Bell Labs

Historicalevolution

OnJanuary1,1925,whenAT&Tpresident,WalterGifford(WalterGifford)acquiredtheresearchdepartmentofWesternElectronicsCorporation,acompanycalledAnindependententityof"BellTelephoneLaboratories,"laterrenamedBellLaboratories.AT&TandWesternElectronicseachown50%ofthecompany.Inthe1920sand1930s,BellLabsresearchersintroducedlong-distancetelevisiontransmissionanddigitalcomputers,leadingthedevelopmentofsoundfilmsandartificialthroats.Twoimportantinventionsoftheinformationage-transistorandinformationtheorywereallresearchedbyBellLabsinthe1940s.ThemajorinventionsofBellLabsinthe1950sand1960sincludedsolarcells,thetheoryoflasers,andcommunicationsatellites.

After1984,inaccordancewiththeUSgovernment'sagreementtospinoffAT&T,BellcorewasestablishedfromBellLabs.BellcoreprovidesunifiedresearchanddevelopmentservicesforaseriesofsmallBellcompaniesafterthespin-off.

In1996,BellLabsandAT&T'sequipmentmanufacturingdepartmentseparatedfromAT&TandbecameLucentTechnologies.AT&Tretainedasmallnumberofresearcherstoestablishitsresearchorganization-AT&TLabs.BellLabsisnowtheresearchanddevelopmentdepartmentofLucentTechnologies,anditsmissionistoprovidetechnologytocreatethemostadvancedtelecommunicationssystemintheworld.Sinceitsestablishment,BellLabshasissuedmorethan27,000patents,withanaverageof4patentsissuedeveryworkingday.

OnAugust7,2008,asitsownerAlcatel-Lucentmadealossfor6consecutivequarters,ithasnevermadeaprofitsincethemergerofAlcatelandLucentTechnologies,anditsmarketvaluehasevaporatedby62%.Alcatel-LucentHadtosellthe46-year-oldBellLabsbuilding,whichwaspurchasedbytheSomersetRealEstateDevelopmentCompanyofNewJersey,USA,andplannedtoconvertitintoashoppingmallandresidentialbuilding.

V roce 2016 Nokia získala společnost Alcatel-Lucent, čímž získala společnost BellLabs.

Institutionalsetting

TheworkofBellLabscanberoughlydividedintothreecategories:basicresearch,systemengineeringandapplicationdevelopment.Inbasicresearch,heismainlyengagedinthebasictheoreticalresearchoftelecommunicationstechnology,includingmathematics,physics,materialscience,behavioralscienceandcomputerprogrammingtheory.Systemengineeringmainlystudiesthehighlycomplexsystemsthatconstitutetelecommunicationnetworks.ThedevelopmentdepartmentisthelargestdepartmentofBellLabsandisresponsiblefordesigningtheequipmentandsoftwarethatmakeuptheBellSystemtelecommunicationsnetwork.

BellLaboratoriesisoneofthefewR&Dinstitutionsintheindustry.TheRinR&Dreferstobasicresearch,andDisdevelopment.TheratioofRandDatBellLabsis1:10.ThisisverydifferentfromMicrosoftResearch.Microsoftisdoingpuretechnologyresearch,whileBellLabshasbothbasicresearchandproductdevelopment,aswellasappliedresearchafterbasicresearch.TheresearchanddevelopmentofBellLabsisdividedintothreestages:oneisBellLabs'owninventionorinnovation,andtheotheristoevolveandupdateitsownproducts.TheotheristoabsorbnewtechnologiesandnewproductsthroughmergersandacquisitionsinEuropeandotherregions.

Ifalargecompanyonlydoesdevelopment,itisarelativelyshort-termbehavior.Fromalong-termperspective,technologydevelopsveryfast.Althoughwecan’tsaywhatwillhappenintenyears,atleastwehavetoseethreeorfiveyearslater.Ifthereisnotheoreticalexperienceofbasicresearch,ordirectionalknowledge,theplanningislikewaterwithoutasource.ButdoingRandDcan'tturnthecartbeforethehorse.Youcan'twritepapersallthetime,andyoucan'tgetaproduct.Ifthereisnoproduct,therewillbenobenefit,noprofit,andnoresearch.

Společnost Lucent si je plně vědoma nutnosti investovat jak do základního výzkumu, tak do vývoje produktů. Lucent vždy použil 11% až 12% ročních prodejů jako BellLabsR&Dfunding,přibližně 40%.

