Satoshi Nakamoto

Биткойн

Основна статия: История на биткойн

OnNovember1,2008,SatoshiNakamoto'scryptographymailinglistonthe"metzdowd.com"websitePublishedapapertitled"Биткойн:APeer-to-PeerElectronicCashSystem".Thepaperdescribesindetailhowtocreateadecentralizedelectronictransactionsystem,andthissystemdoesnotneedtobebuiltonthebasisofmutualtrustbetweenthetransactionparties.Soon,onJanuary3,2009,hedevelopedthefirstclientprogramthatimplementedtheБиткойнalgorithmandconductedthefirst"mining",obtainingthefirstbatchof50Биткойнs.ThisalsomarkedtheofficialbirthoftheБиткойнfinancialsystem.

OnDecember5,2010,duringtheWikiLeaksleakoftheUSdiplomaticcableincident,theБиткойнcommunitycalledonWikiLeakstoacceptБиткойнdonationstobreakthefinancialblockade.Nakamotoexpressedfirmopposition,believingthatБиткойнisstillinitscradleandcannotwithstandconflictsanddisputes.Sevendayslater,onDecember12,hepublishedhislastarticleintheБиткойнforum,mentioningsomeminorissuesinthelatestversionofthesoftware,andthenstoppedshowingup,andtheemailcommunicationwasgraduallyterminated.

Кандидат за Нобелова награда по икономика

In2015,UCLAFinanceProfessorBhagwanChowdhrynominatedSatoshiNakamotoforthe2016NobelPrizeinEconomics.candidate.

BhagwanChowdhrysaid:"TheinventionofБиткойнissimplyrevolutionary.Nakamoto’scontributionwillnotonlycompletelychangethewaywethinkaboutmoney,butitislikelytooverturnthecentralbank’smonetarypolicy.Itwilldestroythehigh-costremittanceservicessuchasWesternUnion,completelyeliminatethe2-4%intermediarytransactiontaxchargedbyVisa,MasterCard,andPayPal,andeliminatethetroublesomeandexpensivenotaryandintermediaryservices.Infact,itItwillcompletelychangethewayoflegalcontracts."

Trueidentityguessing

Nakamotorarelyrevealshistrueinformation.InhispersonalprofileontheP2PFoundationwebsite,heclaimedtobea37-year-oldmalelivinginJapan.However,thisiswidelysuspected.HisEnglishwritingisasproficientandauthenticashismothertongue,buthehasneverusedJapanese.UsinghisnametosearchtheInternet,unabletofindanyinformationrelatedtothisperson.Varioussignsindicatethat"NakamotoSatoshi"("NakamotoTetsushi")maybeafictitiousidentity.NakamotoswitchedbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinhisspeechesandprocedures,andhespokeonlinerandomlyatdifferenttimesthroughouttheday.Thisshowsthatheeitherdeliberatelyconcealedhisnationalityandtimezone,orwasmanipulatedbymultiplepeoplebehindhisaccount.However,basedontheanalysisofhislanguagehabitsandtimestatistics,somepeoplebelievethathemaybeaBritishorIrishlivinginthecentralorwesternUnitedStates.LaszloHanyecz,whousedtoworkontheБиткойнcoredevelopmentteam,believesthatitsalgorithmdesignistoosophisticated,sothatitisnotlikeapersoncandoitalone.

MochizukiShinichi

InMay2012,computerscientistTedNelson(TedNelson)believedthatSatoshiNakamotowastheJapanesemathematicianShinichiMochizuki(ShinichiMochizuki),andbelievedthathisSmartenough,theresearchfieldincludesthemathematicalalgorithmsusedbyБиткойн.Moreimportantly,Mochizukidoesnotusetheconventionalacademicpublishingmechanism,butisusedtoworkingalone,lettingothersunderstandafterpublishingthepaper.However,somepeoplequestionedthatthecryptographyrequiredtodesignБиткойнwasnotMochizuki'sresearchinterest.Mochizukihimselfdeniedit.

Никсааб

InDecember2013,thebloggerSkyeGreyconcludedthathistrueidentitywasaformerGeorgeWashingtonUniversityprofessorthroughaquantitativestylisticanalysisofNakamoto’sthesisNickSabo.Saabispassionateaboutdecentralizedcurrenciesandhaspublishedapaperon"bitgold",andisconsideredapioneerofБиткойн.Heisalsoafamouspersonwholikestousepseudonymssincethe90s.

InanarticleinMay2011,SabosaidwhentalkingaboutthecreatorofБиткойн:“PeopleIknowareinterestedenoughinthisideaandcanputitintopractice.Originallytherewereonlythreepeople:myself,WeiDaiandHalFinney.LaterNakamotoappeared(assumingthatNakamotoisnotFinneynorDavid)."

