Bell Labs

Historicalevolution

OnJanuary1,1925,whenAT&Tpresident,WalterGifford(WalterGifford)acquiredtheresearchdepartmentofWesternElectronicsCorporation,acompanycalledAnindependententityof"BellTelephoneLaboratories,"laterrenamedBellLaboratories.AT&TandWesternElectronicseachown50%ofthecompany.Inthe1920sand1930s,BellLabsresearchersintroducedlong-distancetelevisiontransmissionanddigitalcomputers,leadingthedevelopmentofsoundfilmsandartificialthroats.Twoimportantinventionsoftheinformationage-transistorandinformationtheorywereallresearchedbyBellLabsinthe1940s.ThemajorinventionsofBellLabsinthe1950sand1960sincludedsolarcells,thetheoryoflasers,andcommunicationsatellites.

After1984,inaccordancewiththeUSgovernment'sagreementtospinoffAT&T,BellcorewasestablishedfromBellLabs.BellcoreprovidesunifiedresearchanddevelopmentservicesforaseriesofsmallBellcompaniesafterthespin-off.

In1996,BellLabsandAT&T'sequipmentmanufacturingdepartmentseparatedfromAT&TandbecameLucentTechnologies.AT&Tretainedasmallnumberofresearcherstoestablishitsresearchorganization-AT&TLabs.BellLabsisnowtheresearchanddevelopmentdepartmentofLucentTechnologies,anditsmissionistoprovidetechnologytocreatethemostadvancedtelecommunicationssystemintheworld.Sinceitsestablishment,BellLabshasissuedmorethan27,000patents,withanaverageof4patentsissuedeveryworkingday.

OnAugust7,2008,asitsownerAlcatel-Lucentmadealossfor6consecutivequarters,ithasnevermadeaprofitsincethemergerofAlcatelandLucentTechnologies,anditsmarketvaluehasevaporatedby62%.Alcatel-LucentHadtosellthe46-year-oldBellLabsbuilding,whichwaspurchasedbytheSomersetRealEstateDevelopmentCompanyofNewJersey,USA,andplannedtoconvertitintoashoppingmallandresidentialbuilding.

Vuonna 2016 Nokia osti Alcatel-Lucentin ja osti siten BellLabin.

Institutionalsetting

TheworkofBellLabscanberoughlydividedintothreecategories:basicresearch,systemengineeringandapplicationdevelopment.Inbasicresearch,heismainlyengagedinthebasictheoreticalresearchoftelecommunicationstechnology,includingmathematics,physics,materialscience,behavioralscienceandcomputerprogrammingtheory.Systemengineeringmainlystudiesthehighlycomplexsystemsthatconstitutetelecommunicationnetworks.ThedevelopmentdepartmentisthelargestdepartmentofBellLabsandisresponsiblefordesigningtheequipmentandsoftwarethatmakeuptheBellSystemtelecommunicationsnetwork.

BellLaboratoriesisoneofthefewR&Dinstitutionsintheindustry.TheRinR&Dreferstobasicresearch,andDisdevelopment.TheratioofRandDatBellLabsis1:10.ThisisverydifferentfromMicrosoftResearch.Microsoftisdoingpuretechnologyresearch,whileBellLabshasbothbasicresearchandproductdevelopment,aswellasappliedresearchafterbasicresearch.TheresearchanddevelopmentofBellLabsisdividedintothreestages:oneisBellLabs'owninventionorinnovation,andtheotheristoevolveandupdateitsownproducts.TheotheristoabsorbnewtechnologiesandnewproductsthroughmergersandacquisitionsinEuropeandotherregions.

Ifalargecompanyonlydoesdevelopment,itisarelativelyshort-termbehavior.Fromalong-termperspective,technologydevelopsveryfast.Althoughwecan’tsaywhatwillhappenintenyears,atleastwehavetoseethreeorfiveyearslater.Ifthereisnotheoreticalexperienceofbasicresearch,ordirectionalknowledge,theplanningislikewaterwithoutasource.ButdoingRandDcan'tturnthecartbeforethehorse.Youcan'twritepapersallthetime,andyoucan'tgetaproduct.Ifthereisnoproduct,therewillbenobenefit,noprofit,andnoresearch.

High-tech-yrityksenä Lucent on täysin tietoinen tarpeesta investoida sekä perustutkimukseen että tuotekehitykseen.Lucent on aina käyttänyt 11–12 % vuotuisesta myynnistään BellLabsR&D-rahoituksena,noin 40 %. vauhtia.