Alcatel-Lucent(Alcatel-Lucent),theparentcompanyofBellLabs,iswithdrawingfrombasicscience,physicalscienceandsemiconductorscientificresearch,andwillfocusonareasthatcanenterthemarketfaster,suchasnetworkingandhigh-speedelectronics,Wirelesstechnology,nanotechnologyandsoftware.AsaBellLabsspokespersonsaid,"Underthenewinnovationmodel,researchshouldbedevotedtoaddressingtheneedsoftheparentcompany."

Academicresearch

Theglobaleconomyisintheprocessofvigorousdevelopmentofinformatization.Intheinformationage,thereareinfrastructurescomposedofnetworking,computersandsoftware,manyofwhichcomefromthepowerfulinnovationsofBellLaboratories;transistors,informationtheoryanddigitaltransmissionareimportantfoundationsofphysics,mathematicsandtechnologyforinformationconstruction,andtheyareBellLabs.Oneofmanymilestonesinthehistoryofsciencecreatedbylaboratoryresearchresults.

Innovativeproducts

Inthepastcentury,theinnovativetechnologiesandproductsthatBellLabshasbroughttotheworldinclude:thefirstfaxmachine,push-buttontelephone,digitalmodem,Cellularphones,communicationsatellites,high-speedwirelessdatasystems,solarcells,charge-coupleddevices,digitalsignalprocessors,singlechips,lasersandopticalfibers,opticalamplifiers,densewavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystems,firstlong-distancetelevisiontransmission,high-definitiontelevision;FromtheOvoderoelectronicspeechsynthesisdeviceshownin1939tothemostadvancedspeechsynthesisandrecognition.Itsstoredprogramcontrolandelectronicexchange,databaseandpackettechnologypavedthewayfortheapplicationofintelligentnetworks;theUNIXoperatingsystemitdevelopedenablesvarioustypesofcomputerstobenetworkedonalargescale,thusachievingthepracticalInternettoday;CandC++languagesItisoneofthemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguages;andthenetworkmanagementandoperatingsystemintroducedbyBellLabssupportsbillionsoftelephonecallsanddataconnectionsworldwideeveryday.ItcanbesaidthateverystephumanbeingstaketowardscivilizationiscloselyrelatedtoBellLabs.

Výzkumné úspěchy

Celkem 8 Nobelových cen (včetně 7 cen za fyziku a 1 ceny za chemii).

In1933,KarlJanskydiscoveredthatthecenteroftheMilkyWayiscontinuouslyemittingradiowavesbystudyingelectrostaticnoiseinlong-distancecommunications,andestablishedradioastronomythroughthisresearch.

In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Participatinginthisresearch,JohnBardeen,WilliamShockley,andWalterHouserBrattainwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1956.

Shannon(ClaudeShannon)publishedapaper"TheMathematicalPrinciplesofCommunication"in1948,whichlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory.HisresultsarebasedinpartonNyquistandHartley'spreviousworkatBellLabs.

In1970,KenThompsonofBellLaboratories,USA.BasedontheBCPLlanguage,designaverysimpleandclosetothehardwareBlanguage(takethefirstletterofBCPL).AndhewrotethefirstUNIXoperatingsysteminBlanguage.In1972,D.M.RitchieofBellLabsintheUnitedStatesfinallydesignedanewlanguagebasedontheBlanguage.HetookthesecondletteroftheBCPLasthenameofthelanguage,whichistheClanguage.BellLabsinventedthephotovoltaiccell.BellLabsisalsothebirthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguage.TheClanguagewasdevelopedbyBrianKernighan,DennisRitchie,andKenThompsonintheearly1970s.Inthe1980s,itwasdevelopedintoC++languagebyBiganiStrusschup.

Vstup do Číny

V květnu 1997 společnost BellLabs oficiálně vstoupila do Číny, respektive v Pekingu, založila vývojovou laboratoř se Šanghajem, se zaměřením na vědecký výzkum v oblastech multimédií, komunikací, digitálních a komunikačních signálů další univerzity,Čínská akademie věd,Ministerstvo informačního průmyslu adalšívýzkumnéinstituce,dosáhlamnohoúspěchův oblasti vývoje aplikací.V červenci 1998 ,BellLabsAsiaPacificCommunicationsSoftwareCenter bylo zřízeno v Pekingu.V listopadu téhož roku,jeho ústředí v Asii-Pacifiku a Číně se nastavilo v Pekingu.BellLabs se dostal do ČínyJesoučástíprofiremníglobalizačnístrategie. aby Čína prodávala své vlastní produkty, které byly.cena.prodejního centraNení vhodná pro místní trh, takže pokud chcete vyrábět v Číně, založila mnoho společných podniků a Lucent není žádnou výjimkou. Po zřízení. BellLabs Institute of BasicSciences (Čína) po svém založení.Vychází z Lucentovy nové generace podzimních optických spínačůWaveStarTMLambdaRouterasjeho výzkumné pozadí.Návrh systému protokolůarealizacevýzkumnéhoprototypuprototypuvýzkumnýchprototypůaprojejichvýrobkuprototypuprovozubyl dokončen.

