Royal Navy

Historyofdevelopment

FromtheMiddleAgestotheCromwellera

TheUnitedKingdomisanislandcountry.Thenavyisvitaltoitssurvivalanddevelopment.Inhistory,Britainhasbeenrepeatedlyinvadedbyforeignenemiesfromthesea.TheestablishmentofthenavyhasbecomethefocusofBritishdefenseconstruction.Asearlyasthe9thcenturyAD,KingAlfredtheGreat(reignedfrom848to899)formedafleet.

Becauseofthespecialgeographicalenvironment,mostBritishmonarchsattachgreatimportancetotheconstructionanddevelopmentofthenavy.ThistraditionbeganwithHenryVII.AfterHenryVIIIsucceededtothethrone,heinheritedHenryVII'spolicyofattachingimportancetothenavy.HefoundedtheNavyBureau,whichlaterbecameanimportantdepartmentofthecountry,underitsjurisdictionthethreefunctionaldepartmentsofdocks,food,andarmaments,andotherauxiliaryagencies.

In1558,afterHenryVIII’sdaughterElizabethsucceededtothethrone,DrakeandotherBritishadmiralsproposedtoimprovetheBritishnavaltactics,andatthesametimecreatemorepowerfulartillerywithalongerrangesothatenemyshipscouldnotSinkitwhenyougetclose.Britainbegantobuildanewtypeofgalleonin1580.LaterinthenavalbattlewiththeSpanishfleet,thenewshipsandlarge-caliberartilleryoftheBritishfleetplayedahugeroleinthevictoryofthewar,anddefeatedtheSpanishInvincibleFleetattheBattleofGravolinain1588.However,SpainwontheColonnaLisbonexpeditionorganizedbyBritainin1589,andthesituationreversed.

Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theBritishmaritimepowersituationworsenedcomparedtothepast.ShipsandtheBritishcoastwereincreasinglyattackedbyBarbarypirates.Thecrackdownhadlittleeffect.Itsmerchantfleetwasalmoststoppedduetopirateattacks.

In1640,abourgeoisrevolutionbrokeoutinBritain.In1649,theUnitedKingdomwasdeclaredarepublic,andCromwellwaselectedastheprotectorofEngland,Scotland,andIreland,andactuallymasteredthepoweroftheBritishstate.AfterCromwellcametopower,aspecialnavalorganizationwasestablishedandastandingnavalfleetwasestablished.

Thenewregimepromulgatedthe"NavigationRegulations",stipulatingthatallmerchantshipstoandfromBritainorBritishcoloniesshouldbecarriedbyBritishships,whichledtothewarwiththeDutchRepublic.IntheearlydaysoftheFirstAnglo-DutchWar,thelargeandheavilyarmedBritishshipswereoffsetbytheDutch'sexcellenttacticalcommandskills,makingthewarinconclusive.AftertheBattleofPortlandin1653,BritainimproveditstacticsandachievedaseriesofdecisivevictoriesinthesubsequentBattleofGabbardandtheBattleofScheveningen,andbroughtfavorableconditionsforpeacetoBritain.

From1660tothe19thcentury

InMay1660,CharlesIIsucceededtothethroneandBritainrestoreditsmonarchy.Hisfirstactionwastorebuildthenavy.Fromthispointalone,thenavywasnolongerthepersonalpropertyofthemonarch,insteaditbecameanationalinstitutionandwasgiventhetitleof"RoyalNavy".

From1655to1675,thetotalnumberofwarshipsintheNetherlandshasbeenmaintainedattheworld'sadvancedlevel.TheeconomicandmilitarystrengthoftheNetherlandsissufficienttocompetewithBritain,anditremainsthemainobstacleandthreatonthepathofBritishbusinessandcolonialexpansion.Therefore,theSecondAnglo-DutchWarandtheThirdAnglo-DutchWarwereafiercestrugglebetweenthetwosides.

Fromthe1670stothe1680s,theBritishnavypermanentlyendedtheBarbarypirates'threattoBritishshipping.AftertheGloriousRevolution,BritainjoinedtheAugsburgLeaguetoparticipateintheGreatAllianceWaragainstthehegemonyofLouisXIV,andalliedwiththeNetherlands.In1692,thevictoryoftheBattleofRahoa(theBattleofRaoulge)broughtaturningpointinthewar,andBritainbegantobecomethestrongestatsea.

