Stručný úvod do knih o historii
"Hanshu"createdthe"Baojugeneration"historystyle."HanShu"includestwelvechaptersinthe"Benji",eightchaptersinthetable,tenchaptersinthe"Zhi",andseventychaptersinthe"Životopis",withatotalofonehundredchapters.Thedescendantsaredividedinto120volumes.ItshistorybeganinthefirstyearofEmperorLiuBangoftheHanDynastyandendedinthefourthyearofEmperorWangMangdi."HanShu"isahistoryofdynasties."BookofHan"changed"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords „jako“Ji“, „Životopis“ jako „Životopis“ a „Kniha“ změněno na „Zhi“, zrušeno „Aristokratická rodina“ a do životopisu byl začleněn zákon o rodině HanDynastyXunchen.. Po těchto změnách následovaly některé pozdější historické knihy.
HanshuAtlas (3 fotografie)
Theerarecordedinthe"Hanshu"overlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleperiodofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,Bothbookshavedescriptions.Inthispart,"HanShu"oftenuses"HistoricalRecords".However,duetodifferencesintheauthor'sideologicalrealmanddifferentmaterialselectionstandards,therearealsoeasyadditions,deletions,andchangeswhentransferring."HanShu"newlyadded"CriminalLawHistory","FiveElementsHistory","GeographyHistory","ArtandLiteratureHistory"."CriminalLawHistory"systematicallydescribedtheevolutionofthelegalsystemandsomespecificlawsandregulationsforthefirsttime."Geography"recordstheadministrativedivisions,historicalevolutionandhouseholdregistrationfiguresofthecountyatthattime,andtherecordsoflocalproperties,economicdevelopment,andfolkcustomsaremoreeye-catching."Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicschoolsandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry."Shihuozhi"evolvedfromthe"levelingbook",butthecontentisricher.Ithastwovolumes.Thefirstvolumetalksabout"food",thatis,theeconomicsituationofagriculture;thesecondvolumetalksabout"goods",thatis,thesituationofcommerceandcurrency,whichisaspecialeconomicchapteratthattime.Intheeighttablesof"HanShu",thereisan"AncientandModernPeople'sTable".FromTaihaoEmperorJitoWuGuang,thereis"ancient"butno"modern",whichhasarousedridiculefromfuturegenerations.Latergenerationshighlypraisedthe"ListofBaiguanGongqing"in"HanShu".ThistablefirstdescribestheestablishmentofQinandHansub-offices,thepowersofvariousofficialpositionsandthenumberofsalaries,andthenitisdividedintofourteenandthirty.Abrieftableoffourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersintheHanDynasty.Itdoesnothavemuchspace,butitclearlyshowsusthebureaucracyandchangesinthebureaucracyatthattime.Thisconcentrationreflectsthedifferencesofthoughtbetweenthetwo.Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQian'sincompleteuseofConfucianismasacriterionforjudgingrightfromwrongisworthyofrecognition.ButBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxthoughtintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory."HanShu"likestouseancientcharactersandwords,whichismoredifficulttoread.
O autorovi
BanGu(32-92AD),thesonofBanBiao,thehistorianoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty,thebrotherofBanChao,whosenameisMengJian,wasborninAnling,Fufeng(TodayXianyang,Shaanxi).BornintheeighthyearofEmperorGuangwuoftheEasternHanDynastyintheHanDynasty,hediedinthefouryearsoftheEasternHanDynastyandEmperorYongyuanattheageofsixty-one.BanGuwassmartsincehewasachild.“Nine-year-oldcanbelongtoliteraryworksandrecitepoetryandfu”,andhehasreadmanybooksasanadult.Heistheauthorof"BaihuTongde"insixvolumes,"HanShu "ve 120 svazcích" a "Ji" v 17 svazcích.
Po smrti BanGu „Osm tabulek“ a „Astronomické záznamy“ v „HanShu“ ještě nebyly dokončeny, takže Han a císař LiuZhao objednali BanGuovu sestru BanZhaotomu „osm tabulek“ a pokračujte v psaní „Astronoma“.
BanZhao(about45AD-about117AD),alsoknownasJi,ZiHuiban,wasborninFufengAnling(nownortheastofXianyang,Shaanxi),ahistorianandwriterofHanDynastyandEasternHanDynasty,Confucianeverybody.ThedaughterofthehistorianBanBiaoandthesisterofBanGu,shemarriedCaoShishufromthesamecountyattheageoffourteen.
