Úvod
Specifická definice
Wiener,thefounderofcybernetics,believesthatinformationisinformation,notmatterorenergy.Inotherwords,informationisdifferentfrommatterandenergy.Atthesametime,thereisalsoacloserelationshipbetweeninformation,matterandenergy.Matter,energy,andinformationarethethreemajorelementsthatmakeuptherealworld.
Aslongasthereisamutualconnectionandinteractionbetweenthings,informationwillhappen.Allactivitiesinhumansocietycannotbeseparatedfrominformation.Informationhaslongexistedintheobjectiveworld,butpeoplefirstunderstandmatter,thenenergy,andfinallyinformation.
Informationhasusevalue,canmeetpeople'sspecialneeds,andcanbeusedtoservesociety.However,realizingthatinformationisanindependentresourcehasbeenathingsincethe1980s.
TheresearchteamofHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesgavethefamousresourcetriangle.Theypointedout:withoutmatter,nothingexists;withoutenergy,nothingwillhappen;withoutinformation,nothinghasmeaning.
Asaresource,matterprovidespeoplewithavarietyofmaterials;energyprovidesavarietyofpower;informationprovidesavarietyofknowledge.
Informationisuniversal,butnotallinformationisaresource.Onlyinformationthatmeetscertainconditionscanconstitutearesource.Forinformationresources,therearenarrowandbroaddefinitions:
Narrowinformationresourcesrefertoinformationitselforinformationcontent,thatis,datathatisprocessedandusefulfordecision-making.Thepurposeofdevelopingandutilizinginformationresourcesistogivefullplaytotheutilityofinformationandrealizethevalueofinformation.
Inabroadsense,informationresourcesrefertothegeneraltermofvariouselementsininformationactivities."Elements"includeinformation,informationtechnology,andcorrespondingequipment,funds,andpeople.
Thenarrowviewhighlightsthatinformationisthecoreelementofinformationresources,butignoresthe"system".Infact,ifthereareonlycoreelementsandno"support"parts(technology,equipment,etc.),organicconfigurationcannotbecarriedout,andthemaximumutilityofinformationasaresourcecannotbeexerted.
Tosumup,itcanbeconsideredthatinformationresourcesarecomposedofthreeelements:informationproducers,information,andinformationtechnology.
(1)Informationproducersareworkerswhoproduceinformationforacertainpurpose,includingoriginalinformationproducers,informationprocessorsorinformationreproducers.
(2)Informationisnotonlytherawmaterialofinformationproduction,butalsotheproduct.Itistheresultofthelaboroftheinformationproducer,hasadirecteffectonvarioussocialactivities,andisthetargetelementofinformationresources.
(3)Informationtechnologyisageneraltermforvarioustechnologiesthatcanextendorexpandhumaninformationcapabilities.Itisthecollection,processing,andprocessingofsound,image,textandotherdataandvarioussensorsignals.Technologyofstorage,deliveryandutilization.Asaproductiontool,informationtechnologyprovidessupportandguaranteeforinformationcollection,processing,storageandtransmission.
Hlavní rysy
Comparedwithnaturalresourcesandmaterialresources,informationresourceshavethefollowingcharacteristics:
(1)Lze znovu použít a jeho hodnota se při použití odráží;
(2)Theuseofinformationresourceshasastronggoalorientation,anddifferentinformationreflectsdifferentvaluesindifferentusers;
(3)Je integrovaná. Lidé ji hledají a používají, aniž by byli omezeni časem, prostorem, jazykem, regionem a průmyslem;
(4)Itissocialwealth,andnoonehastherighttobuytherighttouseinformationinfullorpermanently;Itisacommoditythatcanbesold,tradedandexchanged;
(5) Je kapalný.
Thegeneralcharacteristicsofinformationresourcesaseconomicresources:
(1) Lidská poptávka jako výrobní faktor.