Inthepasttenyears,therapiddevelopmentofopticalcommunicationtechnologyhasprovideduserswithhugebandwidth.Inthepastfewyears,thefocusofresearchwasmainlyonthephysicallayer,suchasopticalfibertechnology,opticaldevices,andopticalswitches,whiletheupper-layeropticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsandsystemsarestillintheirinfancy.ThetelecommunicationsnetworkintelligenceonlyexistsintheelectronicswitchinglayercomposedofIProutersandATMswitches.Intheopticaltransportlayer,althoughtherearealreadylarge-capacitywavelengthdivisionmultiplexingtransmissionequipmentandopticalcross-connectequipmentavailable,theconnectionofopticalchannelsisstillManualconfiguration.Thismethodisinefficient,complicatedtooperate,andpronetoerrors,whichseverelyrestrictstheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityofthenetwork.Therefore,itisnecessarytointroducehigherintelligenceintheopticallayer.Suchintelligenceisthroughtheopticalnetwork.Managementsystem.ONMPisjustsuchaprotocolthroughwhichacorenetworkcanbeestablishedthatmeetscost-effective,flexibleexpansionandsupportbusinessservicequalityassurance.

ThegoaloftheONMPopticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemprojectistorealizeanintelligentopticaltransmissioncorenetwork,usinganoverlapmodel,out-of-bandcontrolsignaling,supportingautomaticend-to-endopticalpathrequest/allocation,andend-to-endEnd-of-servicequalityassurance.WithONMP,theopticalnetworkisintelligentlydistributedtothenetworkelements.Opticallayerbusinessservicescanbedefinedthroughsoftwaretodynamicallyallocateopticalnetworkresources.Itchangesfromprovidingonlytransmissionchannelstoprovidingcomprehensivebusinesssolutions,andmakingtheopticalnetworkanintelligent,all-opticalnetworkcapableofprovidingvariousbandwidthapplicationsandservices,ensuringtheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityoftheopticalnetwork.ONMPprovidesanintelligentplatformforanewgenerationofopticalnetworks.

BellLaboratories(China)DivisionwontheBellLabsPresident’sGoldAward,whichisthehighestawardthatcanbeobtainedforR&DatLucent,anditisalsotheachievementofBellLaboratories(China)Divisionforfouryearsofdevelopment.

BasicScience

23. března 2000 založily BellLaboratories v Pekingu novou výzkumnou instituci Bell Laboratories Institute of BasicScience [Čína]. Toto je poprvé, co BellLabs založila výzkumný institut mimo Spojené státy.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isacenterofexcellenceintechnologyandinnovation,providingtechnicalsupporttoLucent’sbusinesssectorandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theresearchinstituteismainlydevotedtoresearchinthefieldofappliedtechnology,andtransfersitsappliedtechnologytoLucentProductDepartmentandLucentGlobalServices(LWS)throughthedevelopmentofapplicationideasandtechnicalprototypes.Whilecarryingoutinnovativeandappliedresearchinthetruesense,BellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isalsocommittedtobasicresearchinthefieldsofInternettechnology,software,wirelesscommunications,opticalnetworks,computerscience,andappliedmathematics.Theinstitutereliesonbasicresearchanddevelopsapplicationsonthisbasis.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hascarriedoutfruitfulcooperationwiththeChinesescientificandtechnologicalcirclesandeducationcircles.Atthesametime,theinstitutealsoactivelyprovidessupporttovariouslocaldepartmentsofLucent.TheInstituteiscurrentlycooperatingwithindustriesanduniversitiesinAustraliaandNewZealand,whichprovidesLucentwithnewbusinessopportunities.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hasestablishedaclosecooperativerelationshipwithChineseuniversities.IthasestablishedthreejointlaboratoriesincooperationwithTsinghuaUniversity;establishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwiththeInstituteofSoftwareoftheChineseAcademyofSciences;andestablishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwithFudanUniversity.Theresearchareasofthesejointlaboratoriesinvolveopticalnetworks,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunications,softwaresystems,andnetworkanalysisanddesign.Atthesametime,theInstitutecooperatedwiththeNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinatojointlyfundkeyprojectsandyouthfundprojects.

