Rivoluzione industriale

Rivoluzione industriale (rivoluzione industriale)

Theemergenceandwidespreaduseofsteamengineshavealsopromotedthemechanizationofotherindustrialsectorsandcausedacomprehensivereformofengineeringtechnology.Inindustry,ithasledtothevigorousriseofmachinemanufacturing,steelindustry,andtransportationindustry,andinitiallyformedacompleteindustrialtechnologysystem;inscience,ithaspromotedtheestablishmentofthermodynamicstheory.Theindustrialrevolutionisasocialchangecenteredonthetechnologicalrevolution.Inthischange,scienceandtechnologyhaveplayedapivotalrole,resultingintremendousprogressinsocialproductivity,andforthefirsttimetheproductivityfunctionofscienceandtechnologyhasbeenhighlighted.

Theconceptualframeworksystemoftheindustrialrevolution

Therearemanydifferenttheoreticalframeworksystemsfortheanalysisoftheindustrialrevolution,themostimportantofwhichareSchumpeter'stheoryofinnovationandKondratyeHusband’slongwavetheoryandRostow’stakeofftheory.

Schumpeter'stheoryofinnovation

AworkpublishedbytheAmericanAustrianeconomistJosephAlosisSchumpeter(1883-1950)in1912In"TheoryofEconomicDevelopment",hefirstproposedhisfar-reachinginnovativetheory,andthenheusedtheopportunitytoreprintthebookandpublishotherworkstocontinuouslysupplementandimprovethetheory,makingthistheorythemostimportantinhiseconomictheorysystem.Importanttheoriesandformthebasisofmanyofhisothertheories.

Kondratiev's longwavetheory

Kondratyev(NikolaiDimitrievichKondratiev,1892—1941)wasanactiveRussianscholarbeforeandaftertheOctoberRevolution.Awell-knowneconomist,hisreputationmainlycomesfromlongwavetheory.Theso-called"longwave"referstoacyclicalfluctuationthatalternatesbetweenriseanddeclineintheprocessofeconomicgrowth.SincethecycleobservedbyKondratievissignificantlylongerthantheothertwoeconomicfluctuationcyclesthatpeoplehaveobserved,the"UgraCycle"andthe"KitchenCycle",itiscalledalongwaveoralongcycle.

Rostow'stheory ofeconomicgrowthstages

In1960,theAmericaneconomistWaltWhitmanRostow(WaltWhitmanRostow)wrotein"StagesofEconomicGrowth"Heputforwardhis"economicgrowthstagetheory",whichdividedacountry'seconomicdevelopmentprocessintofivestages.In1971,headdedthesixthstageto"PoliticsandGrowthStages".Thesixstagesofeconomicdevelopmentarethetraditionalsocialstage,thereadytotakeoffstage,thetake-offstage,thematurestage,themassconsumptionstage,andthebeyondmassconsumptionstage.

Related Articles
TOP