IntheWaroftheSpanishSuccession,BritainandtheNetherlandsfoughttogetheratseaagainstFranceandtheSpanish.AtfirsttheyfocusedontheMediterraneanandformedanalliancewithPortugal,occupyingGibraltarandMelorcain1704and1708.From1715to1727thenavyfoughtagainstSwedenandRussiaintheBalticSea.In1718,thenavywasthrownintotheBattleofCapePaserointheWaroftheFourNations.In1739,theNavyparticipatedintheWarofEarsofJenkinsinSpain,mainlytargetingSpanishportsintheCaribbeanSea,butthebattlewasmostlyunsuccessful.

IntheensuingSevenYears'War,thenavy'samphibiousmilitaryoperationsconqueredFrenchcoloniesinCanada,theCaribbeanandWestAfrica.InFebruary1763,BritainandFranceconcludedthe"ParisPeaceTreaty".ThecontractmarkedBritain'sgreatvictoryinthestruggleformaritimesupremacyandlaidthefoundationfortheBritishEmpire.Themaritimepowerbegantoenteritsheydayandbegantomovetowardsthe"seasupremacy"."Thestatus.In1775,theAmericanWarofIndependencebrokeout,andin1778,FrancedeclaredwaronBritain.Inthefollowingyear,SpainagainformedanalliancewithFrance,andFrenchmaritimepowerwasfurtherstrengthened.AfterFranceenteredthewar,thescopeofthewarexpandedtoincludetheAmericas,Gibraltar,theAtlantic,theMediterranean,theWestIndies,andIndia.TheBritishnavyandtheFrenchnavyaretheprotagonistsonthenavalbattlefield,andbothsideshavetheirownvictories.

IntheFrenchRevolutionaryWarandtheNapoleonicWars,NelsondefeatedthecombinedFrenchandSpanishfleetsattheBattleofTrafalgar.ThisvictorymarkedtheculminationofthesuperiorityoftheBritishnavyfordecades.TheViennaConferenceof1815markedtheestablishmentofBritishmaritimesupremacy.Untiltheendofthe19thcentury,theBritishnavyhadanabsoluteadvantageintheworld.Inthepastcentury,nocountryhadthepowertochallengeitsmaritimesupremacy.

In1889,ParliamentpassedtheNavy’sNationalDefenseActandformallypassedthe"TwoPowersStandard",whichstipulatedthattheRoyalNavyshouldmaintainatleastthesamenumberofbattleshipsasthesecondtwonavalpowers.sum.Inthemid-1990s,theinternationalsituationchangeddrastically.FranceandRussiaformedanalliance,theambitiousGermanylaunchedalarge-scalenavalplan,theUnitedStatesandJapancontinuedtoexpandtheirterritory,andBritainfeltisolatedandinsecure.

Early20thcentury-1945

Afterenteringthe20thcentury,theRoyalNavyisstillthemostpowerfulnavyintheworld.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,theBritishNavywasfurtherdevelopedandstrengthenedduetotheneedtoblockadeanddefeattheGermanHighSeasFleet.Bytheendofthewar,theBritishNavyhadonceagainachievedapositionfarstrongerthanothernavalpowers,andthegapbetweenitanditsmaincompetitorshadalsowidened.

Althoughthewarisover,theintensityofthenavalcompetitionhasnoteasedduetothedefeatofGermanyandthecancellationoftheGermannavy.Britain’smaritimehegemonyisfacingnewchallenges.MaintainingseapowerisatraditionalBritishpolicy.Facedwiththenewcompetitivesituationintheinternationalnavalfieldafterthewar,theBritishgovernment'sinitialresponsewastomaintainitsmaritimehegemonyatallcosts.Inthisway,justafterWorldWarI,alargernavalarmsracewasunfoldedamongseveralmajorpowers.

