Historicalevolution
OnJanuary1,1925,whenAT&Tpresident,WalterGifford(WalterGifford)acquiredtheresearchdepartmentofWesternElectronicsCorporation,acompanycalledAnindependententityof"BellTelephoneLaboratories,"laterrenamedBellLaboratories.AT&TandWesternElectronicseachown50%ofthecompany.Inthe1920sand1930s,BellLabsresearchersintroducedlong-distancetelevisiontransmissionanddigitalcomputers,leadingthedevelopmentofsoundfilmsandartificialthroats.Twoimportantinventionsoftheinformationage-transistorandinformationtheorywereallresearchedbyBellLabsinthe1940s.ThemajorinventionsofBellLabsinthe1950sand1960sincludedsolarcells,thetheoryoflasers,andcommunicationsatellites.
After1984,inaccordancewiththeUSgovernment'sagreementtospinoffAT&T,BellcorewasestablishedfromBellLabs.BellcoreprovidesunifiedresearchanddevelopmentservicesforaseriesofsmallBellcompaniesafterthespin-off.
In1996,BellLabsandAT&T'sequipmentmanufacturingdepartmentseparatedfromAT&TandbecameLucentTechnologies.AT&Tretainedasmallnumberofresearcherstoestablishitsresearchorganization-AT&TLabs.BellLabsisnowtheresearchanddevelopmentdepartmentofLucentTechnologies,anditsmissionistoprovidetechnologytocreatethemostadvancedtelecommunicationssystemintheworld.Sinceitsestablishment,BellLabshasissuedmorethan27,000patents,withanaverageof4patentsissuedeveryworkingday.
OnAugust7,2008,asitsownerAlcatel-Lucentmadealossfor6consecutivequarters,ithasnevermadeaprofitsincethemergerofAlcatelandLucentTechnologies,anditsmarketvaluehasevaporatedby62%.Alcatel-LucentHadtosellthe46-year-oldBellLabsbuilding,whichwaspurchasedbytheSomersetRealEstateDevelopmentCompanyofNewJersey,USA,andplannedtoconvertitintoashoppingmallandresidentialbuilding.
През 2016 г. Nokia придоби Alcatel-Lucent, като по този начин придоби BellLabs.
Institutionalsetting
TheworkofBellLabscanberoughlydividedintothreecategories:basicresearch,systemengineeringandapplicationdevelopment.Inbasicresearch,heismainlyengagedinthebasictheoreticalresearchoftelecommunicationstechnology,includingmathematics,physics,materialscience,behavioralscienceandcomputerprogrammingtheory.Systemengineeringmainlystudiesthehighlycomplexsystemsthatconstitutetelecommunicationnetworks.ThedevelopmentdepartmentisthelargestdepartmentofBellLabsandisresponsiblefordesigningtheequipmentandsoftwarethatmakeuptheBellSystemtelecommunicationsnetwork.
BellLaboratoriesisoneofthefewR&Dinstitutionsintheindustry.TheRinR&Dreferstobasicresearch,andDisdevelopment.TheratioofRandDatBellLabsis1:10.ThisisverydifferentfromMicrosoftResearch.Microsoftisdoingpuretechnologyresearch,whileBellLabshasbothbasicresearchandproductdevelopment,aswellasappliedresearchafterbasicresearch.TheresearchanddevelopmentofBellLabsisdividedintothreestages:oneisBellLabs'owninventionorinnovation,andtheotheristoevolveandupdateitsownproducts.TheotheristoabsorbnewtechnologiesandnewproductsthroughmergersandacquisitionsinEuropeandotherregions.
Ifalargecompanyonlydoesdevelopment,itisarelativelyshort-termbehavior.Fromalong-termperspective,technologydevelopsveryfast.Althoughwecan’tsaywhatwillhappenintenyears,atleastwehavetoseethreeorfiveyearslater.Ifthereisnotheoreticalexperienceofbasicresearch,ordirectionalknowledge,theplanningislikewaterwithoutasource.ButdoingRandDcan'tturnthecartbeforethehorse.Youcan'twritepapersallthetime,andyoucan'tgetaproduct.Ifthereisnoproduct,therewillbenobenefit,noprofit,andnoresearch.
Като високотехнологична компания, Lucent е напълно наясно с необходимостта да инвестира както в основни изследвания, така и в разработване на продукти. Lucent винаги е използвал 11% до 12% от годишните продажби на BellLabs R&Dфинансиране, около 40%. Сто милиона щатски долара. BellLab има 28 000 души, от които по-малко от 300 са изследвани и базирани продукти развитие.