(2) Nedostatek: Nedostatek je nejzákladnější ekonomickou vlastností ekonomických zdrojů.
(3)Theselectivityofthedirectionofuse:Regardingtheeffectiveallocationofinformationresources,thisisduetothestrongpermeabilityofinformationresources.
Comparedwithmaterialresourcesandenergyresources,itsuniquecharacteristics:
(1) Sdílení.
(2)Včasnost:Výhody lze využít pouze tehdy, když je správný čas.
(3)Dynamic:Informationresourceisadynamicresource,presentingatrendofcontinuousenrichmentandgrowth.
(4)Inseparability:Theinseparabilityofinformationshowsitsinseparabilityintheproductionprocess.
(5)Rozlišení:Informace jako zdroj musí být zcela odlišné.
(6) Dominance (tj. dominance): Dominance se týká schopnosti informačních zdrojů rozvíjet a kontrolovat další zdroje.
Vývojový proces
(1)Traditionalmanagementstage:Fromthe1950stothe1970s,themanagementoftextualinformationresourcesrepresentedbylibrariesandinformationoffices;
(2)Informationmanagementstage:thelate1970sto1980s,withcomputerapplicationanddataprocessingastypicalrepresentatives;
(3)Informationresourcemanagementstage:1980sto1990s,Representedbyanetworkplatform,alargenumberofdatabases,andinformationprocessingtechnology,withinformationexchange,informationsharing,andinformationapplicationasthecontent,andinformationresourcemanagementthatregardsinformationresourcesasthemaineconomicresourcesformanagement;
(4)KnowledgeManagementstage:Sincethe1990s.Theformationanddevelopmentofknowledgemanagementisbasedontheshortcomingsofinformationresourcemanagement.Itpaysmoreattentiontocommunicationwithpeople,learning,knowledgeassets,competitiveadvantagesandinnovation.Linkingstructuredinformationwithunstructuredinformationandpeople'srulesforusinginformationhavemadebetteruseofknowledge.
Vývoj a využití
Informationresourcesareunlimited,renewable,andsharable;theirdevelopmentandutilizationwillgreatlyreducetheconsumptionofmaterialsandenergyandreducepollution.Theuniversewheremankindandtheeartharelocatedhasgeneratedalargeamountofmatter,energyandinformationintheinfinitetimeandinfinitespaceofitsexistence.Inthelimitedtimeandspaceofitsexistence,humanbeingsconsumealotofmaterialsandenergy,andalsogeneratealotofinformation.Theearthonwhichwehumansdependisultimatelygoingtobedestroyed.However,afterthedestructionoftheearth,informationresources,astheheritageofmankind,canexistforalongtimeintheuniverse.
Tovigorouslypromotethedevelopmentandutilizationofinformationresources,itmustbedrivenbydemand,combinedwithinformationapplications,andpayspecialattentiontopracticalresults.
(1)Publishandimplementlawsandregulationsrelatedtothedevelopmentandutilizationofnationalinformationresources,formulatecorrespondingplans,strengthentheoverallmanagementofthedevelopmentandutilizationofinformationresources,standardizethemarketbehaviorofinformationservices,andpromotethesharingofinformationresources.
(2)Activelycarryoutpilotdemonstrationprojects,extensivelyutilizeinformationresourcesinvariousfieldsofthenationaleconomyandsociety,andpromotethetransformationofinformationresourcesintosocialproductiveforces.
(3)Buildseveralnational-leveldataexchangeservicecentersandabatchofnational-levellarge-scaledatabasestoformbasicresourcestosupportgovernmentdecision-makingandsocialservices.
(4)IncreasethedevelopmentofChineseinformationresources,encourageInternetapplicationservices,andencouragethesharingofinformationresources.
(5)Coordinatetheformulationofstandardsforthedevelopmentandutilizationofinformationresources.
Funkce
TheterminformationresourcesfirstappearedinVorolko's"Canada'sInformationResources".
