Generaattorisarja
Firstofall,theconceptofgeneratorset:Generaattorisarjareferstopowergenerationequipmentthatcanconvertmechanicalenergyorotherrenewableenergyintoelectricalenergy.
Generally,ourcommongeneratorsetsareusuallydrivenbythefollowing:steamturbine,waterturbineorinternalcombustionengine(gasolineengine,dieselengineandothergenerators),windenergy,solarenergy,biomassenergy,oceanenergy,etc.Themarketfordieselgeneratorsisthelargest,mainlyduetothelargecapacityofdieselgenerators,whichcanoperateinparallelandhavealongcontinuouspowersupplytime,andcanalsooperateindependently.Itdoesnotoperateinparallelwiththeregionalgridandisnotaffectedbygridfailures.ReliabilityHigher.Especiallywhenthecommonlyusedcommercialpowerinsomeareasisnotveryreliable,usingdieselgeneratorsasabackuppowersourcecannotonlyserveasanemergencypowersource,butalsothroughreasonableoptimizationofthelow-voltagesystem,someofthemoreimportantloadsatordinarytimescanbecutoff.Whenused.Therefore,itiswidelyusedinengineering.
Luokittelu
Therearemanyformsofgenerators,buttheirworkingprinciplesarebasedonthelawofelectromagneticinductionandthelawofelectromagneticforce.Therefore,thegeneralprincipleofitsconstructionis:useappropriatemagneticandconductivematerialstoformmagneticcircuitsandcircuitsthatconductelectromagneticinductionwitheachothertogenerateelectromagneticpowerandachievethepurposeofenergyconversion.
Theclassificationofgeneratorscanbesummarizedasfollows:
GeneratorDCgenerator,ACgeneratorsynchronousgenerator,asynchronousgenerator(rarelyused)
Alternatorcanalsobedividedintosingle-phasegeneratorandthree-phasegenerator.
Rakenne
Generatorsareusuallycomposedofstators,rotors,endcoversandbearings.
Thestatoriscomposedofastatorcore,wire-wrappedwindings,abaseandotherstructuralpartsthatfixtheseparts.Thefunctionofthestatoristogeneratealternatingcurrent.
Therotori koostuu etulevyn ytimestä (tai magneettinapasta, magneettipyörästä) käämyksestä, suojarenkaasta, keskitysrenkaasta, liukurenkaasta, tuulettimesta ja pyörivästä akselista.Terotorin toiminto tuottaa magneettikentän. Asennettu staattorin sisään.
Theprincipleisthatthestatorandtherotorofthegeneratorareconnectedandassembledbythebearingandtheendcover,sothattherotorcanrotateinthestatorandcutthemovementofthemagneticlinesofforce,therebygeneratinganinducedelectricpotential,whichisledoutthroughtheterminalandconnectedtotheIntheloop,acurrentisgenerated.
Periaate
Usingtheprincipleofelectromagneticinductioninwhichtheelectricpotentialisinducedbythecuttingofmagneticlinesofforce,themechanicalenergyoftheprimemoverisconvertedintoelectricalenergyoutput.Thesynchronousgeneratoriscomposedoftwoparts:astatorandarotor.Thestatoristhearmaturethatgenerateselectricity,andtherotoristhemagneticpole.Thestatoriscomposedofanarmatureironcore,athree-phasewindinguniformlydischarged,abaseandanendcover,etc.Therotorisusuallyahiddenpoletype,consistingofanexcitationwinding,anironcoreandashaft,aguardring,andacenterring.Theexcitationwindingoftherotorisenergizedwithadirectcurrenttoproduceanearlysinusoidaldistributedmagneticfield(calledtherotormagneticfield),anditseffectiveexcitationmagneticfluxintersectswiththestationaryarmaturewinding.Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfieldoftherotorrotatesatthesametime,witheachrevolution,themagneticlinesofforcesequentiallycuteachphasewindingofthestator,andathree-phaseACelectricpotentialisinducedinthethree-phasestatorwinding.Whenthegeneratorisrunningwithasymmetricalload,thethree-phasearmaturecurrentiscombinedtoproducearotatingmagneticfieldwithasynchronousspeed.Theinteractionbetweenthestatormagneticfieldandtherotormagneticfieldproducesabrakingtorque.Fromthesteamturbine/waterturbine/gasturbine,theinputmechanicaltorqueovercomesthebrakingtorquetoperformwork.