Alcatel-Lucent(Alcatel-Lucent),theparentcompanyofBellLabs,iswithdrawingfrombasicscience,physicalscienceandsemiconductorscientificresearch,andwillfocusonareasthatcanenterthemarketfaster,suchasnetworkingandhigh-speedelectronics,Wirelesstechnology,nanotechnologyandsoftware.AsaBellLabsspokespersonsaid,"Underthenewinnovationmodel,researchshouldbedevotedtoaddressingtheneedsoftheparentcompany."
Academicresearch
Theglobaleconomyisintheprocessofvigorousdevelopmentofinformatization.Intheinformationage,thereareinfrastructurescomposedofnetworking,computersandsoftware,manyofwhichcomefromthepowerfulinnovationsofBellLaboratories;transistors,informationtheoryanddigitaltransmissionareimportantfoundationsofphysics,mathematicsandtechnologyforinformationconstruction,andtheyareBellLabs.Oneofmanymilestonesinthehistoryofsciencecreatedbylaboratoryresearchresults.
Innovativeproducts
Inthepastcentury,theinnovativetechnologiesandproductsthatBellLabshasbroughttotheworldinclude:thefirstfaxmachine,push-buttontelephone,digitalmodem,Cellularphones,communicationsatellites,high-speedwirelessdatasystems,solarcells,charge-coupleddevices,digitalsignalprocessors,singlechips,lasersandopticalfibers,opticalamplifiers,densewavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystems,firstlong-distancetelevisiontransmission,high-definitiontelevision;FromtheOvoderoelectronicspeechsynthesisdeviceshownin1939tothemostadvancedspeechsynthesisandrecognition.Itsstoredprogramcontrolandelectronicexchange,databaseandpackettechnologypavedthewayfortheapplicationofintelligentnetworks;theUNIXoperatingsystemitdevelopedenablesvarioustypesofcomputerstobenetworkedonalargescale,thusachievingthepracticalInternettoday;CandC++languagesItisoneofthemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguages;andthenetworkmanagementandoperatingsystemintroducedbyBellLabssupportsbillionsoftelephonecallsanddataconnectionsworldwideeveryday.ItcanbesaidthateverystephumanbeingstaketowardscivilizationiscloselyrelatedtoBellLabs.
Изследователски постижения
Общо 8 Нобелови награди (включително 7 награди за физика и 1 награда за химия).
In1933,KarlJanskydiscoveredthatthecenteroftheMilkyWayiscontinuouslyemittingradiowavesbystudyingelectrostaticnoiseinlong-distancecommunications,andestablishedradioastronomythroughthisresearch.
In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Participatinginthisresearch,JohnBardeen,WilliamShockley,andWalterHouserBrattainwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1956.
Shannon(ClaudeShannon)publishedapaper"TheMathematicalPrinciplesofCommunication"in1948,whichlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory.HisresultsarebasedinpartonNyquistandHartley'spreviousworkatBellLabs.
In1970,KenThompsonofBellLaboratories,USA.BasedontheBCPLlanguage,designaverysimpleandclosetothehardwareBlanguage(takethefirstletterofBCPL).AndhewrotethefirstUNIXoperatingsysteminBlanguage.In1972,D.M.RitchieofBellLabsintheUnitedStatesfinallydesignedanewlanguagebasedontheBlanguage.HetookthesecondletteroftheBCPLasthenameofthelanguage,whichistheClanguage.BellLabsinventedthephotovoltaiccell.BellLabsisalsothebirthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguage.TheClanguagewasdevelopedbyBrianKernighan,DennisRitchie,andKenThompsonintheearly1970s.Inthe1980s,itwasdevelopedintoC++languagebyBiganiStrusschup.
Време | Основни резултати от изследването |
1940 г | Мрежа за данни |
1947 г | Транзистор, технология за мобилни телефони |
1954 г | Слънчева клетка |
1958 г | Лазер |
1960 г | Транзистор с полуполев ефект на метален оксид (MOSFET) (използван в CMOS логически клетки за широкомащабни интегрални схеми), като микропроцесори, едночипови компютри и др.) |
1962 г | Цифрово предаване на гласови сигнали, Комуникационен сателит: Telstar1 |
1963 г | Радиоастрономия (космически телескоп, радиотелескоп) |
1969 г | Операционна система UNIX, зарядно свързан компонент (CCD, използвани в четци за баркодове, фотоапарати, скенери, фотокопирни машини) |
1972 г | CLanguage |
1979 | Цифров сигнален процесор система върху чип (SoCDSP, използвани модеми, безжични телефони и др. |
Навлизане в Китай
През май 1997 г. BellLabs официално навлязоха в Китай, съответно в Пекин, създадоха лаборатория за развитие с Шанхай, съсредоточена върху научните изследвания в областта на мултимедията, комуникациите, обработката на цифрови сигнали и комуникационния софтуер и работиха в тясно сътрудничество с Шанхайския кралски университет Jiang University и други университети, Китайската академия на науките, Министерството на информационната индустрия и други изследователски институции, постигнаха много постижения в областта на разработването на приложения. През юли 1998 г. ,Софтуерният център за комуникации на BellLabs Asia Pacific беше създаден в Пекин. През ноември същата година неговите централи в Азия, Тихоокеанския регион и Китай бяха създадени в Пекин. BellLabs дойде в КитайТой също е част от стратегията за глобализация на компанията. stcametoChinatprodatetheyсобственипродукти,коятобешецентързатърговски център.ценаНе еподходящазаместнияпазар,така чеакоискатедапроизвеждатевКитай,тойсъздадохмного съвместни предприятияиLucentisняма изключение.След създаванетонатърговскияцентърикомпаниятазасъвместноразработване,тази част отразработката на продукта също е преместена втозиработнаколасистематаTheONMPmagementopticalo Изследователски проект, предприет от LucentBellLabs Institute of BasicSciences (Китай) след установяването му. Той се основава на новото поколение оптични превключватели на Lucent WaveStarTMLambdaRoutera е неговият изследователски фон. Дизайнът на системата от протоколи и реализацията на изследователския прототип са завършени. cent'sproductdivision.