MaXu,thewordJize,theyearofbirthanddeathisunknown,anativeofFufengMaoling(nownortheastofXingping,Shaanxi),thegrandnephewofGeneralFuboMaYuan,willbetheseventhsonofmasterMaYan,afamousclassicscholarTheyoungerbrotherofMaRong,ageneralintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.
Proces psaní knihy
Pozadí stvoření
Since"HistoricalRecords"wasonlywrittenintheearlyyearsofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,manypeoplewrotesequelsforitatthattime.Accordingtothe"ShiTongZhengYi"record,therearemorethanadozenpeoplewhohavewrittenthesequelto"HistoricalRecords",includingLiuXiang,LiuXin,FengShang,andYangXiong.Thetitleofthebookisstillcalled"HistoricalRecords."BanGu'sfather,BanBiao(AD3-AD54),wasverydissatisfiedwiththesesequels,sohe"takestheoldthingsandreadsfromthem"as "Historical Records" a "vyrábí šedesát pět" HouChuan. Po smrti BanBiao, BanGu, který byl pouhých 22 let starý, začal zpracovávat otcovy rukopisy, rozhodnuté v podnikání svého otce a dokončit toto mistrovské dílo.
Proces formování
Inthefirstfewyearsofwork,someonewrotetoEmperorMingEmperorofHanMingandreportedthatBanGuwas"privatelywritingahistoryofthecountry."BanGuwasarrestedandimprisoned,andallmanuscriptswereconfiscated.Hisyoungerbrother,BanChao,wrotetoEmperorHanMingandexplainedthatthepurposeofBanGuxiu's"HanShu"wastopraiseHanandsothatfuturegenerationscouldunderstandhistoryandlearnlessonsfromit,withoutslanderingtheimperialcourt.Later,BanGuwasacquittedandEmperorHanMinggavetheBanfamilysomemoneytohelpthemwriteitdown.
TheEmperorofHanMingappreciatedBanGu'stalents,andwascalledLantaiLingshi.Atthattime,LantaiLingshiFuyiwashiscolleague.Bothofthemwerewell-knownfortheirliterature.BanGuandhisyoungerbrotherBanchaosaid:"WuZhongcanbelongtoliterature,andforLantaiLingshi,hecan'trestonhisownwhenhewrites."Allusions.BanGuwasalsoorderedtocompletethebookwrittenbyhisfather.
InthefirstyearofEmperorYongyuanoftheHanDynasty(89AD),DouXianledtroopstodefeattheHuns.BanGuaccompaniedhimontheexpeditionandservedasthedefendingarmy.TheinscriptionofthemountaincomesfromBanGu'shandwriting.
BanGu"doesnotteachthescholars,mostofthemdonotfollowthelaw."LuoyangmakesZhongJingdrunkandscoldedbyBanGu'sdomesticslaves,andhehasnotforgottenhishatred.InthefouryearsofHanandEmperorYongyuan,DouXiancommittedsuicidebylosingpower.BanGuwasimplicatedandremovedfromoffice.ThiskindofcompetitiontookadvantageofDouXian'sfailuretoarrestBanGu,andJapanwashumiliated.BanGudiedinprisonattheageofsixty-one.Atthistime,the"HanShu",theeight"Biao"and"AstronomicalChronicles"werenotcompleted.
BanGu'sbook"HanShu"wasnotcompletedanddied.TheEmperorofHanHeorderedhissisterBanZhaotocontinuetowriteBanGu'sposthumousworkbasedonthedatastoredintheDongguanCollectionPavilion.However,whentheeighttableswerecompleted,BanZhaodied.MaXufromthesamecountywasadiscipleofBanZhao,andhewascalledbytheHanandEmperorstomakeuptheremaining"AstronomicalChronicles".
Katalog prací
Styl kompilace
"Hanshu"isthefirstchronologicalhistoryofChina,andtherecordof"Hanshu"referstotheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty.Mainly,atotalof230yearsofhistoricaleventsstartingfromthefirstyearofEmperorHanGaozuandthelastfouryearsofEmperorMangdi.Thestyleof"HanShu"iscompletelyinheritedfrom"HistoricalRecords",exceptthat"shu"ischangedto"zhi",and"family"ismergedinto"biography".Thewholebookhastwelve"ji",eight"table ",ten"zhi",sedmdesát"biografie",celkem 100 článků,více než 800 000 slov.
