Генераторсет
Firstofall,theconceptofgeneratorset:Генераторсетreferstopowergenerationequipmentthatcanconvertmechanicalenergyorotherrenewableenergyintoelectricalenergy.
Generally,ourcommongeneratorsetsareusuallydrivenbythefollowing:steamturbine,waterturbineorinternalcombustionengine(gasolineengine,dieselengineandothergenerators),windenergy,solarenergy,biomassenergy,oceanenergy,etc.Themarketfordieselgeneratorsisthelargest,mainlyduetothelargecapacityofdieselgenerators,whichcanoperateinparallelandhavealongcontinuouspowersupplytime,andcanalsooperateindependently.Itdoesnotoperateinparallelwiththeregionalgridandisnotaffectedbygridfailures.ReliabilityHigher.Especiallywhenthecommonlyusedcommercialpowerinsomeareasisnotveryreliable,usingdieselgeneratorsasabackuppowersourcecannotonlyserveasanemergencypowersource,butalsothroughreasonableoptimizationofthelow-voltagesystem,someofthemoreimportantloadsatordinarytimescanbecutoff.Whenused.Therefore,itiswidelyusedinengineering.
Класификација
Therearemanyformsofgenerators,buttheirworkingprinciplesarebasedonthelawofelectromagneticinductionandthelawofelectromagneticforce.Therefore,thegeneralprincipleofitsconstructionis:useappropriatemagneticandconductivematerialstoformmagneticcircuitsandcircuitsthatconductelectromagneticinductionwitheachothertogenerateelectromagneticpowerandachievethepurposeofenergyconversion.
Theclassificationofgeneratorscanbesummarizedasfollows:
GeneratorDCgenerator,ACgeneratorsynchronousgenerator,asynchronousgenerator(rarelyused)
Alternatorcanalsobedividedintosingle-phasegeneratorandthree-phasegenerator.
Структура
Generatorsareusuallycomposedofstators,rotors,endcoversandbearings.
Thestatoriscomposedofastatorcore,wire-wrappedwindings,abaseandotherstructuralpartsthatfixtheseparts.Thefunctionofthestatoristogeneratealternatingcurrent.
Теротор је састављен од језгра ротора (или магнетног пола, магнетног јарма) намотаја, заштитног прстена, центрирања, клизног прстена, вентилатора и ротирајућег вратила.
Theprincipleisthatthestatorandtherotorofthegeneratorareconnectedandassembledbythebearingandtheendcover,sothattherotorcanrotateinthestatorandcutthemovementofthemagneticlinesofforce,therebygeneratinganinducedelectricpotential,whichisledoutthroughtheterminalandconnectedtotheIntheloop,acurrentisgenerated.
Принцип
Usingtheprincipleofelectromagneticinductioninwhichtheelectricpotentialisinducedbythecuttingofmagneticlinesofforce,themechanicalenergyoftheprimemoverisconvertedintoelectricalenergyoutput.Thesynchronousgeneratoriscomposedoftwoparts:astatorandarotor.Thestatoristhearmaturethatgenerateselectricity,andtherotoristhemagneticpole.Thestatoriscomposedofanarmatureironcore,athree-phasewindinguniformlydischarged,abaseandanendcover,etc.Therotorisusuallyahiddenpoletype,consistingofanexcitationwinding,anironcoreandashaft,aguardring,andacenterring.Theexcitationwindingoftherotorisenergizedwithadirectcurrenttoproduceanearlysinusoidaldistributedmagneticfield(calledtherotormagneticfield),anditseffectiveexcitationmagneticfluxintersectswiththestationaryarmaturewinding.Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfieldoftherotorrotatesatthesametime,witheachrevolution,themagneticlinesofforcesequentiallycuteachphasewindingofthestator,andathree-phaseACelectricpotentialisinducedinthethree-phasestatorwinding.Whenthegeneratorisrunningwithasymmetricalload,thethree-phasearmaturecurrentiscombinedtoproducearotatingmagneticfieldwithasynchronousspeed.Theinteractionbetweenthestatormagneticfieldandtherotormagneticfieldproducesabrakingtorque.Fromthesteamturbine/waterturbine/gasturbine,theinputmechanicaltorqueovercomesthebrakingtorquetoperformwork.
