Munera
Cellularcomputersaremoreflexiblethanelectroniccomputers,becausethebiologicalmoleculesresponsibleforinformationtransmissioncanbereplacedbyotherbiologicalmolecules,whiletraditionalcomputerscanonlybelimitedto(single)electronicSignal.Cellularcomputerscanevencommunicatedirectlywithelectroniccomputers.Becausethetwohavethesamelogic,scientistshopethatelectroniccomputerscanbettercommunicatewithcells.Cellularcomputerswillfacilitatethein-depthstudyofvariousbiologicalmechanismsoforganisms,aswellasthedevelopmentofnewmethodsforthetreatmentofdiseases.
Statusquo
In1999,theChineseAcademyofSciencesZengBangzheproposedtoregardgeneticinformationsystemasgenomicintelligence(genomicintelligence),whichcanbeartificiallyprogrammedandartificialevolution(artificialevolution),toredesigncomplexbiologicalmoleculesincellsInteractionnetwork,sothatthecellbecomesanartificiallifesystem.
Atthebeginningof1999,ZengBangzhe(ZengJie)establishedtheSystemBiologyScienceandEngineeringNetworkinGermanyandpreparedforinternationalconferencesandassociations,andpublishedonlinethedesignprinciplesofelectroniccomponentsandelectroniccircuitsforcellularcommunicationandmolecularbiologicalsystemsincells.Pictured,in2002,abiologicalcomputermodelofmolecularmodules,organelles,geneclustersdesigningcellsanddesigningcellsignalcommunicationwasproposedinGermany.
Manually designant et synthesizegenes, genecha, signaltransductionis opera, etc., machinamenta et programmata, quae canandocomplexationes et informationes, socellcomputatores sunt etiam appellati computatores.
In2012,SwissresearcherFussenegelandothersmadetwokeybio-digitalcircuitsinanimalembryonickidneycells:halfadderandhalfsubtractor.TheycanaddAddorsubtracttwobinarynumbers.Thisisthemostcomplicatedbiologicalcircuitmadesofar,anditisexpectedtobeusedtobuildcellcomputers.