IntheTangDynasty,YanShiguthoughtthatthe"HanShu"volumewastooheavy,sohedividedthelongeronesintotheupperandlowervolumesortheupper,middle,andlowervolumes,whichbecamethefirstvolumeofthecurrent"HanShu".Onehundredandtwentyvolumes.
Thehistoricalmaterialsofthe"Hanshu"areveryrichandaccurate.Theerarecordedinthebookoverlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyisdescribedinbothbooks.Thispartof"Hanshu"mostlyusestheold"HistoricalRecords",butduetodifferencesintheauthor'sthoughtsandmaterialselectioncriteria,therearealsoadditions,deletionsandchangeswhentransferring.
InadditiontoabsorbingBanBiao’sposthumouswritingsandthematerialsfrommorethanadozen"HistoricalRecords,"thehistoricaleventsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyadoptedalargenumberofedicts,memorials,poems,andsimilardailylife.Annotated"HanZhuji",astronomicalcalendarbook,andthe"earsandhears"ofBan'sfatherandson.Manyoriginalhistoricalmaterials,BanGuisenteredinfullinthebook,soitismorevaluablethan"HistoricalRecords".
Ji
V "HanShu" je dvanáct "Ji", což je akronika událostí od HanGaozu po HanPingdi.
Althoughitiswritteninthesamewayas"HistoricalRecords",itisnotcalled"Benji",suchas"GaoDiJi","WuDiJi"and"PingDiJi".Sincethe"BookofHan"begantorecordthefirstyearofthefoundingoftheHanGaozu,thecharactersoriginallyinthe"HistoricalRecords·Benji",suchasXiangYu,etc.,werechangedintothe"biography";andbecausetheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastydidnotrecognizetheregimeestablishedbyWangMang—-Thenewdynasty ,takže byl WangMang umístěn do „biografie“ a zařazen na konec biografie.
Biao
V "HanShu" je osm "Biao". Mnoho z klisen na základě staré tabulky v "Historických záznamech" a nové po císaři Wu z HanHistory.
Therecordsofthefirstsixchaptersinclude:"TheListofPrincesandKings"thatrecordstheprincesofthesamesurnameintheearlyHanDynasty,"TheListofPrincesandKingsofDifferentNames"thatrecordstheprinceswithdifferentsurnames,andthe"ChronologyofHeroesandMinisters"fromtheEmperorGaozuoftheHanDynastytoEmperorChengdioftheHanDynasty"Etc.,byrecordingtherulingclasstoachievethepurposeofrespectingtheHan.
Thelasttwoarticleswereaddedtothe"HanShu",including:"BaoGuanGongQingBiao","AncientandModernCharactersTable",amongwhichthe"AncientandModernCharactersTable",BanGutookfromthethreeemperorsandfiveemperorstoQinChuThefamousfiguresinConfucianismaredividedintofourcategoriesandnineclassesbasedonConfucianism,listedinthetable;"BaiguanGongqingTable"introducestheofficialsystemintheQinandHandynastiesindetail.
Zhi
„Zhi“ v „HanShu“ je rozděleno do kapitol, které jsou věnovány historii vzniku a pádu kanonického systému.
Protože „HanShu“ již použilo „shu“ jako hlavní název, aby se předešlo zmatkům, „Kniha“ v „Historických záznamech“ se změní na „zhi“.
Deset „zhi“ z „Hanshu“ bylo vyvinuto jako základ osmi „knih“ „Historických záznamů“. Pro „Liyuezhi“, „Lvshu“ a „Almanach“ byly změněny na „Lvlizhi“; „Tianguanshu“ bylo změněno na „Astronomická kronika“ a „Josi“ na „Fengiachan“ a "HequBook" byl změněn na "GullyRecords" a "LevelingBook" byl změněn na "FoodandGoodsRecords".
Současně byly přečteny „Kroniky trestního práva“, „Kroniky pěti prvků“, „Kroniky umění a literatury“ a „Geografické kroniky“.
Mezi nimi například "Geografie" podrobně popisuje území, architektonickou historii, feudální linii, situaci a zvyky, extravaganci slavných rodin a císařů v pre-Qin, Qin a Western Handynasties.
Thecollectionof"TheFiveElements"iscomposedoftheoriesaboutthecatastropheofthefiveelements.Butfromanotherperspective,large-scalenaturalhistorydataarepreserved.
"Astronomy"preservesalargenumberofastronomicaldataaboutthestars,solareclipses,andlunareclipsesfromancienttimestothefirstbirthdayofEmperorAioftheHanDynasty.