Asennus
Tostartthedieselgeneratorsetwithelectricity,thestepsare:checkwhethertheelectricshockcontactofthestartermotorandelectromagneticoperatingmechanismisgood.Checkwhetherthepowercordiscorrect.Checkwhetherthereisdirtoroxidationonthebatteryterminal,whichshouldbepolishedclean.Firstcheckwhethertheelectro-hydraulicproportionofthestartingbatteryiswithintherangeof1.240~1.280.Iftheproportionislessthan1.180,itindicatesthatthebatteryisinsufficient.
Theinstallationandinspectionstepsofthealternatorareasfollows:
Wheninstallingthegenerator,ensurethatthecoolingairinletisunobstructed,andavoidtheexhaustedhotairfromenteringthegeneratoragain.Ifthereareshuttersontheventilationcover,thewindowshouldfacedowntomeettherequirementsoftheprotectionlevel.Forthemechanicalcouplingofsingle-bearinggenerators,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuniformairgapbetweenthestatorandrotor.
TheACgeneratoriscoupledwiththedieselgenerator,andtheparallelismandconcentricityofthecouplingarerequiredtobelessthan0.05mm.Inactualuse,therequirementcanbeslightlylower,about0.1mmorless,toolargereturnaffectsthenormaloperationofthebearing,resultingindamage,andthecouplingshouldbefixedwithpositioningpins.Thecouplingconditionshouldberetestedbeforeinstallation.
ThereareU,V,W,Nmarksontheterminalofthegeneratoroutletbox,whichdoesnotmeanthattheactualphasesequencedependsonthedirectionofrotation.UVWisprintedonthecertificatetoindicatetheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingclockwise,andVUWistheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingcounterclockwise.
Whentheslidingbearinggeneratoriscoupled,theheightofthecenterofthegeneratorshouldbeadjustedslightlytothecenterofyourdieselengine,sothattheweightoftheflywheelonthedieselenginewillnotbetransferredtothegeneratorbearing,otherwiseitwillgenerateelectricityThebearingofthemachinewillbeartheweightoftheflywheel,whichisnotconducivetotheformationoftheoilfilmoftheslidingbearing,resultinginheatgenerationandevenburningofthebearing.Noheavyobjectscanbecarriedonthecouplingofthistypeofgenerator.
Iftheneutralpointofeachgeneratorinthepowersupplysystemisconnectedtoeachother,ortheneutralpointofthegeneratorisconnectedtotheneutralpointofthetransformeranditsload,theneutrallinewillgooutwhentheunitisrunningNeutralcurrentat3timesthefrequency.Therefore,theneutralcurrentofthegeneratormustbemeasuredundervariousloadconditionsthatmayoccurduringoperation.Inordertopreventthegeneratorfromoverheating,theneutralcurrentmustnotexceed50%ofthegenerator'sratedcurrent.Theneutrallinepoweristoolarge,andaneutrallinereactorshouldbeinstalledontheneutrallinetolimitit.
Accordingtotheschematicdiagramorwiringdiagram,selecttheappropriatepowercableandusecopperconnectorsforwiring.Afterthecopperconnectorandthebusbararetightened,thelocalgapatthejointshouldnotbegreaterthan0.05mm,Thedistancebetweenthewiresisnotmorethan10mm,andthenecessarygroundingwiremustbeinstalled.
Tekniset tiedot käyttöä varten
(1)Thegroundpolarityofthebatterymustbethesameasthatofthealternator.Theconsequenceofnotfollowingthespecificationisthatthediodewillbedamagedduetothelargecurrentdischargeofthediode.
(2)Whenthesixdiodesoftherectifiertubeareconnectedtothestatorwinding,itisabsolutelyforbiddentouseameggeror220VACpowersupplytochecktheinsulationofthealternator.Otherwise,itiseasytocausethediodetobreakdownandbedamaged.