Alcatel-Lucent(Alcatel-Lucent),theparentcompanyofBellLabs,iswithdrawingfrombasicscience,physicalscienceandsemiconductorscientificresearch,andwillfocusonareasthatcanenterthemarketfaster,suchasnetworkingandhigh-speedelectronics,Wirelesstechnology,nanotechnologyandsoftware.AsaBellLabsspokespersonsaid,"Underthenewinnovationmodel,researchshouldbedevotedtoaddressingtheneedsoftheparentcompany."

Academicresearch

Theglobaleconomyisintheprocessofvigorousdevelopmentofinformatization.Intheinformationage,thereareinfrastructurescomposedofnetworking,computersandsoftware,manyofwhichcomefromthepowerfulinnovationsofBellLaboratories;transistors,informationtheoryanddigitaltransmissionareimportantfoundationsofphysics,mathematicsandtechnologyforinformationconstruction,andtheyareBellLabs.Oneofmanymilestonesinthehistoryofsciencecreatedbylaboratoryresearchresults.

Innovativeproducts

Inthepastcentury,theinnovativetechnologiesandproductsthatBellLabshasbroughttotheworldinclude:thefirstfaxmachine,push-buttontelephone,digitalmodem,Cellularphones,communicationsatellites,high-speedwirelessdatasystems,solarcells,charge-coupleddevices,digitalsignalprocessors,singlechips,lasersandopticalfibers,opticalamplifiers,densewavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystems,firstlong-distancetelevisiontransmission,high-definitiontelevision;FromtheOvoderoelectronicspeechsynthesisdeviceshownin1939tothemostadvancedspeechsynthesisandrecognition.Itsstoredprogramcontrolandelectronicexchange,databaseandpackettechnologypavedthewayfortheapplicationofintelligentnetworks;theUNIXoperatingsystemitdevelopedenablesvarioustypesofcomputerstobenetworkedonalargescale,thusachievingthepracticalInternettoday;CandC++languagesItisoneofthemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguages;andthenetworkmanagementandoperatingsystemintroducedbyBellLabssupportsbillionsoftelephonecallsanddataconnectionsworldwideeveryday.ItcanbesaidthateverystephumanbeingstaketowardscivilizationiscloselyrelatedtoBellLabs.

Tutkimussaavutukset

8 Nobel-palkintoa (mukaan lukien 7 fysiikan ja 1 kemian palkintoa).

In1933,KarlJanskydiscoveredthatthecenteroftheMilkyWayiscontinuouslyemittingradiowavesbystudyingelectrostaticnoiseinlong-distancecommunications,andestablishedradioastronomythroughthisresearch.

In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Participatinginthisresearch,JohnBardeen,WilliamShockley,andWalterHouserBrattainwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1956.

Shannon(ClaudeShannon)publishedapaper"TheMathematicalPrinciplesofCommunication"in1948,whichlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory.HisresultsarebasedinpartonNyquistandHartley'spreviousworkatBellLabs.

In1970,KenThompsonofBellLaboratories,USA.BasedontheBCPLlanguage,designaverysimpleandclosetothehardwareBlanguage(takethefirstletterofBCPL).AndhewrotethefirstUNIXoperatingsysteminBlanguage.In1972,D.M.RitchieofBellLabsintheUnitedStatesfinallydesignedanewlanguagebasedontheBlanguage.HetookthesecondletteroftheBCPLasthenameofthelanguage,whichistheClanguage.BellLabsinventedthephotovoltaiccell.BellLabsisalsothebirthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguage.TheClanguagewasdevelopedbyBrianKernighan,DennisRitchie,andKenThompsonintheearly1970s.Inthe1980s,itwasdevelopedintoC++languagebyBiganiStrusschup.

> yliopistot,Kiinan Tiedeakatemia,Tietoteollisuusministeriö ja muut tutkimuslaitokset,on saavuttaneet sovelluskehityksen alalla.Heinäkuussa1998 ,BellLabsAsiaPacificCommunicationsSoftwareCenterperustettiinPekingiin.Saman vuoden marraskuussa sen Aasian ja Tyynenmeren alueen pääkonttori perustettiin Pekingiin. Ensin tuliKiinassamyyvät omia tuotteitaan,joka oli myyntikeskushinta.Se ei sovi paikallisille markkinoille, joten se on perustanut useita yhteisyrityksiä,ja Lucent ei ole poikkeus. LucentBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)perustamisen jälkeen tekemä tutkimushanke.Se perustuu Lucentin uuteen sukupolveen kaikki optiset kytkimetWaveStarTMLambdaRouter. 'tuoteosasto.