"CriminalLawHistory"summarizesthecriminallawfromancienttimestotheWesternHanDynasty,andpointsouttheheavypunishmentsusedbyEmperorWenwenandEmperorJingofHanDynasty.ItalsopointsouttheevilconsequencescausedbyEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyusingcruelofficials.
"Shihuozhi"detailedtheeconomicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty.
"Gouxiuzhi"describesthewaterconservancyprojectsfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty,andexplainsthestrategyofhydrologymanagement.
Životopis
Thereare70"biographies"in"HanShu",stillaccordingtothelawof"HistoricalRecords",withGongqinggeneralsasbiographiesAtthesametime,itismainlybasedontheorderofthetimes,thefirstistheexclusivebiography,thesecondisthesecondcategory,andthefrontiertribesandforeignbiographyareagain,andfinallytherebelliouscourtier"WangMangŽivotopis"isattheend,andthesystemisdistinct.
Asforthetitlesofthebiography,exceptfor"ŽivotopisofPrincesandKings",allthetitlesaregivenbysurnameorgivenname.
Thesectionaboutscholarsofliteratureinthebiographiesof"HanShu"mostlyrecordstheiracademicandpoliticalcontent."XianliangStrategy"andsoon,thesearenotincludedin"HistoricalRecords".
Thebiographiesinthebiographiesinclude"TheLegendofTheScholars","TheLegendofXunLi","TheLegendoftheRanger","TheLegendofCoolOfficials",etc.Inaddition,the"ŽivotopisoftheOutsiders"and"TheŽivotopisoftheQueenoftheYuanDynasty"wereadded."ZongShiChuan",thesearealsothe"HistoricalRecords"doesnothave.
FortheSiyi,therearethreebiographyof"TheHuns","TheŽivotopisofSouthwesternBarbarianandGuangdongKorea",and"TheŽivotopisofWesternRegions".
Inaddition,imitatingthemeaningof"Taishigong'sPreface",thelastchapterof"Životopis"is"SuŽivotopis",describingitswritingmotive,compilation,legends,etc."Životopis"mainlyrecordstheWesternHanDynasty.Eachchapterofthe"Životopis"isaccompaniedby"praise",i.e.,imitatingthestyleof"Taishigong"attheendofthe"HistoricalRecords"toillustratetheauthor'scriticismoropinionsonpeopleorthings.
Podrobnosti o adresáři
TheJi, rozdělený do dvanácti svazků
HanShuJuanI,GaoDiJiI(thefirstofHanTaizuLiuBang)
HanScrolls, první část Gaodiji (HanTaizu LiuBang)
HanScrollsErhuiDijiSecond (HanHuidiLiuying)
HanShuJuanSanGaoHouJiThird(HanGaoHouLvPhae,HanShaoEmperorLiuGong,HanShaoEmperorLiuHong)
HanShuJuanSiWenDiJiFourth(HanWenEmperorLiuHeng)
HanShujuanWujingdiJiNo.5(HanJingdiLiuQi)
HanShujuanLiuwudiJiNo.6(HanWudiLiuChe)
HanShujuanQizhaodiJiNo.7(HanZhaodiLiuFuling)
HanShujuanEightXuanEmperorJiEighth(HanXuanEmperorLiuXun)
HanShuJuanJiuYuanEmperorJiNinth(HanYuanEmperorLiuShi)
HanShujuanShichengdijiTenth(HanChengdiLiuYu)
HanShujuanShichengdiJixiNo.11(HanAidiLiuxin)
Hanshujuan12The12thPingEmperorJi(HanPingEmperorLiuYan)
Tabulka je rozdělena do osmi kapitol
HanScrolls,thethirteendifferentsurnameprincesandkingstablefirst(LiuPrincesoutsidethefamily)
HanShujuanfourteenprincesandkingsformthesecond(Liuclanprincesandkings)
HanShujuan patnáct princů a princů je třetí
HanShujuan15.Formace prince a Hou,část III