(3)Aftertheengineisturnedoff,theignitionswitchshouldbeturnedoff.Iftheflameisnotturnedoffintime,thebatterywillcontinuetodischarge,whichwillaffectthemagneticfieldandshortenthebatterylife.
(4)Whenthealternatorisrunning,thefiretestmethodcannotbeusedtocheckwhetheritisgeneratingelectricity.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(5)Thegroundformoftheregulatorandthealternatormustbethesame,otherwisethealternatorwillnotbeabletooutputvoltageduetonomagneticfieldcurrent.Andthevoltagelevelofthetwoshouldbethesame,otherwisethechargingsystemcannotworknormally.
(6)Itisfoundthatthealternatorisnotgeneratingelectricityorthechargingcurrentissmall,andthefaultshouldbeeliminatedintime,andthewireconnectionbetweenthealternatorandthebatteryshouldbefirm.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(7)Whenthealternatorisinstalledontheengine,thecenterofthepulleygrooveofthealternatorshouldbealignedwiththecenterofthepulleygrooveoftheengine,andtheappropriateV-belttightnessshouldalsobeset.
(8)Kun asennat V-hihnan, työnnä laturin etukansi voimakkaasti. Muuten komponentit vaurioituvat paineen alaisena.
Operaatio
Vaihe
1. Valmistelut
Disconnectthehigh-voltageswitchinthepowerdistributionroom,andturnontheisolatingswitchtogenerateelectricityLocation.
1.Turntheisolatingswitchofthegeneratorroomtothepowergenerationposition.
2.Checkthecoolingwater,lubricatingoil,andfuelstorageconditionsofthegenerator,andreplenishitintimeifanyshortageisfound.
3.Checkwhethertheconnectingparts,fastenersandoperatingpartsareloose,fallingoffandstuck.Whethertheconnectionofeachwireisfirm,correctandingoodcontact.
4.Openthecontrolcabinetunderthegeneratoroperationscreen,closethestartswitch,andwaitforthedisplaytobepowered.Pressthepageupanddownkeystoviewtherelatedoperationrecordsofthegenerator,andifanyabnormalsituationisfound,dealwithitimmediatelyandgetreadyforpowergeneration.
Toiseksi, aloita ja juokse
1.Pressthestartbuttontostartthegenerator,andpayattentiontowhetherthereismechanicalnoise,abnormalvibration,etc.atthesametime.
2.Duringoperation,theoperatorcloselymonitorsthevoltage,frequency,current,powerfactor,oiltemperature,oilpressure,watertemperature,chargingcurrent,speedandotherinstrumentindicationsandchangesofthegeneratorsetthroughtheinstrument.Whenthespecifiedvalueisexceeded,checkandtakemeasuresintime,andthencontinuetorunafterreturningtonormal.
3.Theemergencystopbuttononthecontrolpanelisonlyusedinemergencysituations.Afterpressingthebutton,thegeneratorwillstopimmediately,andanaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissuedatthesametime.
4.Afterthegeneratorisrunningnormally,turnonthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch),andthegeneratorwillsupplypowertotheelectricload.
3.Pysäytys
1.Afterthemainspowerisnormal,graduallycutofftheloadanddisconnectthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch).
2.Underno-loadconditions,graduallyreducethespeedtoidlespeed,andstoptheengineagainwhenthewaterandoiltemperatureofthedieselenginedropsbelow70°C.
3.Disconnectthestart-upcontrolpowersupply,andswitchtheisolationswitchtothemainspositionaccordingtotheoperatingsequence.
Menetelmä
Käsikäyttö
(1)Tarkista ennen käynnistystä:
1.Kytke virta.
2.Tarkista, ovatko seuraavat kohteet epänormaaleja:
(1) Vesisäiliön vedenkorkeus
(2)Moottorin öljy- ja dieselöljytaso
(3) Akun jännite
(4) Akun veden taso
3.Checkthecontrolpanel,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition,closethedetectionswitch,andwhenthedisplayisnormal,turnonthedetectionswitch,Eachmetershoulddisplayzero,andtheindicatorlightshowsshutdown.