ResearchInstitute

TheyoungandtalentedresearchpersonneloftheResearchInstituteworkindifferentresearchfields,arecommittedtothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andstrivetorealizethemselvesinthefieldofscientificresearch.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)hasbeencommittedtobecomingacenterofinnovativetechnologyandinnovationtostrengthensupportforLucent’sbusinessunitsandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theinstitutehascarriedoutandcompletedseveralimportantresearchtopicsinthefieldsofall-opticalnetwork,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunication,communicationandsoftwaresystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheresearchresultsoftheIProutertestsoftwaresystem,opticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemandwirelesscommunicationsystemoftheinstitutehaveappliedforUSandChinesepatents,andarebeingtransformedintoLucent'sproductdepartment.Theinstituteisaworldleaderinsystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheIPv6edgerouterwithopticalandwirelessinterfacesdevelopedbytheresearchinstitutesuccessfullyrealizedtheinterconnectionwithopticalcross-connectequipmentandwirelessmobilecommunicationequipment.InApril2001,theAcademyjoinedChina'sNextGenerationInternetasoneofthefirstforeign-fundedresearchinstitutions.

Since2004,theresearchdirectionoftheInstitutehasshiftedtotheresearchofinnovativeapplicationtechnologies.Thefourongoingapplication-orientedresearchprojectsareprogressingveryrapidly.InSeptember2004,attheAppliedTechnologyExchangeDayheldattheheadquartersofBellLaboratoriesinMorrison,theresearchinstitutedemonstratedthetechnicalprototypesofsomeprojects.ManyproductdepartmentsandmarketingteamsofLucentexpressedgreatappreciationfortheresearchprojectsundertakenbytheresearchinstitute.interest.TheInstitutewillalsocooperatewithLucent'sGlobalServicesDepartmentonthisbasistoprovideprofessionalservicestocustomers.Inordertosupporttheresearchworkoftheseprojectsandtocatertothefutureintegrationtrendoftelecommunications,theInstitutehasestablished6functionalgroups:SIP/RTP,Multimedia,UserProfile,PolicySupport,LocationandSecuritytoconductresearchintheabovetechnicalfields.Thesefunctionalgroupscloselylinkapplicationtechnologywithbasicresearch,andatthesametimeprovideaunifiedplatformforallapplications.

Reasonsforsuccess

1.IncubatedinthemechanicalandengineeringdepartmentsofAT&TandWesternElectricCorporationfor40years.TheR&Dpolicyhasundergonemanychangesandtempers.Thepersonnelalreadyhaveawealthofexperience,andareliablemethodhasbeenfoundfortheallocationofR&Dfacilitiesandfunds,thuspreparingastableandreliablefoundationforthedevelopmentofBellLabsafteritsestablishment.

2.ThereisalwaysaclearunderstandingandunderstandingofR&Dtasks:focusontheR&Dofcommunicationtechnologyandproducts,andradiatetoothertechnologiesandproducts.Theknowledgeandunderstandingofthetaskevolvesovertime.

3.Determinedtopursuetheoriginalityofresearchanddevelopment,anduseittodevelopmoldingtechnologyandproductdevelopment,becausethecompanyalwaysfacesadvancedcommunicationtechnologiesandproducts,soitmustandonlystartwiththeoriginalityofbasicresearch.Onlyinordertogainanadvantageinthefiercecompetitionofcommunicationproducts,canthequalityofhumancommunicationlifebeimproved.

4.Agatheringoftalents,goodatselectingandcultivatingoutstandingscientificandtechnologicaltalents.

5.Bezplatný výzkum a týmová práce.

6. Inovace je duší BellLabs.

7.Dobré akademické prostředí BellLabs je "Eden" výzkumu.

8.Anillustrationofthedoublehelixstructureoftheelementsofbasicresearch,technologydevelopment,productproductionandmarketing.

9.Krátkodosahová technologie, technologie, výroba a prodej a otevřené a uzavřené cykly.

10.Vědecký duch a týmový duch a styl.

11. Úspěch se skládá z úspěchu.

12.Thesuccessstemsfromthesystemengineeringformedbytheabove-mentionedvariousreasonsandelements.