Inthepasttenyears,therapiddevelopmentofopticalcommunicationtechnologyhasprovideduserswithhugebandwidth.Inthepastfewyears,thefocusofresearchwasmainlyonthephysicallayer,suchasopticalfibertechnology,opticaldevices,andopticalswitches,whiletheupper-layeropticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsandsystemsarestillintheirinfancy.ThetelecommunicationsnetworkintelligenceonlyexistsintheelectronicswitchinglayercomposedofIProutersandATMswitches.Intheopticaltransportlayer,althoughtherearealreadylarge-capacitywavelengthdivisionmultiplexingtransmissionequipmentandopticalcross-connectequipmentavailable,theconnectionofopticalchannelsisstillManualconfiguration.Thismethodisinefficient,complicatedtooperate,andpronetoerrors,whichseverelyrestrictstheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityofthenetwork.Therefore,itisnecessarytointroducehigherintelligenceintheopticallayer.Suchintelligenceisthroughtheopticalnetwork.Managementsystem.ONMPisjustsuchaprotocolthroughwhichacorenetworkcanbeestablishedthatmeetscost-effective,flexibleexpansionandsupportbusinessservicequalityassurance.
ThegoaloftheONMPopticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemprojectistorealizeanintelligentopticaltransmissioncorenetwork,usinganoverlapmodel,out-of-bandcontrolsignaling,supportingautomaticend-to-endopticalpathrequest/allocation,andend-to-endEnd-of-servicequalityassurance.WithONMP,theopticalnetworkisintelligentlydistributedtothenetworkelements.Opticallayerbusinessservicescanbedefinedthroughsoftwaretodynamicallyallocateopticalnetworkresources.Itchangesfromprovidingonlytransmissionchannelstoprovidingcomprehensivebusinesssolutions,andmakingtheopticalnetworkanintelligent,all-opticalnetworkcapableofprovidingvariousbandwidthapplicationsandservices,ensuringtheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityoftheopticalnetwork.ONMPprovidesanintelligentplatformforanewgenerationofopticalnetworks.
BellLaboratories(China)DivisionwontheBellLabsPresident’sGoldAward,whichisthehighestawardthatcanbeobtainedforR&DatLucent,anditisalsotheachievementofBellLaboratories(China)Divisionforfouryearsofdevelopment.
Фундаментална наука
На 23 март 2000 г. BellLaboratories създадоха нова изследователска институция в Пекин, BellLaboratoriesInstituteofBasicScience[Китай]. Това е първият път, когато BellLab създава изследователски институт извън Съединените щати.
TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isacenterofexcellenceintechnologyandinnovation,providingtechnicalsupporttoLucent’sbusinesssectorandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theresearchinstituteismainlydevotedtoresearchinthefieldofappliedtechnology,andtransfersitsappliedtechnologytoLucentProductDepartmentandLucentGlobalServices(LWS)throughthedevelopmentofapplicationideasandtechnicalprototypes.Whilecarryingoutinnovativeandappliedresearchinthetruesense,BellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isalsocommittedtobasicresearchinthefieldsofInternettechnology,software,wirelesscommunications,opticalnetworks,computerscience,andappliedmathematics.Theinstitutereliesonbasicresearchanddevelopsapplicationsonthisbasis.
TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hascarriedoutfruitfulcooperationwiththeChinesescientificandtechnologicalcirclesandeducationcircles.Atthesametime,theinstitutealsoactivelyprovidessupporttovariouslocaldepartmentsofLucent.TheInstituteiscurrentlycooperatingwithindustriesanduniversitiesinAustraliaandNewZealand,whichprovidesLucentwithnewbusinessopportunities.
TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hasestablishedaclosecooperativerelationshipwithChineseuniversities.IthasestablishedthreejointlaboratoriesincooperationwithTsinghuaUniversity;establishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwiththeInstituteofSoftwareoftheChineseAcademyofSciences;andestablishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwithFudanUniversity.Theresearchareasofthesejointlaboratoriesinvolveopticalnetworks,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunications,softwaresystems,andnetworkanalysisanddesign.Atthesametime,theInstitutecooperatedwiththeNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinatojointlyfundkeyprojectsandyouthfundprojects.
ResearchInstitute
TheyoungandtalentedresearchpersonneloftheResearchInstituteworkindifferentresearchfields,arecommittedtothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andstrivetorealizethemselvesinthefieldofscientificresearch.
TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)hasbeencommittedtobecomingacenterofinnovativetechnologyandinnovationtostrengthensupportforLucent’sbusinessunitsandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theinstitutehascarriedoutandcompletedseveralimportantresearchtopicsinthefieldsofall-opticalnetwork,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunication,communicationandsoftwaresystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheresearchresultsoftheIProutertestsoftwaresystem,opticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemandwirelesscommunicationsystemoftheinstitutehaveappliedforUSandChinesepatents,andarebeingtransformedintoLucent'sproductdepartment.Theinstituteisaworldleaderinsystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheIPv6edgerouterwithopticalandwirelessinterfacesdevelopedbytheresearchinstitutesuccessfullyrealizedtheinterconnectionwithopticalcross-connectequipmentandwirelessmobilecommunicationequipment.InApril2001,theAcademyjoinedChina'sNextGenerationInternetasoneofthefirstforeign-fundedresearchinstitutions.
Since2004,theresearchdirectionoftheInstitutehasshiftedtotheresearchofinnovativeapplicationtechnologies.Thefourongoingapplication-orientedresearchprojectsareprogressingveryrapidly.InSeptember2004,attheAppliedTechnologyExchangeDayheldattheheadquartersofBellLaboratoriesinMorrison,theresearchinstitutedemonstratedthetechnicalprototypesofsomeprojects.ManyproductdepartmentsandmarketingteamsofLucentexpressedgreatappreciationfortheresearchprojectsundertakenbytheresearchinstitute.interest.TheInstitutewillalsocooperatewithLucent'sGlobalServicesDepartmentonthisbasistoprovideprofessionalservicestocustomers.Inordertosupporttheresearchworkoftheseprojectsandtocatertothefutureintegrationtrendoftelecommunications,theInstitutehasestablished6functionalgroups:SIP/RTP,Multimedia,UserProfile,PolicySupport,LocationandSecuritytoconductresearchintheabovetechnicalfields.Thesefunctionalgroupscloselylinkapplicationtechnologywithbasicresearch,andatthesametimeprovideaunifiedplatformforallapplications.
Reasonsforsuccess
1.IncubatedinthemechanicalandengineeringdepartmentsofAT&TandWesternElectricCorporationfor40years.TheR&Dpolicyhasundergonemanychangesandtempers.Thepersonnelalreadyhaveawealthofexperience,andareliablemethodhasbeenfoundfortheallocationofR&Dfacilitiesandfunds,thuspreparingastableandreliablefoundationforthedevelopmentofBellLabsafteritsestablishment.
2.ThereisalwaysaclearunderstandingandunderstandingofR&Dtasks:focusontheR&Dofcommunicationtechnologyandproducts,andradiatetoothertechnologiesandproducts.Theknowledgeandunderstandingofthetaskevolvesovertime.
3.Determinedtopursuetheoriginalityofresearchanddevelopment,anduseittodevelopmoldingtechnologyandproductdevelopment,becausethecompanyalwaysfacesadvancedcommunicationtechnologiesandproducts,soitmustandonlystartwiththeoriginalityofbasicresearch.Onlyinordertogainanadvantageinthefiercecompetitionofcommunicationproducts,canthequalityofhumancommunicationlifebeimproved.
4.Agatheringoftalents,goodatselectingandcultivatingoutstandingscientificandtechnologicaltalents.
5. Безплатно търсене и работа в екип.
6.Иновацията е душата на BellLabs.
7. Добрата академична среда на BellLabs е „раят“ на научните изследвания.
8.Anillustrationofthedoublehelixstructureoftheelementsofbasicresearch,technologydevelopment,productproductionandmarketing.
9.Малкообхватни технологии,технологии,производство и продажби,и отворени и затворени цикли.
10.Научен дух и екипен дух и стил.
11.Успехът се гради от успеха.
12.Thesuccessstemsfromthesystemengineeringformedbytheabove-mentionedvariousreasonsandelements.