IntheearlydaysofWorldWarII,theRoyalNavyprovidedimportantprotectionfortheevacuationoftheBritishExpeditionaryForceinDunkirk.AttheBattleofTaranto,AdmiralCunninghamdecidedtousecarrier-basedaviationtocarryoutairstrikesontheportofTaranto.Thisisthefirsttimeanaircraftcarriercarrier-basedaircrafthasattackedanavyshipinhistory.TheRoyalNavysufferedheavylossesinthefirsttwoyearsofthewar.IncludingtheRoyalArk,Brave,GloryandRoyalOak.TheLancasterwassunkbyaLuftwaffebomberonJune17,1940offtheportofSaint-NazaireinFrance.ThisincidentwasthesinglemostdeadlyincidentinthehistoryofBritishnavigation,anditwasalsotheworstcasualtyincidentintheUnitedKingdominWorldWarII.However,theBattleoftheMouthofLaPlatain1939,theBattleofNarvikin1940,andthesinkingoftheproudGermanbattleshipBismarckinMay1941stabilizeditssuperiorityonthewatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Inadditiontoprovidingcoverduringoperations,defendingsearoutesalsoenablesBritishtroopstofightinremoteareasoftheworld,suchasNorthAfrica,theMediterranean,andtheFarEast.Thehegemonyofthenavyisalsocrucialforamphibiouslandingoperations,suchasOperationTorch,SicilyLanding,andNormandyLanding.RoyalNavyshipsalsoplayedavitalroleinescortingthemerchantfleetacrosstheAtlanticandArcticOceansandprotectingotheralliesfromair,surface,andunderwaterattacks.TheGermanbattlecruiserScharnhorstwassunkin1943whileattemptingtoattackanAlliedmerchantfleet.Bytheendofthewar,theRoyalNavyhad4,800ships,makingitthesecondlargestfleetintheworld.

AfterWorldWarII

AfterWorldWarII,theBritishcoloniesundertheimpactofthenationalliberationmovementbecameindependent,andthe"sunneversetempire"wasfragmented.InthelateColdWar,themainforceoftheBritishnavycontractedtotheNorthAtlanticwaters,whichuseditsspecialgeographicalpositionasanimportantstrategichubintheWestandthestrategicdepthofWesternEuropeintheconfrontationbetweentheEastandtheWest,aswellasitsrichanti-submarineexperience.Ithastakenontheimportanttaskof"nucleardeterrenceandprotectionofmaritimelinesofcommunication",thuswinningaspecialdefenseandpoliticalpositionforBritaininNATO.

OneofthemostimportantmilitaryoperationsthattheRoyalNavytookpartinafterWorldWarIIwastheMalvinasIslandsWar.Asaresult,Argentinafailed.Despitethelossoffournavalshipsandothercivilianships,theRoyalNavywonthe8,000-mile(12,000-kilometer)warontheBritishmainland.Thewaremphasizedtheimportanceofaircraftcarriersandsubmarines.

AttheendoftheColdWar,theBritishNavy,whichchantedtheslogan"ReturntotheNorthAtlantic",appearedagainandagainto"showitsskills".FromtheGulf,Kosovo,Afghanistan,IraqandLibyawars,theyservedalmostwithoutservice.ThevanguardoftheUnitedStates.

Now,thegloryof"thesunneversets"isgone.However,itisundeniablethattheRoyalNavyisstillamodernmaritimeforcewithaleanoverallscale,balancedstructure,advancedtechnologyandequipment,richtraditions,andstrongcombatcapabilities.ThisisthepracticalneedforBritaintomaintainits"globalinfluence",anditisalsothecornerstoneofitssupportforthestatusofaseriesofmajorpowerssuchasapermanentmemberoftheUNSecurityCouncil,anuclearpower,aleaderoftheCommonwealth,amajormemberofNATO,andthemostimportantstrategicallyoftheUnitedStates.

Surfaceships

Amphibiouswarships

ThetwoQueenElizabeth-classaircraftcarriersthathavebeeninservicereplacethethreeretiredInvincible-classaircraftcarriersandbecomethebackboneoftheRoyalNavyinthefuture..Thetwoaircraftcarriersareworthabout3.9billionpoundsandhaveadisplacementof65,000tons;theywerecompletedin2014and2016,andtheywillbecomecombateffective25yearslater.TheywillcarryF-35BfighterstoreplacetheretiredHarrierfighters;the21,700-tonclassamphibiousassaultshipthatcancarry30helicoptersand800soldiersinservicein1999;andthetwoinservicebetween2003and2004The21,500-tonOceanSonclassamphibiousdocklandingshiphasjoinedtheRoyalNavyoneafteranother,andthenfour16,190-tonBay-classauxiliarylandingshipshavebeeninservice,whichhasgreatlyimprovedtheRoyalNavy’samphibiouscombatcapabilities.