(2) Käynnistys
1.Switchthemainswitchtothemanualstartposition,thegeneratorshouldstartimmediately,andtheindicatorlightshowsnormal.
2.Observevariousinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel,andtheyshouldoperatenormally.
3.Jos haluat käyttää kuormaa, suljevirtalähdekytkin.
(3) Sammutus
1.Firstcutofftheback-endloadandthenturnoffthepoweroutputswitch.
2.Viiden minuutin kuormittamattoman käytön jälkeen kytkepääkytkinpysäytysasentoon.
3.Aftercheckingthateverythingisnormal,switchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,andclosethepoweroutputswitch.
Automaattinen toiminta
(1)Pleaserefertomanualoperationforinspectionworkbeforestarting,butafterinspection,switchthegeneratortoautomaticstartstateandcloseitPoweroutputswitch.
(2) Käynnistys:cutoffthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritstartsautomatically.
(3) Sammutus:TurnonthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritautomaticallyswitchesthepowersupplyandautomaticallyshutsdown.
Kolme, hätäsammutus
(1)Intheeventofanemergency,whenthegenerator'sownprotectiondevicerefusestostart,emergencyshutdownshouldbeperformedandthemainswitchshouldbeswitchedtotheoffposition.
(2)Aftertheemergencyshutdown,performacomprehensiveinspectionofthegeneratorimmediatelyandresumenormaloperationassoonaspossible.
Huomautus:
1.No-loadoperationofthegeneratorshallnotexceedfifteenminutes.
2.Kun generaattorit ovat käynnistyneet, tarkista generaattorin vesitaso, öljyn määrä, dieselin taso, akun jännite ja akkuneste, jotta generaattori pysyy normaalitilassa.
3.Anoperationrecordshallbemadeforeachdetectionorautomaticstart-upoperation.
Huolto
Normaali huolto
No-loadtestmachineonceaweek,runningtime10-15minutes,inordertofindtheproblemintimeandensurethatthebatteryhassufficientcapacityForthegeneratortostart.
1.Beforemaintenance,theautomaticairswitchofthegeneratorshouldbecutoff,themainswitchshouldbeplacedinthestopposition,andthepositiveandnegativepowercordsofthebatteryshouldbefoldofftoconfirmthatthegeneratorcannotbestarted.
2.Checkthebatteryelectrolytelevel,ifitisinsufficient,addsulfuricacidsolutionordistilledwateraccordingtoitsconcentration.
3.Calculatethecumulativeoperatingtimeofthegeneratorsincethelasttimeitwasraised.Theairfiltershouldbecleanedevery50hours,andtheoilfilter,dieselfilter,andwaterfiltershouldbereplacedevery250hours.Filterelement.
4.Checkwhethertheunitisleakingwateroroil,andcleanthegeneratorbody.
5.Connectthebatterypowercordandconnectorsproperly,andthetestfailureindicatorlightsshouldallbeon.
6.Tarkista, onko maadoitusjohto hyvä.
7.Checktheoperatingconditionoftheexhaustfanintheengineroom,andwhetherthedieseloilissufficienttorunforeighthours.
8.Checkwhetherthecoldwaterlevelandengineoillevelarenormal.
9.Afterthemanualtestmachinerunsnormally,turnontheautomaticairswitchofthegenerator,andswitchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,performasimulatedpowerfailuretest,andobservetheautomaticstartofthegenerator.
10.Runthegeneratorwithloadforonehour,andobservewhethertheinstrumentindicatorsandtheunitareoperatingnormally.