Инсталација
Tostartthedieselgeneratorsetwithelectricity,thestepsare:checkwhethertheelectricshockcontactofthestartermotorandelectromagneticoperatingmechanismisgood.Checkwhetherthepowercordiscorrect.Checkwhetherthereisdirtoroxidationonthebatteryterminal,whichshouldbepolishedclean.Firstcheckwhethertheelectro-hydraulicproportionofthestartingbatteryiswithintherangeof1.240~1.280.Iftheproportionislessthan1.180,itindicatesthatthebatteryisinsufficient.
Theinstallationandinspectionstepsofthealternatorareasfollows:
Wheninstallingthegenerator,ensurethatthecoolingairinletisunobstructed,andavoidtheexhaustedhotairfromenteringthegeneratoragain.Ifthereareshuttersontheventilationcover,thewindowshouldfacedowntomeettherequirementsoftheprotectionlevel.Forthemechanicalcouplingofsingle-bearinggenerators,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuniformairgapbetweenthestatorandrotor.
TheACgeneratoriscoupledwiththedieselgenerator,andtheparallelismandconcentricityofthecouplingarerequiredtobelessthan0.05mm.Inactualuse,therequirementcanbeslightlylower,about0.1mmorless,toolargereturnaffectsthenormaloperationofthebearing,resultingindamage,andthecouplingshouldbefixedwithpositioningpins.Thecouplingconditionshouldberetestedbeforeinstallation.
ThereareU,V,W,Nmarksontheterminalofthegeneratoroutletbox,whichdoesnotmeanthattheactualphasesequencedependsonthedirectionofrotation.UVWisprintedonthecertificatetoindicatetheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingclockwise,andVUWistheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingcounterclockwise.
Whentheslidingbearinggeneratoriscoupled,theheightofthecenterofthegeneratorshouldbeadjustedslightlytothecenterofyourdieselengine,sothattheweightoftheflywheelonthedieselenginewillnotbetransferredtothegeneratorbearing,otherwiseitwillgenerateelectricityThebearingofthemachinewillbeartheweightoftheflywheel,whichisnotconducivetotheformationoftheoilfilmoftheslidingbearing,resultinginheatgenerationandevenburningofthebearing.Noheavyobjectscanbecarriedonthecouplingofthistypeofgenerator.
Iftheneutralpointofeachgeneratorinthepowersupplysystemisconnectedtoeachother,ortheneutralpointofthegeneratorisconnectedtotheneutralpointofthetransformeranditsload,theneutrallinewillgooutwhentheunitisrunningNeutralcurrentat3timesthefrequency.Therefore,theneutralcurrentofthegeneratormustbemeasuredundervariousloadconditionsthatmayoccurduringoperation.Inordertopreventthegeneratorfromoverheating,theneutralcurrentmustnotexceed50%ofthegenerator'sratedcurrent.Theneutrallinepoweristoolarge,andaneutrallinereactorshouldbeinstalledontheneutrallinetolimitit.
Accordingtotheschematicdiagramorwiringdiagram,selecttheappropriatepowercableandusecopperconnectorsforwiring.Afterthecopperconnectorandthebusbararetightened,thelocalgapatthejointshouldnotbegreaterthan0.05mm,Thedistancebetweenthewiresisnotmorethan10mm,andthenecessarygroundingwiremustbeinstalled.
Специфицатионсфорусе
(1)Thegroundpolarityofthebatterymustbethesameasthatofthealternator.Theconsequenceofnotfollowingthespecificationisthatthediodewillbedamagedduetothelargecurrentdischargeofthediode.
(2)Whenthesixdiodesoftherectifiertubeareconnectedtothestatorwinding,itisabsolutelyforbiddentouseameggeror220VACpowersupplytochecktheinsulationofthealternator.Otherwise,itiseasytocausethediodetobreakdownandbedamaged.