HanShujuan16.GaoHuigaoHouwenMeritoriousList4th
HanShujuan17thJingWuzhaoXuanyuanSuccessfulMinisterListNo.Five
HanShujuaneosmnáct příbuznýchEnzehouformsixth
HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhone
HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhTableSeventhPartII
HanShujuan Dvacet starověkých a moderních lidí, tabulka osmá
Kroniky, rozdělené do kapitol
HanShujuanIITheFirstPartoftheElevenLvsAlmanac(DengPing's"TaichuCalendar")
První část kronik 21LvHanScroll (LiuXinův „SantongCalendar“)
HanShujuan Dvacet dva rituálů a záznamů č. 2
HanShujuan Dvacet tři a Trestní zákon č. 3
HanShujuanTwenty-fourShihuoZhiNo.4
HanShujuanTwenty-FourShihuoZhi,PartIV
HanShujuanTwenty-FiveJiaoSiZhi,FifthPart
HanShuJuanTwenty-FiveJiaoSiZhi,PartFifth
p>HanShujuantwenty-sixthandfifthelementsofthesixthchapter
HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhchapter
HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhmiddleschool
HanShujuan27thFiveElementsHistorySeventhMiddleLower
HanShujuan27thPětElementsHistory7thDolníHorní
HanShuJuan27Sedmá část historie pěti prvků
Osmá část HanShujuan28Geografie
HanShujuan28GeografieKapitolaOsmá
HanShujuantwenty-nineGouXiazhininth
HanShujuanthirtyartandWenzhitenth(accordingtoLiuXiang’s""Nottoberecorded"andLiuXin's"SevenLue")
Životopis,dividedinto70chapters,Gongqingwillbiographthem
HanScroll301ChenShengXiangjiŽivotopisFirst(ChenSheng,XiangJi)
HanShuJuanthirty-twoZhangErChenYuChuantwo(ZhangEr,ChenYu)
HanShuJuanthirty-threeWeiLeopardTianDanHanWangXinChuanthird[WeiBao,TianDan,HanWangXin(notthesamepersonasHanXin.)]
HanScrollThirty-FourHanPengyingLuWuChuanFourth(HanXin,PengYue,TingBu,LuWan,WuRui)
HanScrollThirtyFiveJingYanWuChuandiFive(JingWangLiuJia,YanWangLiuZe,WuWangLiuBi)
HanScroll36ChuYuanWangChuanSixth(ChuYuanWangLiuJiao,LiuXiang,LiuXin)
HanShuJuan37JiBuLuanBuTianShuZhuanseventh(JiBu,LuanBu,TianShu)
HanShuJuanthirtyeighthighfiveWangChuaneighth(LiuFei,LiuRuyi),LiuYou,LiuHui,LiuJian)
HanScrollThirty-nineXiaoHeCaoCanŽivotopisNinth(XiaoHe,CaoCan)
HanScrollFortyZhangChenWangZhouŽivotopisTenth(ZhangLiang,ChenPing,WangLing,ZhouBo)
HanShuVolume41FanLiTengGuanFuJinZhouŽivotopisNo.11(FanKuo,LiShang,XiaHouying,GuanYing,FuKuan,JinShe,ZhouSu)
HanScrollsforty-twoZhangZhou,ZhaoRenandShentuŽivotopistwelfth(ZhangCang,ZhouChang,ZhaoYao,RenAo,Shentujia)
HanScrollsForty-threeLi,Luzhu,LiuShusun'sbiography,thethirteenth(LiShiqi,LuJia,ZhuJian,LiuJing,Shusuntong)(HuainanLiKingLiuChang,HengshanKingLiuCi,JibeiZhenKingLiuBo)
HanShuJuan45KuaiWuJiangXifuŽivotopisNo.15(KuiTong,WuBei,JiangChong,XifuBow)
HanScrollofFortySixteenth,ShiWeizhi,ZhouZhangChuan(ShiFen,WeiWan,Zhibudou,ZhouRen,ZhangOu)
HanScrollfortySeventeenthoftheSeventeenthStoryofThreeKings(LiangXiaoWangLiuWu,DaiXiaoWangLiuCan,LiangHuaiWangLiuYi)
HanShuVolume48JiaYiŽivotopisNo.18(JiaYi)
HanShujuanforty-nineYuanAn,ChaoCuo'sbiography,nineteenth(YuanAn,ChaoCuo)
HanShujuan50ZhangFengjiZhengChuan20(ZhangShizhi,FengTang,JiAn,Zhengthen)