Inthepasttenyears,therapiddevelopmentofopticalcommunicationtechnologyhasprovideduserswithhugebandwidth.Inthepastfewyears,thefocusofresearchwasmainlyonthephysicallayer,suchasopticalfibertechnology,opticaldevices,andopticalswitches,whiletheupper-layeropticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsandsystemsarestillintheirinfancy.ThetelecommunicationsnetworkintelligenceonlyexistsintheelectronicswitchinglayercomposedofIProutersandATMswitches.Intheopticaltransportlayer,althoughtherearealreadylarge-capacitywavelengthdivisionmultiplexingtransmissionequipmentandopticalcross-connectequipmentavailable,theconnectionofopticalchannelsisstillManualconfiguration.Thismethodisinefficient,complicatedtooperate,andpronetoerrors,whichseverelyrestrictstheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityofthenetwork.Therefore,itisnecessarytointroducehigherintelligenceintheopticallayer.Suchintelligenceisthroughtheopticalnetwork.Managementsystem.ONMPisjustsuchaprotocolthroughwhichacorenetworkcanbeestablishedthatmeetscost-effective,flexibleexpansionandsupportbusinessservicequalityassurance.

ThegoaloftheONMPopticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemprojectistorealizeanintelligentopticaltransmissioncorenetwork,usinganoverlapmodel,out-of-bandcontrolsignaling,supportingautomaticend-to-endopticalpathrequest/allocation,andend-to-endEnd-of-servicequalityassurance.WithONMP,theopticalnetworkisintelligentlydistributedtothenetworkelements.Opticallayerbusinessservicescanbedefinedthroughsoftwaretodynamicallyallocateopticalnetworkresources.Itchangesfromprovidingonlytransmissionchannelstoprovidingcomprehensivebusinesssolutions,andmakingtheopticalnetworkanintelligent,all-opticalnetworkcapableofprovidingvariousbandwidthapplicationsandservices,ensuringtheflexibility,reliabilityandscalabilityoftheopticalnetwork.ONMPprovidesanintelligentplatformforanewgenerationofopticalnetworks.

BellLaboratories(China)DivisionwontheBellLabsPresident’sGoldAward,whichisthehighestawardthatcanbeobtainedforR&DatLucent,anditisalsotheachievementofBellLaboratories(China)Divisionforfouryearsofdevelopment.

BasicScience

23. maaliskuuta 2000 BellLaboratories perusti uuden tutkimuslaitoksen Pekingiin, BellLaboratoriesInstitute of Basic Science [Kiina].Tämä on ensimmäinen kerta, kun BellLabs-aloja tutkitaan laitoksen ulkopuolella.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isacenterofexcellenceintechnologyandinnovation,providingtechnicalsupporttoLucent’sbusinesssectorandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theresearchinstituteismainlydevotedtoresearchinthefieldofappliedtechnology,andtransfersitsappliedtechnologytoLucentProductDepartmentandLucentGlobalServices(LWS)throughthedevelopmentofapplicationideasandtechnicalprototypes.Whilecarryingoutinnovativeandappliedresearchinthetruesense,BellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)isalsocommittedtobasicresearchinthefieldsofInternettechnology,software,wirelesscommunications,opticalnetworks,computerscience,andappliedmathematics.Theinstitutereliesonbasicresearchanddevelopsapplicationsonthisbasis.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hascarriedoutfruitfulcooperationwiththeChinesescientificandtechnologicalcirclesandeducationcircles.Atthesametime,theinstitutealsoactivelyprovidessupporttovariouslocaldepartmentsofLucent.TheInstituteiscurrentlycooperatingwithindustriesanduniversitiesinAustraliaandNewZealand,whichprovidesLucentwithnewbusinessopportunities.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicScience(China)hasestablishedaclosecooperativerelationshipwithChineseuniversities.IthasestablishedthreejointlaboratoriesincooperationwithTsinghuaUniversity;establishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwiththeInstituteofSoftwareoftheChineseAcademyofSciences;andestablishedajointlaboratoryincooperationwithFudanUniversity.Theresearchareasofthesejointlaboratoriesinvolveopticalnetworks,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunications,softwaresystems,andnetworkanalysisanddesign.Atthesametime,theInstitutecooperatedwiththeNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinatojointlyfundkeyprojectsandyouthfundprojects.

ResearchInstitute

TheyoungandtalentedresearchpersonneloftheResearchInstituteworkindifferentresearchfields,arecommittedtothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andstrivetorealizethemselvesinthefieldofscientificresearch.