(3)Aftertheengineisturnedoff,theignitionswitchshouldbeturnedoff.Iftheflameisnotturnedoffintime,thebatterywillcontinuetodischarge,whichwillaffectthemagneticfieldandshortenthebatterylife.
(4)Whenthealternatorisrunning,thefiretestmethodcannotbeusedtocheckwhetheritisgeneratingelectricity.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(5)Thegroundformoftheregulatorandthealternatormustbethesame,otherwisethealternatorwillnotbeabletooutputvoltageduetonomagneticfieldcurrent.Andthevoltagelevelofthetwoshouldbethesame,otherwisethechargingsystemcannotworknormally.
(6)Itisfoundthatthealternatorisnotgeneratingelectricityorthechargingcurrentissmall,andthefaultshouldbeeliminatedintime,andthewireconnectionbetweenthealternatorandthebatteryshouldbefirm.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(7)Whenthealternatorisinstalledontheengine,thecenterofthepulleygrooveofthealternatorshouldbealignedwiththecenterofthepulleygrooveoftheengine,andtheappropriateV-belttightnessshouldalsobeset.
(8) Приликом постављања клинастог појаса, снажно причврстите предњи поклопац алтернатора. У супротном, компоненте ће бити оштећене под притиском.
Операција
Корак
1.Припреме
Disconnectthehigh-voltageswitchinthepowerdistributionroom,andturnontheisolatingswitchtogenerateelectricityLocation.
1.Turntheisolatingswitchofthegeneratorroomtothepowergenerationposition.
2.Checkthecoolingwater,lubricatingoil,andfuelstorageconditionsofthegenerator,andreplenishitintimeifanyshortageisfound.
3.Checkwhethertheconnectingparts,fastenersandoperatingpartsareloose,fallingoffandstuck.Whethertheconnectionofeachwireisfirm,correctandingoodcontact.
4.Openthecontrolcabinetunderthegeneratoroperationscreen,closethestartswitch,andwaitforthedisplaytobepowered.Pressthepageupanddownkeystoviewtherelatedoperationrecordsofthegenerator,andifanyabnormalsituationisfound,dealwithitimmediatelyandgetreadyforpowergeneration.
Друго, старттандрун
1.Pressthestartbuttontostartthegenerator,andpayattentiontowhetherthereismechanicalnoise,abnormalvibration,etc.atthesametime.
2.Duringoperation,theoperatorcloselymonitorsthevoltage,frequency,current,powerfactor,oiltemperature,oilpressure,watertemperature,chargingcurrent,speedandotherinstrumentindicationsandchangesofthegeneratorsetthroughtheinstrument.Whenthespecifiedvalueisexceeded,checkandtakemeasuresintime,andthencontinuetorunafterreturningtonormal.
3.Theemergencystopbuttononthecontrolpanelisonlyusedinemergencysituations.Afterpressingthebutton,thegeneratorwillstopimmediately,andanaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissuedatthesametime.
4.Afterthegeneratorisrunningnormally,turnonthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch),andthegeneratorwillsupplypowertotheelectricload.
3.Заустављање
1.Afterthemainspowerisnormal,graduallycutofftheloadanddisconnectthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch).
2.Underno-loadconditions,graduallyreducethespeedtoidlespeed,andstoptheengineagainwhenthewaterandoiltemperatureofthedieselenginedropsbelow70°C.
3.Disconnectthestart-upcontrolpowersupply,andswitchtheisolationswitchtothemainspositionaccordingtotheoperatingsequence.
Метод
Ручно управљање
(1)Провера пре покретања:
1.Турнонтхеповер.
2. Проверите да ли су следеће ставке нормалне:
(1)Ниво воде у резервоару
(2)Енгинеоиланддиеселоилевел
(3)Напон батерије
(4) Ниво воде у батерији
3.Checkthecontrolpanel,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition,closethedetectionswitch,andwhenthedisplayisnormal,turnonthedetectionswitch,Eachmetershoulddisplayzero,andtheindicatorlightshowsshutdown.