EscortFleet

TheRoyalNavy'sescortfleethas6Type45destroyers,13Type23frigates,andisdevelopinganupdated6000-tonType26frigatetoreplacetheabovefrigates.

NuclearSubmarineForce

Thenuclearsubmarineforceisundergoingrenewal,andfournewlydesignedandalert-levelattacknuclearsubmarinesareunderconstruction.ThenewsubmarineislargerthanthepreviousgenerationTrafalgar-classattacknuclearsubmarine,withanunderwaterdisplacementof7,800tons.InDecember2006,theauthoritiesexpressedtheirintentiontoreplacetheactiveavant-garde-classstrategicmissilenuclearsubmarineswithnewsubmarines,andtheupdatewillbecompletedin2024;theUKwillcontinuetomaintainanuclearsubmarineforcecapableoflaunchingsubmarine-launchednuclearmissiles.

Totalnumberofships

AsofJune6,2013,thelastType42destroyer,theEdinburgh,wasdecommissioned.

  • 11submarines:Avant-garde-classnuclearsubmarines4,TrafalErga-classattacknuclearsubmarine4ships,Smart-classnuclearsubmarine3ships;

  • 2aircraftcarriers:QueenElizabeth-classaircraftcarriers2ships

  • 2amphibiousships:AlbionclassDocklandingship2ships

  • 19destroyers:Type45destroyers6ships,Type23frigates13ships;

  • 15minesweepers:Hunterclassminesweepers8ships,Sandownclassminesweepers7ships;

  • 24patrolships

  • 4investigationships

  • 2otherships:SailbattleshipVictory1ship,Bristol-classdestroyer1;

  • 13auxiliaryships.

Commandorganization

ThenominalcommanderoftheRoyalNavyisLordHighAdmiral,theactualcommanderFirstSeaLord(FirstSeaLord),inadditiontobeinganadmiral,heisalsoamemberoftheDefenseCouncil(DefenceCouncil).

NavyHighLevel

AsofJuly2007:

TheSupremeCommander(LordHighAdmiral):QueenElizabethIIofEngland

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NavyChiefofStaff(FirstSeaLord):AdmiralSirJonathanBand

FleetCommand

Commander-in-chiefFleethascommandincludingTheRoyalMarineCorpsandtheRoyalAuxiliaryNavy,includingallavailableshipsfordeployment.TheGeneralCommandislocatedattheRoyalNavy'sPortsmouthNavalBaseinthesouthoftheUnitedKingdom,whiletheOperationalCommandislocatedinNorthwood,asuburbofLondon;itisclosetotheBritishJointHeadquartersandNATO'sRegionalCommand.

Facingdisarmament

BritishPrimeMinisterCameronformallyannouncedinParliamentonOctober19,2010thewidelywatched"StrategicDefenseReview"report,someofwhichhavebeendisclosedbythemediabefore.Thedetailsareconfirmed.Thisreport,knownasthe"bigreductionplan,"showsthatBritain'smilitaryequipmentandpersonnelwillbegreatlyreduced.

ThereportshowsthatHarrierfighterswillbereduced,andtheRoyalNavy’sflagship,theUSSArk,willberetiredfouryearsaheadofschedule;thismeansthatby2019,theBritishNavywillhavenoaircrafttotakeofffromthecarrier.

Cameronsaidthatmilitaryspendingwillbecutby8%inthenextfouryears,and42,000positionsintheDepartmentofDefenseandthemilitarywillbecut.TheseincludetheRoyalNavyandAirForce’slayoffsof5,000personnel,theArmy’sreductionof7,000personnel,andtheMinistryofDefense’sreductionof25,000civilianpositions.

Inthereductionplan,thenavyandairforcearerelativelymoreaffected.Before2015,thenavyreducedto30,000,andthenumberoffrigatesanddestroyerswillbereducedfrom23to19by2020.AlthoughtherenewalplanfortheTridentnuclearmissilesystemwillcontinuetoadvance,thewarheadscarriedbyeachshipwillbereducedfrom48to40;therenewalperiodoftheactiveTridentnuclearsubmarinewillbeextendeduntilafterthenextgeneralelectionin2016;plannedThetwoaircraftcarriersofChinawillcontinuetobebuilt,butoneofthemwillextendthepreparationtimeforconstructionandbesealedforalongtime.