Informationresourcesarethegeneraltermforalldocuments,data,chartsanddatainvolvedintheproductionandmanagementprocessofanenterprise.Itinvolvesallinformationresourcesgenerated,acquired,processed,stored,transmittedandusedinthecourseofenterpriseproductionandbusinessactivities,andrunsthroughtheentireprocessofenterprisemanagement.Information,togetherwithenergyandmaterials,arelistedasthethreemajorresourcesintheworldtoday.Informationresourceswidelyexistinvariousfieldsanddepartmentsoftheeconomyandsociety.Itisareflectionofvariousconditionsandrelationships,suchastheformsofvariousthings,internallaws,andconnectionswithotherthings.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsociety,informationresourcesarevitaltothedevelopmentofthecountryandthenation,topeople'sworkandlife,andbecomeanimportantstrategicresourcefornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.Itsdevelopmentandutilizationarethecorecontentoftheentireinformationsystem.
Platforma pro správu
Theexplosivedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandtheoverheateddemandforinformationapplicationsingovernments,enterprises,andsocietyhaveturnedinformationresourcesfromtechnologyapplicationsintoubiquitousimportance.Economicresources.Informationresourcesaffecteconomicgrowth,systemreforms,socialchangesanddevelopment,andinformationresourcemanagementtechnologyhasalsomovedfromsingletointegrated,formingalarge-scaleplatformintegratingvarioussoftwarecomponents.TheInformationResourceManagementPlatform(IRMP,InformationResourceManagementPlatform)usedfordistributedinformationresourcemanagementhasbecomethekeytotheadvancementofcurrentandfutureinformatization.
Theinformationresourcesystemplatformisbasedoninformationresources,andisbasedontheNationalInnovationFundprojectCoasecomponentizedERPplatform,LikanginformationresourceintegratedmanagementsystemandLikanginformationresourcestoragesystem,usingcomputernetworksandcommunicationsThesystemisaninformationresourcesystemmanagementplatformarchitecturethatshowsthevalueofresourcestousersthroughinformationresourceprocessingmethodsandreusemethodsthatmeetcustomerneeds.
Principy řízení
1.Itmustberecognizedthatinformationisanorganizationresource.Oneofthemaingoalsofinformationresourcemanagementistoensurethatanorganization'sinvestmentininformationresourcescanbeoptimizedThisrequiresrelevantpersonneltoregardinformationasavaluableresource,andtoregardinformationresourcesharingasaruleratherthananexception.
2.Whenusinginformationresourcesandtechnology,itisnecessarytoensurethattheresponsibilitiesareclearlydefined,thatis,whomanagestheseresources,whousestheseresources,whataretherightsandobligationsofeachother,howtoensurecooperationandresourcesharing,etc..
3.Businessplanningandinformationresourceplanningmustbecloselylinked.Manyactivityfieldsofinformationresourcemanagementpreviouslymainlyreliedonpassiveauxiliarydepartmentsrequiredbyusers.Withtheevolutionofinformationresourcemanagement,itTherelationshipwiththehighestlevelofstrategicplanningisgettingcloserandcloser,andthistrendhasfinallyformedakindofrule.
4.Integratedmanagementofinformationtechnologymustbeimplemented.Integratedmanagementofinformationtechnologyisaprerequisiteforachievinginternalintegrationofinformationresourcemanagement,anecessaryconditionforincreasingpotentialproductivityinanewtechnologicalenvironment,andmaximizingtheuseofinformationThemanagementguaranteeoftheadvantagesoftechnologyintegration.
5.Maximizethequalityofinformation.Improvingtheuseofinformationandpromotingthevalue-addedofinformationarethestrategicgoalsofanorganization.Theultimategoalofinformationresourcemanagementistoenableeverymemberoftheorganizationtobecomeaneffectiveinformationprocessoranddecisionmaker,therebyeffectivelyincreasingtheproductivityofeveryoneandtheentireorganization.