(2) Покретање
1.Switchthemainswitchtothemanualstartposition,thegeneratorshouldstartimmediately,andtheindicatorlightshowsnormal.
2.Observevariousinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel,andtheyshouldoperatenormally.
3.Ако треба да радите са оптерећењем, затворите прекидач за напајање.
(3) Гашење
1.Firstcutofftheback-endloadandthenturnoffthepoweroutputswitch.
2.Након пет минута рада без оптерећења, пребаците мрежни прекидач у положај заустављања.
3.Aftercheckingthateverythingisnormal,switchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,andclosethepoweroutputswitch.
Аутоматицоператион
(1)Pleaserefertomanualoperationforinspectionworkbeforestarting,butafterinspection,switchthegeneratortoautomaticstartstateandcloseitPoweroutputswitch.
(2) Покретање:cutoffthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritstartsautomatically.
(3) Гашење:TurnonthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritautomaticallyswitchesthepowersupplyandautomaticallyshutsdown.
Три, хитно гашење
(1)Intheeventofanemergency,whenthegenerator'sownprotectiondevicerefusestostart,emergencyshutdownshouldbeperformedandthemainswitchshouldbeswitchedtotheoffposition.
(2)Aftertheemergencyshutdown,performacomprehensiveinspectionofthegeneratorimmediatelyandresumenormaloperationassoonaspossible.
Белешка:
1.No-loadoperationofthegeneratorshallnotexceedfifteenminutes.
2. Након што генератор почне да ради, проверите ниво воде, ниво уља, ниво дизела, напон батерије и течност батерије у генератору како бисте задржали нормално стање.
3.Anoperationrecordshallbemadeforeachdetectionorautomaticstart-upoperation.
Одржавање
Нормално одржавање
No-loadtestmachineonceaweek,runningtime10-15minutes,inordertofindtheproblemintimeandensurethatthebatteryhassufficientcapacityForthegeneratortostart.
1.Beforemaintenance,theautomaticairswitchofthegeneratorshouldbecutoff,themainswitchshouldbeplacedinthestopposition,andthepositiveandnegativepowercordsofthebatteryshouldbefoldofftoconfirmthatthegeneratorcannotbestarted.
2.Checkthebatteryelectrolytelevel,ifitisinsufficient,addsulfuricacidsolutionordistilledwateraccordingtoitsconcentration.
3.Calculatethecumulativeoperatingtimeofthegeneratorsincethelasttimeitwasraised.Theairfiltershouldbecleanedevery50hours,andtheoilfilter,dieselfilter,andwaterfiltershouldbereplacedevery250hours.Filterelement.
4.Checkwhethertheunitisleakingwateroroil,andcleanthegeneratorbody.
5.Connectthebatterypowercordandconnectorsproperly,andthetestfailureindicatorlightsshouldallbeon.
6.Проверите да ли је жица за уземљење добра.
7.Checktheoperatingconditionoftheexhaustfanintheengineroom,andwhetherthedieseloilissufficienttorunforeighthours.
8.Checkwhetherthecoldwaterlevelandengineoillevelarenormal.
9.Afterthemanualtestmachinerunsnormally,turnontheautomaticairswitchofthegenerator,andswitchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,performasimulatedpowerfailuretest,andobservetheautomaticstartofthegenerator.
10.Runthegeneratorwithloadforonehour,andobservewhethertheinstrumentindicatorsandtheunitareoperatingnormally.
