Satoshi Nakamoto

Битцоин

Главни чланак: Историја биткоина

OnNovember1,2008,SatoshiNakamoto'scryptographymailinglistonthe"metzdowd.com"websitePublishedapapertitled"Битцоин:APeer-to-PeerElectronicCashSystem".Thepaperdescribesindetailhowtocreateadecentralizedelectronictransactionsystem,andthissystemdoesnotneedtobebuiltonthebasisofmutualtrustbetweenthetransactionparties.Soon,onJanuary3,2009,hedevelopedthefirstclientprogramthatimplementedtheБитцоинalgorithmandconductedthefirst"mining",obtainingthefirstbatchof50Битцоинs.ThisalsomarkedtheofficialbirthoftheБитцоинfinancialsystem.

OnDecember5,2010,duringtheWikiLeaksleakoftheUSdiplomaticcableincident,theБитцоинcommunitycalledonWikiLeakstoacceptБитцоинdonationstobreakthefinancialblockade.Nakamotoexpressedfirmopposition,believingthatБитцоинisstillinitscradleandcannotwithstandconflictsanddisputes.Sevendayslater,onDecember12,hepublishedhislastarticleintheБитцоинforum,mentioningsomeminorissuesinthelatestversionofthesoftware,andthenstoppedshowingup,andtheemailcommunicationwasgraduallyterminated.

Кандидат за Нобелову награду за економију

In2015,UCLAFinanceProfessorBhagwanChowdhrynominatedSatoshiNakamotoforthe2016NobelPrizeinEconomics.candidate.

BhagwanChowdhrysaid:"TheinventionofБитцоинissimplyrevolutionary.Nakamoto’scontributionwillnotonlycompletelychangethewaywethinkaboutmoney,butitislikelytooverturnthecentralbank’smonetarypolicy.Itwilldestroythehigh-costremittanceservicessuchasWesternUnion,completelyeliminatethe2-4%intermediarytransactiontaxchargedbyVisa,MasterCard,andPayPal,andeliminatethetroublesomeandexpensivenotaryandintermediaryservices.Infact,itItwillcompletelychangethewayoflegalcontracts."

Труеидентитигуессинг

Nakamotorarelyrevealshistrueinformation.InhispersonalprofileontheP2PFoundationwebsite,heclaimedtobea37-year-oldmalelivinginJapan.However,thisiswidelysuspected.HisEnglishwritingisasproficientandauthenticashismothertongue,buthehasneverusedJapanese.UsinghisnametosearchtheInternet,unabletofindanyinformationrelatedtothisperson.Varioussignsindicatethat"NakamotoSatoshi"("NakamotoTetsushi")maybeafictitiousidentity.NakamotoswitchedbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinhisspeechesandprocedures,andhespokeonlinerandomlyatdifferenttimesthroughouttheday.Thisshowsthatheeitherdeliberatelyconcealedhisnationalityandtimezone,orwasmanipulatedbymultiplepeoplebehindhisaccount.However,basedontheanalysisofhislanguagehabitsandtimestatistics,somepeoplebelievethathemaybeaBritishorIrishlivinginthecentralorwesternUnitedStates.LaszloHanyecz,whousedtoworkontheБитцоинcoredevelopmentteam,believesthatitsalgorithmdesignistoosophisticated,sothatitisnotlikeapersoncandoitalone.

MochizukiShinichi

InMay2012,computerscientistTedNelson(TedNelson)believedthatSatoshiNakamotowastheJapanesemathematicianShinichiMochizuki(ShinichiMochizuki),andbelievedthathisSmartenough,theresearchfieldincludesthemathematicalalgorithmsusedbyБитцоин.Moreimportantly,Mochizukidoesnotusetheconventionalacademicpublishingmechanism,butisusedtoworkingalone,lettingothersunderstandafterpublishingthepaper.However,somepeoplequestionedthatthecryptographyrequiredtodesignБитцоинwasnotMochizuki'sresearchinterest.Mochizukihimselfdeniedit.

НицкСааб

InDecember2013,thebloggerSkyeGreyconcludedthathistrueidentitywasaformerGeorgeWashingtonUniversityprofessorthroughaquantitativestylisticanalysisofNakamoto’sthesisNickSabo.Saabispassionateaboutdecentralizedcurrenciesandhaspublishedapaperon"bitgold",andisconsideredapioneerofБитцоин.Heisalsoafamouspersonwholikestousepseudonymssincethe90s.

InanarticleinMay2011,SabosaidwhentalkingaboutthecreatorofБитцоин:“PeopleIknowareinterestedenoughinthisideaandcanputitintopractice.Originallytherewereonlythreepeople:myself,WeiDaiandHalFinney.LaterNakamotoappeared(assumingthatNakamotoisnotFinneynorDavid)."