Famousbattleship

  • SailbattleshipVictory

isafirstclassBritishRoyalNavySailbattleship.Constructionstartedin1759andcompletedin1765.ItparticipatedintheBattleofAshentefrom1778to1781whentheAmericanWarofIndependencebrokeout.Later,intheFrenchRevolutionof1797,itparticipatedintheBattleofCapeSaintVincentanddefeatedtheSpanishNavy.ItlaterparticipatedintheBattleofTrafalgarduringtheNapoleonicperiod,duringwhichtimeitwasfamousforbeingtheflagshipoftheDeputyAdmiralNelsonandbreakingthecombinedfleetofFazi(FranceandSpain).Victoryisalsotheoldestwarshipinexistence.ItisnowparkedinthedrydockinPortsmouth,England,andisusedasafloatingmuseum.

  • TheDreadnoughtbattleship

isabattleshipofanepoch-makingdesignoftheBritishRoyalNavy.Itisfarsuperiortosimilarwarshipsofthesameperiodandisthefirstdreadnoughtshipinhistory.Intrepidwasthefirstlargebattleshiptousefoursteamturbinespropulsionunits,whichweremorepowerfulthantheoldreciprocatingsteamunits,anditstopspeedof21knotsexceededanyexistingbattleshipatthetime.Thereliabilityofdrivingathighspeedforalongtimeisalsoverygood.

Dreadnought’scomprehensivedefensecapabilityisnolessthanthatofanywarship.Thearmorissurface-hardened,andthethicknessofimportantpartsisashighas11inches.Thewatertighttanksunderthewaterlinedonothavehorizontalconnectingdoorstostrengthenthewatertightstructureandimprovetheanti-sinkingability.

  • Warspitebattleship

isaQueenElizabeth-classbattleshipoftheBritishRoyalNavy.TheshiplaunchedattheDavenportRoyalShipyardonDecember26,1913isoneofthemostprestigiousshipsoftheRoyalNavy.DuringWorldWarII,theWarspitereceivedthenickname"HonorableOldMan"forbeingpraisedbySirAndrewCunningham.Ladies"isfamous.TheWarspite,likeothershipsofthesameclass,wasdesignedbytwopeople,oneofwhomwasSirJohnFisher.Hewasthedesignerofthefirstdreadnoughtshipinhistory:whenthebattleshipDreadnoughtwaslaunched,hewasthefirstministerofseaaffairs.TheotherwasWinstonChurchill,thenSecretaryoftheNavy,whowastheprimaryroleinfacilitatingthedesignandconstructionoftheQueenElizabeth-classbattleship.AfterhepersuadedtheretiredSirFishertocomebackoutofthemountain,hewasinfluencedbythelatter'sshipbuildingideas.

  • SportsGodaircraftcarrier

isanaircraftcarrierdesignedandbuiltbytheRoyalNavy.The"SportsGod"aircraftcarrierwasorderedbytheRoyalNavyin1917.Itwasthefirstspeciallydesignedaircraftcarrierandisconsideredtheancestorofmodernaircraftcarriers.Constructionofthe"SportsGod"startedin1918.DuetotheendoftheFirstWorldWarandtheneedforalargenumberofexperimentsonthestructurallayout;theconstructionprogresswasslow,anditwasonlycompletedandcommissionedin1923.Itispoweredbyasteamturbineandhasaspeedof25knots.Adoptinganewdesign:aclosedbow,combiningthebridge,mastandchimneyintoalargeislandlocatedontherightsideoftheall-passflightdeck.Atthattime,thenumberofaircraftcarriedwas20.Asthesizeofthecarrieraircraftincreased,thenumberofaircrafthaddroppedto16.InWorldWarII,inCeylon,IndianOceaninApril1942,the"Kingshin"wassunkbyacarrieraircraftofthe1stAirFleetoftheImperialJapaneseNavy.

WorldWarIINavy

BritishWorldWarIINavyestablishment,shipmodel

Basicallyasfollows

1.Aircraftcarrier:

1.Fleetaircraftcarrier,lightaircraftcarrierandescortaircraftcarrier

(1)FleetcarrierHurricanes

(2)Braveclassfleetaircraftcarrier:

Braveandglorious.

(3)TheRoyalArkFleetAircraftCarrier

(4)GloryClassFleetAircraftCarrier:

Glory(R.87),victory(R.38),awesome(R.67).