11.Попуњавање евиденције о раду и евиденцији одржавања.·
Тецхницалмаинтенанце
Dieselgeneratorsetscanbedividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheirusageconditions:oneisbasedonmainspower,andtheotherisbasedonpowergeneration.Themachineisthemainpowersupplydevice.Thereisabigdifferenceintheusagetimeofthegeneratorsinthetwocases.Themaintenanceofdieselgeneratorsisgenerallydeterminedbytheaccumulatedhoursofstartingup.Thefirstpowersupplymethodmentionedaboveonlytestsforafewhourspermonth,suchasaccumulatedtotwoorthreetechnologies.Тецхницалмаинтенанцеaftermaintenancehoursistoolong.Therefore,itshouldbeflexiblygraspedaccordingtothespecificsituationandtimelytechnicalmaintenancecaneliminatetheundesirablephenomenaofthemachineassoonaspossible,ensurethattheunitisingoodcondition,andextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Therefore,inordertomakethedieselengineworknormallyandreliably,thetechnicalmaintenancesystemofthedieselenginemustbeimplemented.Thetechnicalmaintenancecategoriesaredividedinto:
Прво, инспекција одржавања првог нивоа (свакодневно или недељно)
2.Инспекција одржавања 2. нивоа (сваких 250 сати или једног месеца)
Level3maintenanceinspection(every1500hoursorhalfayear)
Белешка:1.Level3maintenance","Mediumrepairandmaintenance"and"overhaulandmaintenance"shouldbecompletedbyaprofessionaldieselgeneratormaintenancecompany.
2.Thestandbygeneratorshouldbeturnedonandrunforabout10minutesonaregularbasistoevaporatethemoistureinthedieselenginebodytopreventmoisture.,Anti-corrosion,etc..
(1),одржавање првог нивоа
Цхецктхеоиллевел
Usethedieselengineoildipsticktochecktheoillevel.InordertogetaccurateTheoillevelshouldbeshutdownfor15minutesandcheckwhentheoilreturnstotheoilpan.Theoillevelshouldbematchedwiththeoriginaloilpan.Keeptheoillevelasclosetothehigh"H"markaspossible.
Warning:Neveroperatethedieselenginewhentheoilmarkislowerthanthelowmark"L"orhigherthanthehighmark"H"(ifnecessary,addengineoilofthesamequalityandgradeinthedieselengine).
Проверите систем хлађења
Keepthecoolingliquidfilleduptotheworkingsurface,checkthecoolingliquidleveleverydayoreverytimebeforestartingthemachine,analyzethereasonofthecoolingliquidconsumption,andcheckthecoolingliquidlevel,onlyafterthecoolingsystemiscooled.
Проверите прикључке на усисној цеви
Проверите прикључке на усисној цеви,whethertheclampisloose,whetherthehoseiscracked,perforatedorworn,whetherthereisahosebreakorForotherdamages,tightentheclamporreplacepartsasneededtoensurethattheairintakesystemiswellsealedandthatallairpassesthroughtheairfilter.
Визуелни преглед
CheckifthereisoutsideairLeakage,leakageofcoolantoroil.Tightenthescrewconnections,joints,etc.orreplacethegasketasneeded.Checktheoildipstickforeachfuelingpipecovertoseeifitistightlytightened.
Цхецкфордамаге
Checkthefuelsystem,etc.,includingtheerrorinvestigationorbumpsofthefuelpump,andcheckallconnectionsforleakageordamage.
Цхецктхедривебелт
Inspectwhetherthefan,waterpump,chargerbeltisdamagedorloose.Ifthebuckleisdamaged,replaceitwithanewone.Andadjustthetightness.Ifnecessary,askaprofessionaltechniciantoadjust.
Маттерстонотедурингмаинтенанце
1.Тхелубрицатингоилпрессуреислов.
2.Инсуффициентповер.
3.Тхецоолантороилтемпературеистоохигх.
4. Прекомерна потрошња расхладне течности, уља и горива.
5.Мотор звучи ненормално, боја дима је ненормална, а издувна цев дима је црвена.
Нотесвхенусингфакелоад
1.Тхелоадингпроцессис25%,50%,75%,100%.
2.Ревисетхеацтуалповерусед.
3.Рунфоронехоуратфулллоад.
4.Observetheoutputparametersofthedieselengineatalltimesduringtheloadingprocess.