ДорианЗхонгТхис

Themostwell-knownspeculationoccurredonMarch6,2014.NewsweekreporterLeahMcGrathGoodmanpublishedanarticlesayingthathehadfoundtherealNakamoto,aJapanese-AmericanlivinginCalifornia,namedDorianNakamoto,and"ZheShi"washimNameatbirth.Inadditiontothesamename,Goodmanalsofoundsomesupportingevidence.OneofthemostpowerfulisthatwhenGoodmaninterviewedandaskedБитцоинquestionsinperson,Dorian’sanswerseemedtoconfirmhisidentityasthefatherofБитцоин:"IIamnolongerinvolvedinitandcannotdiscussit.Ithasbeentransferredtoothers.Theyarenowincharge.Ihavenocontact."TheauthenticityofthisstatementwasalsoconfirmedbytheLosAngelesCountypolicewhowerepresentatthetime.

Afterthereportwasmadepublic,itwasquestionedandcriticizedbypublicopinion,includingtheБитцоинcommunity,butitalsoattractedgreatinterestfromthemedia.ReportersflockedtoDorian’shouseandsquattedoutside,evenchasinghiscar.However,inalaterformalinterview,DoriandeniedallhisconnectionwithБитцоин,sayingthathehadneverheardofit,butmisunderstoodGoodman'squestion,thinkingshewasaskingaboutconfidentialworkshehadundertakenfromthemilitary..

Laterthatday,SatoshiNakamotohimselfstoodupanddeniedit.HisfirstmessageintheP2PFoundationaccountafterfiveyearsofdusting,said:"IamnotDorianNakamoto."

ЦраигСтепхенВхите

InDecember2015,WiredMagazinereportedthatAustralianscholarЦраигСтепхенВхитеislikelytobethedeityofSatoshiNakamoto.Atthesametime,healsopointedoutthatmaybeitwasjustacleverscamhedesignedtomakeusbelievethatheisSatoshiNakamotohimself.UntilMay2,2016,AustralianentrepreneurЦраигСтепхенВхитеpubliclyadmittedthathewasSatoshiNakamotowhoinventedБитцоин,andforthefirsttimeanyonepubliclyadmitted.TheevidenceisSatoshiNakamoto’sencryptedsignaturefile,butthesuspectedfilecanbefoundanddownloadedonthedarkwebaslongasitisaslightlymoreadvancedhacker.Ithaslongbeencirculatedinmanycomputermastercircles.TheprivatekeyoftheБитцоинaddressinblock9,butthisprivatekeymaybeobtainedbyearlyБитцоинdevelopersortheircloseones.

ThemostcriticalproofisthefirsttransactionaddressofБитцоинthatimportedБитцоинto2009.ThisaddressisdeemedtobeownedbySatoshiNakamotoandtheperformanceisrequiredtoberemitted.TheBBCreportersent0.017БитцоинsImported,butdidnotrepatriateintheend.TheBBCJournalwroteoffandhisinterviewfootage,claimingthathewastheinventorofБитцоин.However,theauthenticityofCraig'sstatementandevidencehasbeenwidelyquestioned.Whenthekeyevidencewasrequestedinthefinalstage,Craigrefusedandpublishedablogpostabouthim.

Друге спекулације

TherearesomeotherindividualsorgroupsthatarebelievedtobetherealpersonofSatoshiNakamoto.Theseinclude:

• FinnisheconomicsociologistDrViliLehdonvirtaandIrishcryptographygraduatestudentMichaelClear.Thetwodenieditseparately.

• GermanandAmericanresearchersNealKing,VladimirOksmanandCharlesBry.TheyhadjointlyappliedfortheregistrationofaБитцоин-relatedpatent,andthedomainnamebitcoin.orgoftheofficialwebsiteoftheБитцоинprojecthappenedtoberegisteredonthethirddayafterthepatentapplicationwasfiled.Allthreedeniedthisspeculation.

• GavinAndresen,chiefscientistoftheБитцоинFoundation,JedMcCaleb,founderoftheБитцоинtradingplatformMt.Gox,oragovernmentagency.

• DustinD.Trammell,anAmericanentrepreneurandsecurityresearcher,buthepubliclydeniedit.

• SomepeoplethinkthatSatoshiNakamoto'snameisactuallyacombinationoffourcompanynames,includingSamsung(Samsung)andToshiba(Toshiba),Zhongdao(Nakamichi),andMotorola(Motorola),implyingthatБитцоинwasactuallyjointlydevelopedbythesefourcompaniesandusedSatoshiNakamoto,thepseudonymof"SatoshiNakamoto"waspublished.

Анотација

1. NakamotoonlycommunicatesinEnglishontheInternet,signedbyRomajiform"SatoshiNakamoto",butDidnotsayhowitshouldbewritteninJapanese.Japanesemediausuallytranslateitas"中本哲史"(Japanese:中本哲史/なかもとさとし),whileChinesemediaoftenuse"中本聪".ThepronunciationofthetwoinJapaneseisthesame.Japaneseissometimesdirectlytransliteratedas"サトシ・ナカモト"intheformofkatakana.