(5)TheIndomitableFleetAircraftCarrier:

Indomitable(R.92).

(6)EagleII-classfleetaircraftcarrier:

Eagle(R05,formerlyknownasBold),RoyalArk(R09,formerlyknownasInvincible),Eagle(R94Eagle)Theconstructionplanwascancelled.

(7)Unicornlightaircraftcarrier:

Unicorn(I.72).

(8)Giant-classlightaircraftcarrier:

Giant(R.61),Revenge(R.71),Respect(R63),GodofWar(D.76/R.76/A.198),Glory(R.62),

Ocean(R.68),Triumph(R.16/A.108),Theseus(R.64),Perseus(D.51/R.51/A.197),Warriors(R.31).

(9)Majestic-classlightaircraftcarrier:

Majestic(R.77),Majestic(R.36),Horrible(R.93)),Levitan(R.97),Youli(R.95),Cepheus(R.49).

(10)Centaur-classlightaircraftcarrier:

Centaur(R.06),England(R.07),GodofCompetition(R.12originalgiantelephant),barrier(R.08).

(11)TheescortaircraftcarrierBold

(12)Theactiveaircraftcarrier

(13)Pretoriaaircraftcarrier

(14)NairnCounty-classaircraftcarrier:NairnCounty,Vidic.

(15)TheaircraftcarrierUSSCampania

(16)TheaircraftcarrierUSSSagittarius:

Sagittarius(D.78formermerchantshipMormacland).

(17)Avengingclassaircraftcarrier:

Avenger(D.14formerlyBAVG.2),Scammer(D.97formerlyBAVG.3),

Theattacker(CVE.30formerlyD.27),andtheadversary(D.37formerlyBAVG.5).

(18)Attacker-classaircraftcarrier:

Tracker(BAVG.6beforeD.24),Combatant(CVEbeforeD.18.6Altamaha),

Attacker(CVE.7BarnesbeforeD.2),Hunter(CVE.8BlockIslandbeforeD.80),

Stalker(D.32formerCVE.10Breton),Fencer(D.64formerCVE.14Croatan),Strider(D.91CVE.15Hamlin),Follower(D.73formerACV.17St.George),

Batterer(CVE.19PrinceWilliambeforeD.12),Searcher(D.40CVE.22),

Predator(CVE.24beforeD.70).

(19)Emir-classaircraftcarrier:

Slinger(pre-D.26CVE.32Chatham),Prince(pre-D.51CVE.33Glacier),Emperor(CVE.34PybusbeforeD.98),

Emir(CVE.35BaffinsbeforeD.01),Princess(CVE.36BolinasbeforeD.38),Trumpeter(CVE.37BastianbeforeD.37),

Queen(CVE.38CarnegiebeforeD.42),GovernorofEgypt(D.62Cordova),Speaker(D.90Delgada),

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LocalGovernor(D.77Edisto),PrimeMinister(D.23Estero),KingofIran(D.21),Patrolman(D.07Keneenaw),FemaleLord(D.03Niantic),Lord(D.48Sunset),

Attacker(D.85Perdido),Queen(D.19St.Andrews),Ruler(D.72St.Joseph),

Arbiter(D.31St.Simon),Punisher(D.55Vermillion),Perforator(D.79Willapa),

Reaper(D.82Winjah).

2.Merchantaircraftcarrier:

(1)McCabeineEmpire-classMerchantShipCarrier:

McCabeineEmpire,McKendrickEmpire.

(2)McAndrewEmpire-classMerchantMarineAircraftCarrier:

KeAndrewEmpire,MacDamotEmpire,McLeanEmpire,McCaumEmpire.

(3)Lapana-classcommercialaircraftcarrier:

Lapana,Omanstan,Acenius,Akaus,YaniWestAsia,Miralda,Adura.

(4)McCainEmpire-classMerchantMarineAircraftCarrier:

McCainEmpire,McCainEmpire,McMahonEmpire,McCabeempire.

3.Seaplanecarrier:

(1)Egadin-classseaplanecarrier:

EgadinUSS,Riviera

(2)Manx-classseaplanecarrier:

Manx,VidicNo.

(3)HMSRoyalArkSeaplaneCarrier

(4)AlbatrossSeaplaneCarrier

(5)Athena-classseaplanecarrier:

Royal Navy

Athena,OgadineII.

