Characterrelationship
Oprava chyb vypnutí
WifeIrenaYorio-Curie Byla nahlášena chyba481062
Father-in-lawPierre·Curie Byla nahlášena chyba5289216
Mother-in-lawMarie·Curie AnoByla nahlášena chyba3675053.
Život
JeanFrederickYorio-Curie,1900BorninParis,France,hegraduatedfromÉcoleSupérieuredePhysiqueetdeChimieIndustriellesdelaVilledeParis.In1925,hebecameMadameCurie'sassistantattheInstitutCurie.Soon,hefellinlovewithMrs.Curie'seldestdaughter,IreneCurie,andshortlyaftertheirmarriagein1926,thecouplealsochangedtheirsurnamesto"JorioCurie".AtMarie'sinsistence,Jeanobtainedabachelorofscience(baccalauréat)andadoctorofsciencedegreewhileengagedintheelectrochemicalanalysisofradioactiveelements.
DuringhistenureasalecturerattheParisAcademyofSciences,hecollaboratedwithhiswifeonthestudyofatomicstructure,focusingonatomicrays.TheyhavemissedtheNobelPrizetwice:
TheJoliot-Curiecouplefirstgotneutronsintheexperiment,buttheyfailedtoidentifythemcorrectlyandthehonorwasultimatelyattributedtoRutherford’sstudents.AboveChadwick,Chadwickwonthe1935NobelPrizeinPhysicsfordiscoveringneutrons.
TheJoliotsandCurieswerethefirsttoobtainpositronsintheexperiment,andbecauseoftheirfailuretocorrectlyidentifythem,thehonorwasfinallyattributedtoCarlDavidAnderson,whowasresponsiblefordiscoveringpositrons.Andwonthe1936NobelPrizeinPhysics.
However,becauseofthediscoveryofstableartificialradioactivity,theywonthe1935NobelPrizeinChemistry.
In1937,helefttheInstituteofRadiologyandbegantoserveasaprofessorattheFrenchAcademy,andparticipatedinthestudyofchainreactionsandnuclearreactionconditions.Hesuccessfullyuseduraniumandheavywatertoachievecontrollablenuclearfissiontogenerateenergy.YoriowasoneofthescientistsmentionedbyEinsteininhislettertoPresidentRoosevelt,andEinsteincalledhimoneoftheleadingscientistsinthechainreaction.However,theSecondWorldWargreatlyhinderedJoliot-Curie'sresearchbecausehebegantoholdadministrativepositionsafterthewar.
Anekdota
Beforehebecamefamous,somepeopleintheFrenchscientificcommunityridiculedhimasa"PrinceConsort"(en:PrinceConsort),thinkingthathewasmarriedThedaughterofMadameCuriewaswell-developed,andhiscombinationofhisownandhiswife'ssurnamesalsocausedalotofcriticism.MadameCurieusedtocomfortherson-in-lawforthis.
Příjmení
Theirsurnameis"Joliot-Curie"insteadof"JoliotCurie".InsomeChinesescientificandtechnologicalliteratureandphysicalmaterials,Joliot-Curie'sThesurnameistranslatedinto"JoliotCurie",thistranslationisnotaccurate;similarly,inEnglishandFrenchscientificliteratureandphysicalmaterials,therearealsoalotofuseof"JoliotCurie"insteadof"Joliot-Curie"Case.Inaddition,thereisalsoasayingthattheJoliots-Curiecouplearecalledthe"littleCuries".ThisusageisoftenusedasacolloquiallanguageinthefieldofphysicsinmainlandChina .Liandhiswife)jsou jiné;EnglishhandTradiční čínština používaná v Hongkongu a Taiwanuneobsahuje jedno prohlášení.Nicméně se používají neoficiální publikace v pevninské Číně „Jolio-Curiecouple“ spíše než „LittleCuriecouple“.
Příjmení „Yorio-Curie“ je podobné čínskému „dvojitému příjmení (rodiče kombinované příjmení)“, ale rozdíl je v tom, že jde pouze o „párová příjmení“ a jejich děti nenásledují své rodiče.
Vliv
·Yorio-Curieisnotonlyafamousnuclearphysicistandchemist,butalsoafamousguardianofpeace.HewassympathetictotheChinesepeople.NotonlydidheactivelyparticipateintherescueofthephysicistZhaoZhongyaowhowasdetainedbytheUnitedStatesinJapanattheinvitationofthestudentQianSanqiang,healsosolemnlysuggestedtoMaoZedongthatChinashouldalsoengageinatomicbombs.ThisisMaoZedong’sdecision.Theonewhotouchedthemost.SeetheTVseries"Five-StarRedFlagFlyingintheWind"fordetails.
Yorio-CurietoldMaoZedongthattodefeattheatomicbomb,youmusthavestrength.ThisisthefirsttimethatMaoZedongpaidattentiontoJoliot-Curie’sproposalaftertheoutbreakoftheKoreanWarin1950afterMaoZedong’sfamousthesisthat“theatomicbombisapapertiger”whenhemetwithStrongin1946,anddeterminedtodevelopatomicenergyscience.