Teollinen vallankumous

IndustrialRevolution (Teollinen vallankumous)

Theemergenceandwidespreaduseofsteamengineshavealsopromotedthemechanizationofotherindustrialsectorsandcausedacomprehensivereformofengineeringtechnology.Inindustry,ithasledtothevigorousriseofmachinemanufacturing,steelindustry,andtransportationindustry,andinitiallyformedacompleteindustrialtechnologysystem;inscience,ithaspromotedtheestablishmentofthermodynamicstheory.Theindustrialrevolutionisasocialchangecenteredonthetechnologicalrevolution.Inthischange,scienceandtechnologyhaveplayedapivotalrole,resultingintremendousprogressinsocialproductivity,andforthefirsttimetheproductivityfunctionofscienceandtechnologyhasbeenhighlighted.

Theconceptualframeworksystemoftheindustrialrevolution

Therearemanydifferenttheoreticalframeworksystemsfortheanalysisoftheindustrialrevolution,themostimportantofwhichareSchumpeterin innovaatioteoriaandKondratyeHusband’slongwavetheoryandRostow’stakeofftheory.

Schumpeterin innovaatioteoria

AworkpublishedbytheAmericanAustrianeconomistJosephAlosisSchumpeter(1883-1950)in1912In"TheoryofEconomicDevelopment",hefirstproposedhisfar-reachinginnovativetheory,andthenheusedtheopportunitytoreprintthebookandpublishotherworkstocontinuouslysupplementandimprovethetheory,makingthistheorythemostimportantinhiseconomictheorysystem.Importanttheoriesandformthebasisofmanyofhisothertheories.

Kondratjevin pitkän aallon teoria

Kondratyev(NikolaiDimitrievichKondratiev,1892—1941)wasanactiveRussianscholarbeforeandaftertheOctoberRevolution.Awell-knowneconomist,hisreputationmainlycomesfromlongwavetheory.Theso-called"longwave"referstoacyclicalfluctuationthatalternatesbetweenriseanddeclineintheprocessofeconomicgrowth.SincethecycleobservedbyKondratievissignificantlylongerthantheothertwoeconomicfluctuationcyclesthatpeoplehaveobserved,the"UgraCycle"andthe"KitchenCycle",itiscalledalongwaveoralongcycle.

Rostowin teoria talouskasvun vaiheista

In1960,theAmericaneconomistWaltWhitmanRostow(WaltWhitmanRostow)wrotein"StagesofEconomicGrowth"Heputforwardhis"economicgrowthstagetheory",whichdividedacountry'seconomicdevelopmentprocessintofivestages.In1971,headdedthesixthstageto"PoliticsandGrowthStages".Thesixstagesofeconomicdevelopmentarethetraditionalsocialstage,thereadytotakeoffstage,thetake-offstage,thematurestage,themassconsumptionstage,andthebeyondmassconsumptionstage.

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