4.Experimentalaircraftcarrier:

(1)TheHundredEyesGiantexperimentalaircraftcarrier

(2)Theexperimentalaircraftcarrier"Jingshen"

(3)TheexperimentalaircraftcarrierofRevenge

(4)TheexperimentalaircraftcarrierofEagle

2.Battleship:

(1)GeorgeV-classbattleship:

KingGeorgeV(KingGeorgeV),PrinceofWales,DukeofYork,Anson,Howe.

(2)QueenElizabeth-classbattleship:

QueenElizabeth,Warspite,Barham,

Warrior,Malaya.

(3)Nelson-classbattleship:

Nelson(Nelson),Rodney(Rodney).

(4)Admiral-classbattlecruiser:

Hood

(5)Prestige-classbattlecruiser:

Renown,Repulse.

(6)R-classbattleship:

RoyalSovereign,Revenge,Resolution,

Ramillis,RoyalOak.

(7)BattleshipVanguard:

I72Vanguard.

3.Cruisers

1.Heavycruisers

(1)Kent-classheavycruisers:

Kent,Berwick,Cumberland,Cornwall,Suffolk.

(2)York-classheavycruiser:

York,Exeter.

(3)London-classheavycruiser:

London,Devon,Sussex,Shropshire.

(4)Norfolk-classheavycruiser:

Norfolk,Dorset.

(5)Hawkins-classheavycruiser:

Cavendish,Hawkins,Raleigh,Frobius,YingfuHam.

2,lightcruisers

(6)Calidon-classlightcruisers:

Calidon,Calypso,Karadok,Kassandra.

(7)Southampton-classlightcruiser:

Southampton,Newcastle,Sheffield,Glasgow,Birmingham.

(8)Dido-classlightcruiser(airdefense):

(Firstbatch)Dido,Bonaventure,MoonGoddess.

(Secondbatch)Hermion,Eurasian,WaterNymph,Cleopatra(alsoknownasQueenofEgypt),Sirius,Argusailor.

(Thirdbatch)CallyBudis,six-headedbanshee.

(9)Leander-classlightcruiser:

Leander,Achilles,Neptune,Orion,Ajax.

(10)Edinburghlightcruiser:

Edinburgh,Belfast.

(11)Uganda-classlightcruisers(thesecondbatchofFiji-class):

Uganda,Newfoundland,andCeylon.

3.Othercruisers

(12)FemaleAres-classcruisers(airdefense):

Spartans,royalists,GoddessofWar,BlackPrince,Crown.

(13)TheSeres-classcruiser:

Cardiff,Seres,Coventry*,Curaçao*,KoLuhao.

(14)Danaë-classcruisers:

(Thefirstbatchof"D"-classcruisers):Danae,Bold,Dragon.

("ThesecondbatchofD-classcruisers"):Delhi,Durban,Deomed,Despaqi.

(15)Xianlin-classcruiser:

Xianlin,Galati(alsoknownasthelivingstatue),Penelope,andthegoddessofdawn.

(16)Gloucester-classcruiser:

Liverpool,Manchester,Gloucester.

(17)Fiji-classcruiser:

Fiji,Kenya,Nigeria,Mauritius,Trinidad,Gambia,Jamaica,Bermuda.

(18)Fast-classcruiser:

Ontario,fast,minotaur,gorgeous.

(19)CapeTownclasscruiser:

Carlisle,Colombo*,Kolkata*,Cairo*,CapeTown.

(20)E-classcruiser:

Emerald,enthusiastic.

(21)MilitaryAbudir-classfastmine-layingship:

Abudir,Latona,IsleofMan,WellsPeople,Ariani,Apollo.

(22)MadeCruiserAdventure

4.Destroyer:

(1)OldS-classdestroyer,V/WClassdestroyer,Shakespeareclassdestroyer,

Scottclassdestroyer,cityclassdestroyer;

(2)TypeAtestdestroyer,****fleetdestroyer,BclassfleetDestroyer,ClassCFleetDestroyer

ClassDFleetDestroyer,ClassEFleetDestroyer,ClassFFleetDestroyer,ClassGFleetDestroyer

ClassHFleetDestroyer,ClassIFleetDestroyer,JClassfleetdestroyer,ClassKfleetdestroyer

ClassLfleetdestroyer,ClassMfleetdestroyer,ClassNfleetdestroyer

(3)ClassOmulti-purposedestroyer,ClassPmulti-purposedestroyer,Q-classmulti-purposedestroyer,R-classmulti-purposedestroyer,