11.Täytä käyttö- ja huoltoasiakirjat.·
Tekninen huolto
Dieselgeneratorsetscanbedividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheirusageconditions:oneisbasedonmainspower,andtheotherisbasedonpowergeneration.Themachineisthemainpowersupplydevice.Thereisabigdifferenceintheusagetimeofthegeneratorsinthetwocases.Themaintenanceofdieselgeneratorsisgenerallydeterminedbytheaccumulatedhoursofstartingup.Thefirstpowersupplymethodmentionedaboveonlytestsforafewhourspermonth,suchasaccumulatedtotwoorthreetechnologies.Tekninen huoltoaftermaintenancehoursistoolong.Therefore,itshouldbeflexiblygraspedaccordingtothespecificsituationandtimelytechnicalmaintenancecaneliminatetheundesirablephenomenaofthemachineassoonaspossible,ensurethattheunitisingoodcondition,andextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Therefore,inordertomakethedieselengineworknormallyandreliably,thetechnicalmaintenancesystemofthedieselenginemustbeimplemented.Thetechnicalmaintenancecategoriesaredividedinto:
Ensimmäinen,ensimmäisen tason huoltotarkastus (päivittäin tai viikoittain)
2.2.tason huoltotarkastus (250 tunnin välein kuukaudessa)
Level3maintenanceinspection(every1500hoursorhalfayear)
Huomautus:1.Level3maintenance","Mediumrepairandmaintenance"and"overhaulandmaintenance"shouldbecompletedbyaprofessionaldieselgeneratormaintenancecompany.
2.Thestandbygeneratorshouldbeturnedonandrunforabout10minutesonaregularbasistoevaporatethemoistureinthedieselenginebodytopreventmoisture.,Anti-corrosion,etc..
(1),ensimmäisen tason huoltotarkastus
Tarkista öljytaso
Usethedieselengineoildipsticktochecktheoillevel.InordertogetaccurateTheoillevelshouldbeshutdownfor15minutesandcheckwhentheoilreturnstotheoilpan.Theoillevelshouldbematchedwiththeoriginaloilpan.Keeptheoillevelasclosetothehigh"H"markaspossible.
Warning:Neveroperatethedieselenginewhentheoilmarkislowerthanthelowmark"L"orhigherthanthehighmark"H"(ifnecessary,addengineoilofthesamequalityandgradeinthedieselengine).
Tarkista jäähdytysjärjestelmä
Keepthecoolingliquidfilleduptotheworkingsurface,checkthecoolingliquidleveleverydayoreverytimebeforestartingthemachine,analyzethereasonofthecoolingliquidconsumption,andcheckthecoolingliquidlevel,onlyafterthecoolingsystemiscooled.
Tarkista tuloputken liitäntä
Tarkista tuloputken liitäntä,whethertheclampisloose,whetherthehoseiscracked,perforatedorworn,whetherthereisahosebreakorForotherdamages,tightentheclamporreplacepartsasneededtoensurethattheairintakesystemiswellsealedandthatallairpassesthroughtheairfilter.
Silmämääräinen tarkastus
CheckifthereisoutsideairLeakage,leakageofcoolantoroil.Tightenthescrewconnections,joints,etc.orreplacethegasketasneeded.Checktheoildipstickforeachfuelingpipecovertoseeifitistightlytightened.
Tarkista vaurioiden varalta
Checkthefuelsystem,etc.,includingtheerrorinvestigationorbumpsofthefuelpump,andcheckallconnectionsforleakageordamage.
Tarkista käyttöhihna
Inspectwhetherthefan,waterpump,chargerbeltisdamagedorloose.Ifthebuckleisdamaged,replaceitwithanewone.Andadjustthetightness.Ifnecessary,askaprofessionaltechniciantoadjust.
Tärkeää huollossa
1.Voiteluöljynpaine on alhainen.
2. Riittämätön teho.
3.Jäähdytysnesteen lämpötila on liian korkea.
4.Jäähdytysnesteen,öljyn ja polttoaineen liiallinen kulutus.
5.Moottoreiden ääni on epänormaali,savun väri on epänormaali jasavunpoistoputki on punainen.
Huomautuksia käytettäessä väärennettyä latausta
1.Latausprosessi25%, 50%, 75%, 100%.
2.Tarkista todellinen käytetty teho.
3. Suorita yksi tuntitäysi kuorma.
4.Observetheoutputparametersofthedieselengineatalltimesduringtheloadingprocess.