Úvod do charakteristiky
JohnRogersSearle (narozen 31. července 1932 v Denveru, USA), profesor filozofie.
Hemainlystudiesthe"purposiveness"oflanguage.Hedisagreeswiththeterm"strongartificialintelligence",andbelievesthatperceptionappearsintheentirephysicalcharacteristicsofacreature.Humanconsciousnesshasapurpose,whilecomputershavenopurpose,socomputershavenoconsciousness.
Hediscoveredthecharacteristicsofapurposephenomenonandcalledit"suitabledirection".Forexample,whensomeoneseesaflower,hisstateofconsciousnessissuitableforthestateoftheoutsideworld.Theappropriatedirectionforthisprocessisfromconsciousnesstotheworld.Butifhereachesouttopickthisflower,thenhewilladaptthestateoftheexternalworldtohisstateofconsciousness.Therefore,theappropriatedirectionatthistimeisfromtheworldtoconsciousness.Healsoproposedatechnicalconceptcalled"background".Thisconcepthascausedsomephilosophicaldiscussions.Inshort,the"background"isthesurroundingenvironmentofapurposefulaction,whichincludestheactor'sknowledgeoftheworldandothers'understandingandknowledgeofhispurpose.
Pět bodů
Hetheoreticallyprovedthecollectivepurposeofasocialenvironment.Putforwardfivearguments:
1.Collectivepurposeactivitiesexist,andtheyarenotthesameasthesumofnon-personalpurposeactivities.
2.Collectivepurposescannotbereducedtopersonalpurposes.
3. Výše uvedené argumenty mají dvě omezení:
A.Asocietyisonlycomposedofindividuals,andasocietyhasnoindependentgroupawarenessorgroupawareness;
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B.Thepurposeofanindividualorgrouphasnothingtodowiththeauthenticityofpersonalbeliefs.
Inordertosatisfythesearguments,heinventedawayofdescribingcollectivepurposetoconnectcollectivepurposeandindividualpurpose,whileatthesametimedistinguishingthetwo.Theresultisthatindividualpurposecanconstitutecollectivepurpose.Toconstituteacollectivepurpose,onemustknowthatotherscanparticipateinhispurpose.Therefore:
4.Thepremiseofcollectivepurposeistounderstandthebackgroundofothersasmembersofsociety:otherscanparticipateinthecollectivesports.
Spojením těchto argumentů dohromady získáte:
5.Thetheoryofpurposeandtheabovebackgroundcanexplainthepurposeofcollective.
Heapplieshisanalysisofpurposetothestructureofsociety.Hisinterestliesinhowcertainaspectsofourworldbecomethecommonpurposeofusingtheseaspects.Forexample,afive-yuanbanknoteonlybecomesafive-yuanbanknotebasedonitscollectivepurpose[lackofthiscollectivepurpose,forexample,inanothercountry(region),thisbanknoteisjustapieceofpaperwithpatterns].Onlybecauseeveryoneinthesocietythinksitisworthfiveyuancanitfulfillitstraderole.Thishasnothingtodowithwhetherthegovernmentsupportsitsvalue(ifeveryonedoesnottrustitsvalue,thenevenifthegovernmentforcesit,itwillstillnotgetitsvalue,whichiswhythereisablackmarketprice).Thiskindofsocialstructurefillsourlives.Thelanguageweuse,ourownershipofourprivateproperty,andourrelationshipswithotherpeopleareallbasedonthispurpose.
Hisresearchresultsonsocialstructureareverydifferentfromotherargumentsthatdonotagreewithsuchfactsthathavenothingtodowithconsciousness.Hebelievesthatwhatwecalltruthisasocialstructure.
Incident sexuálního přepadení
OnMarch21,2017,JoannaOng,a24-year-oldChinesefemaleassistant,accusedHillerofsexualharassmentandbroughtHillerandtheUniversityofCaliforniaboardofdirectorstocourt.Askforcompensationforsexualharassmentandsexualassault.
OngbecameHiller’sassistantinJuly2016.Afteraweekofwork,everythingchangedforHiller.Hebegantoflirtwiththefemaleassistantandevenmovehisfeet.HillerrepeatedlyassuredOngthathewouldbeabletomeetallherneedsinlife,aslongasshemaintaineda"fulltrust"relationship.
S Hillerem jsme diskutovali o americkém imperialismu, ale Hiller řekl: Americký imperialismus? Zní to skvěle, pojďme se naučit a praktikovat to teď (Americký imperialismus? Ohboy, to zní skvěle, miláčku! Pojďme to udělat a udělat to hned!).
Ong’sprosecutionhasplungedtheinternationalphilosophicalcommunityintoasexscandal.
AccordingtoareportbytheAmericanmediaBuzzFeedonMarch24,Hillerhasstoppedhisundergraduatephilosophycoursethismonth,butretainshishonorarytitle.