S-classmulti-purposedestroyer,T-classmulti-purposedestroyer,U-classmulti-purposedestroyer,V-classmulti-purposedestroyer,

Z-classmulti-purposedestroyer,tribal-classfleetdestroyer,C****multi-purposedestroyer,

(4)Combat-classairdefensedestroyer

(5)Hunting-classescortdestroyers:

Thefirstbatchofhunting-classdestroyers(Etherstonclass),thesecondbatchofhunting-classdestroyers(Blanckneyclass),

Thethirdbatchofhuntingclassdestroyers(Albrightonclass)andthefourthbatchofhuntingclassdestroyers(Breconclass).

V.Submarine

(1)ClassAPatrolSubmarine

Huangquan,EniasP-427*,Soyuz

(2)Dolphin-classmine-layingsubmarine

TheDolphinisthelastsubmarinesunkbytheRoyalNavysofar.

TheSeaLion37MstruckamineonMay4,1940andwascapturedbytheGermans.

Thekillerwhaleandthespermwhale.

(3)L-classocean-goingsubmarineusedfortraininginWorldWarII.

(4)O-classocean-goingsubmarine:Obailong,Odin,Olympus,Orpheus,Otus,OakleyNo.

(5)P-classocean-goingsubmarine:Parthia,Perseus

(6)R-classocean-goingsubmarineb>:Rainbow

(7)S-classmediumpatrolsubmarine:

TravelnumberP-211*wastransferredtothePortugueseNavyafterWorldWarII

ImmigrationP-212*wassunkbytheItalianNavyin1943

TheSanguinedidnothavetimetoparticipateinWorldWarII,andwassoldtotheIsraeliNavyin1958.

TheCentaurP-214*sanktheGermansubmarineU-987in1944.

ReriP-258*hasbeeninserviceintheIndianOceansinceitscompletion.

Salmon,Saracen,Scotsman,Sturgeon

(8)T-classlargepatrolsubmarine

P.311ItisanunnamedsubmarineintheT-class.TheLittleLakewastransferredtotheRoyalDutchNavy.

CoatnumberP-542*,SilentOne,Shouter,GlassWineCellar,Haste,Tapir,Taramax.

(9)U-classoffshoresubmarine

TheNessiewassunkbytheGermansin1940.Fortunately,itsmemberswererescuedbytheGermans.Andstayedintheprisoner-of-warcampuntiltheendofthewar.

Anodenumber,integritynumber,supporternumber.

(10)ClassVoffshoresubmarine:Vampire,Prairie.

(11)X-classminiaturesubmarine:X-4,XE-5,XE-7,X-9,X-class-E,X-class-T,X-class-Productiontype,X-level-prototype.

(12)River-classfleetsubmarine:Thistypeofsubmarineismainlyusedastheavant-gardeofthefleet,includingtheThamesandtheRiverSeid.

Six.Otherships

(1)Thehuntingclasscruiseship

Thehuntingclasscruiseshipwasintheearly1930sBuiltinWorldWarIItoprotectthelongcoastlineoftheUnitedKingdommadeagreatcontribution.

(2)Flower-classcruiseship

Theflower-classcruiseshipwasamasterpieceofWorldWarI,butitisstillcompetentforanti-submarineandescorttasks.

(3)Bay-classfrigate

TheGulf-classfrigateismainlyusedforoffshoreanti-submarine,K-428.

(4)River-classfrigate

Theriver-classfrigatecanberegardedasanenhancedversionoftheBay-classfrigate,withK-561.

(5)Flower-classsubmarine

Flower-classsubmarineissuitableformassproductionandhasachievedfruitfulresultsintheAtlanticOcean.ThereisK-129.

(6)Castle-classsubmarinedriving

Thecastle-classdrivingsubmarineissuitableforconstructioninasmallshipyard,andthereisK-494.

(7)Swan-classsubmarinedrive

Theblackswan-classsubmarinedrivehasachievedfruitfulresults.Manyanti-submarineaceisdrivingittohuntseawolves.U-66.

(8)Anti-submarinesonartug

Theanti-submarinesonartugispartoftheRoyalNavy'semergencyplan.

(9)AmericanLibertyShip

AlargenumberofBritishmerchantmarinesareequipped.

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