ДорианЗонгТова

Themostwell-knownspeculationoccurredonMarch6,2014.NewsweekreporterLeahMcGrathGoodmanpublishedanarticlesayingthathehadfoundtherealNakamoto,aJapanese-AmericanlivinginCalifornia,namedDorianNakamoto,and"ZheShi"washimNameatbirth.Inadditiontothesamename,Goodmanalsofoundsomesupportingevidence.OneofthemostpowerfulisthatwhenGoodmaninterviewedandaskedБиткойнquestionsinperson,Dorian’sanswerseemedtoconfirmhisidentityasthefatherofБиткойн:"IIamnolongerinvolvedinitandcannotdiscussit.Ithasbeentransferredtoothers.Theyarenowincharge.Ihavenocontact."TheauthenticityofthisstatementwasalsoconfirmedbytheLosAngelesCountypolicewhowerepresentatthetime.

Afterthereportwasmadepublic,itwasquestionedandcriticizedbypublicopinion,includingtheБиткойнcommunity,butitalsoattractedgreatinterestfromthemedia.ReportersflockedtoDorian’shouseandsquattedoutside,evenchasinghiscar.However,inalaterformalinterview,DoriandeniedallhisconnectionwithБиткойн,sayingthathehadneverheardofit,butmisunderstoodGoodman'squestion,thinkingshewasaskingaboutconfidentialworkshehadundertakenfromthemilitary..

Laterthatday,SatoshiNakamotohimselfstoodupanddeniedit.HisfirstmessageintheP2PFoundationaccountafterfiveyearsofdusting,said:"IamnotDorianNakamoto."

Крейг Стивън Уайт

InDecember2015,WiredMagazinereportedthatAustralianscholarКрейг Стивън УайтislikelytobethedeityofSatoshiNakamoto.Atthesametime,healsopointedoutthatmaybeitwasjustacleverscamhedesignedtomakeusbelievethatheisSatoshiNakamotohimself.UntilMay2,2016,AustralianentrepreneurКрейг Стивън УайтpubliclyadmittedthathewasSatoshiNakamotowhoinventedБиткойн,andforthefirsttimeanyonepubliclyadmitted.TheevidenceisSatoshiNakamoto’sencryptedsignaturefile,butthesuspectedfilecanbefoundanddownloadedonthedarkwebaslongasitisaslightlymoreadvancedhacker.Ithaslongbeencirculatedinmanycomputermastercircles.TheprivatekeyoftheБиткойнaddressinblock9,butthisprivatekeymaybeobtainedbyearlyБиткойнdevelopersortheircloseones.

ThemostcriticalproofisthefirsttransactionaddressofБиткойнthatimportedБиткойнto2009.ThisaddressisdeemedtobeownedbySatoshiNakamotoandtheperformanceisrequiredtoberemitted.TheBBCreportersent0.017БиткойнsImported,butdidnotrepatriateintheend.TheBBCJournalwroteoffandhisinterviewfootage,claimingthathewastheinventorofБиткойн.However,theauthenticityofCraig'sstatementandevidencehasbeenwidelyquestioned.Whenthekeyevidencewasrequestedinthefinalstage,Craigrefusedandpublishedablogpostabouthim.

Други спекулации

TherearesomeotherindividualsorgroupsthatarebelievedtobetherealpersonofSatoshiNakamoto.Theseinclude:

• FinnisheconomicsociologistDrViliLehdonvirtaandIrishcryptographygraduatestudentMichaelClear.Thetwodenieditseparately.

• GermanandAmericanresearchersNealKing,VladimirOksmanandCharlesBry.TheyhadjointlyappliedfortheregistrationofaБиткойн-relatedpatent,andthedomainnamebitcoin.orgoftheofficialwebsiteoftheБиткойнprojecthappenedtoberegisteredonthethirddayafterthepatentapplicationwasfiled.Allthreedeniedthisspeculation.

• GavinAndresen,chiefscientistoftheБиткойнFoundation,JedMcCaleb,founderoftheБиткойнtradingplatformMt.Gox,oragovernmentagency.

• DustinD.Trammell,anAmericanentrepreneurandsecurityresearcher,buthepubliclydeniedit.

• SomepeoplethinkthatSatoshiNakamoto'snameisactuallyacombinationoffourcompanynames,includingSamsung(Samsung)andToshiba(Toshiba),Zhongdao(Nakamichi),andMotorola(Motorola),implyingthatБиткойнwasactuallyjointlydevelopedbythesefourcompaniesandusedSatoshiNakamoto,thepseudonymof"SatoshiNakamoto"waspublished.

Анотация

1. NakamotoonlycommunicatesinEnglishontheInternet,signedbyRomajiform"SatoshiNakamoto",butDidnotsayhowitshouldbewritteninJapanese.Japanesemediausuallytranslateitas"中本哲史"(Japanese:中本哲史/なかもとさとし),whileChinesemediaoftenuse"中本聪".ThepronunciationofthetwoinJapaneseisthesame.Japaneseissometimesdirectlytransliteratedas"サトシ・ナカモト"intheformofkatakana.