TheBellLabsInstituteofBasicSciences(China)hasbeencommittedtobecomingacenterofinnovativetechnologyandinnovationtostrengthensupportforLucent’sbusinessunitsandcustomersinChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Theinstitutehascarriedoutandcompletedseveralimportantresearchtopicsinthefieldsofall-opticalnetwork,next-generationInternetIPv6,wirelesscommunication,communicationandsoftwaresystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheresearchresultsoftheIProutertestsoftwaresystem,opticalnetworkmanagementprotocolsystemandwirelesscommunicationsystemoftheinstitutehaveappliedforUSandChinesepatents,andarebeingtransformedintoLucent'sproductdepartment.Theinstituteisaworldleaderinsystemintegrationandinteroperability.TheIPv6edgerouterwithopticalandwirelessinterfacesdevelopedbytheresearchinstitutesuccessfullyrealizedtheinterconnectionwithopticalcross-connectequipmentandwirelessmobilecommunicationequipment.InApril2001,theAcademyjoinedChina'sNextGenerationInternetasoneofthefirstforeign-fundedresearchinstitutions.

Since2004,theresearchdirectionoftheInstitutehasshiftedtotheresearchofinnovativeapplicationtechnologies.Thefourongoingapplication-orientedresearchprojectsareprogressingveryrapidly.InSeptember2004,attheAppliedTechnologyExchangeDayheldattheheadquartersofBellLaboratoriesinMorrison,theresearchinstitutedemonstratedthetechnicalprototypesofsomeprojects.ManyproductdepartmentsandmarketingteamsofLucentexpressedgreatappreciationfortheresearchprojectsundertakenbytheresearchinstitute.interest.TheInstitutewillalsocooperatewithLucent'sGlobalServicesDepartmentonthisbasistoprovideprofessionalservicestocustomers.Inordertosupporttheresearchworkoftheseprojectsandtocatertothefutureintegrationtrendoftelecommunications,theInstitutehasestablished6functionalgroups:SIP/RTP,Multimedia,UserProfile,PolicySupport,LocationandSecuritytoconductresearchintheabovetechnicalfields.Thesefunctionalgroupscloselylinkapplicationtechnologywithbasicresearch,andatthesametimeprovideaunifiedplatformforallapplications.

Reasonsforsuccess

1.IncubatedinthemechanicalandengineeringdepartmentsofAT&TandWesternElectricCorporationfor40years.TheR&Dpolicyhasundergonemanychangesandtempers.Thepersonnelalreadyhaveawealthofexperience,andareliablemethodhasbeenfoundfortheallocationofR&Dfacilitiesandfunds,thuspreparingastableandreliablefoundationforthedevelopmentofBellLabsafteritsestablishment.

2.ThereisalwaysaclearunderstandingandunderstandingofR&Dtasks:focusontheR&Dofcommunicationtechnologyandproducts,andradiatetoothertechnologiesandproducts.Theknowledgeandunderstandingofthetaskevolvesovertime.

3.Determinedtopursuetheoriginalityofresearchanddevelopment,anduseittodevelopmoldingtechnologyandproductdevelopment,becausethecompanyalwaysfacesadvancedcommunicationtechnologiesandproducts,soitmustandonlystartwiththeoriginalityofbasicresearch.Onlyinordertogainanadvantageinthefiercecompetitionofcommunicationproducts,canthequalityofhumancommunicationlifebeimproved.

4.Agatheringoftalents,goodatselectingandcultivatingoutstandingscientificandtechnologicaltalents.

5.Ilmainen tutkimus ja ryhmätyö.

6. Innovaatiot ovat BellLabsin sielu.

7.BellLabsin hyvä akateeminen ympäristö on "Eden"-tutkimuksen.

8.Anillustrationofthedoublehelixstructureoftheelementsofbasicresearch,technologydevelopment,productproductionandmarketing.

9.Lyhyen kantaman tekniikka, teknologia, tuotanto ja myynti sekä auki- ja sulkemisjaksot.

10. Tieteellinen henki ja tiimihenki ja tyyli.

11.Menestys rakentuu menestyksestä.

12.Thesuccessstemsfromthesystemengineeringformedbytheabove-mentionedvariousreasonsandelements.

Aika	Tärkeimmät tutkimustulokset
1940	DataNetwork
1947	Transistori,matkapuhelintekniikka
1954	Aurinkokenno
1958	Laser
1960	MetalOxideHalfFieldEffectTransistor (MOSFET) (käytetään CMOSlogic-kennoissa suuria integroituja piirejä varten), kuten mikroprosessorit, yksisiruiset tietokoneet jne.)
1962	Digitaalinen äänisignaalien siirto, Viestintäsatelliitti:Telstar1
1963	Radioastronomia (avaruusteleskooppi, radioteleskooppi)
1969	UNIX-käyttöjärjestelmä,latauskomponentti (CCD,käytetään viivakoodinlukulaitteissa,kameroissa,skannereissa,kopiokoneissa)
1972	CLieli
1979	Järjestelmä-siru-digitaalinen signaaliprosessori (SoCDSP, käytetyt modeemit, langattomat puhelimet jne.