HanScroll51JiaZoumeiLuChuan21(JiaShan,ZouYang,MeiCheng,LuWenshu)
HanScroll52DouTianGuanHanChuan22(DouYing,TianFu,GuanFu,HanAnguo)
HanScrolls,53Scenery,ThirteenWangChuan23(LinjiangMinWangLiuRong,HeJianXianWangLiude,WangLiude,WangLiuyuofLinjiang,WangLiuyuoftheCommunistPartyofChina,LiuFei,KingofJiangduYi,YuWangLiuDuanofJiaoxi,KingZhaoJingsuLiuPengzu,JingWangLiuShengofZhongshan,LiuFaofDingWang,WangLiuYueofGuangchuan,LiuJiofKingKangofJiaodong,LiuChengofKingofQinghe,ChangshanXianwangLiuShun)
HanScrollsfifty-fourLiGuangsuJianzhuantwenty-fourth(LiGuang,SuJian)
HanScrollsfifty-fifthWeiQinghuoQuBingzhuantwenty-fifth(WeiQing,HuoQubing)
HanShuJuan56DongZhongshuŽivotopis26(DongZhongshu)
HanShuJuan57SimaXiangruŽivotopis27th(SimaXiang)Suchas)
HanScroll57SimaXiangruChuan27th Part (SimaXiangru)
HanScroll58Thetwenty-eighthbiographyofGongsunHongbuShierKuan(Gongsunhong,BuShi,NiKuan)
HanShujuan59ZhangTangChuan29(ZhangTang)
HanScroll60DuZhouŽivotopisNo.30(DuZhou)
HanScroll60OneQianLiGuangliŽivotopis31(ZhangQian,LiGuangli)
HanScroll60TheThirty-secondSimaQianŽivotopis(SimaQian)
HanShuJuan63WuZiŽivotopisThirty-third(PrinceLiuZheng,QiHuaiWangLiuHong,YanThornKingLiuDan,GuanglingLiWangLiuXu,ChangThekingofmourning,LiuLi,HaiyunhouLiuhe)
HanScroll64,YanZhuwuqiu,thefatherofXuYanzhong,JiaChuan34th(YanZhu,ZhuMaichen,WuqiuShouwang,FatherYan,XuLe,YanAn,Junjun,WangBao,JiaTuanzhi)
HanScrollsSixty-fiveDongfangShuoChuan35(DongfangShuo)
HanScrollsSixthSixteenGongsunLiuTianWangYangCaiChenZhengChuan36(GongSunHe,LiuQuyao,TianQianqiu,WangYu,YangChang,CaiYi,ChenWannian,ZhengHong)
HanScrollSixSeventeenthSeventeenthStoryofYang,Hu,ZhumeiandYun37(YangWangsun,HuJian,ZhuYun,MeiFu)
HanScroll69,ZhaoChongguo,XinQingjiŽivotopis39(ZhaoChongguo,XinQingji)
HanScroll70FuChangZhengGanChenDuanChuan40(FuJiezi,ChangHui,ZhengJi,GanYanshou,ChenTang,DuanHuizong)
Těchto sedmdesát jedna svitků HanDynasty bylo rozptýleno od XuePinga a čtyřicátého prvního z PengChuan (JunDou, ShuGuang, YuDingguo, XueGuangde, Pingdang, PengXuan)
HanScrolls72WangGongliangGongBaoChuan42(WangJi,GongYu,GongSheng,GongShe,BaoXuan)
HanScrolls73WeiXianŽivotopis43(WeiXian)
HanScrolls74WeiXiangBingjiŽivotopis44(WeiXiang,Bingji)
HanShuJuan75SuiLiangXiaHouJingyiLiChuan45(SuiHong,XiahouShichang,XiaHouSheng,JingFang,YiFeng,LiXun)
HanShuJuan76ZhaoYinHanZhangLiangWangChuan46(ZhaoGuanghan,YinWenggui,HanYanshou,ZhangChang,WangZun,WangZhang)
HanScroll77CoverZhugeLiuZhengSunWuJiangHeChuan47(GaiKuanrao,Zhugefeng,LiuFu,ZhengChong,SunBao,WuJianglong,HeBin)
HanShujuan78XiaoWangZhiŽivotopis48(XiaoWangZhi)
HanShujuan79FengFengshizhuan49(FengFengshi)
HanShujuan80XuanyuanSixWangzhuan50th(HuaiyangXianWangLiuQin,ChuXiaoWangLiuXiao,DongpingsiWangLiuyu,ZhongshanAiWangLiuJing,DingtaoGongWangLiuKang,ZhongshanXiaoWangLiuXing),MaGong)
HanShuVolume82WangShangShiDanFuXiŽivotopis52(WangShang,ShiDan,FuXi)
HanShuVolume83,XueXuan,ZhuBoŽivotopis53(XueXuan,ZhuBo)
HanShuJuan84ZhaiFangjinŽivotopis54(ZhaiFangjin)
HanShuJuan80WuGuYongDuYeChuan55(GuYong,DuYe)
HanShuJuan86HeWuWangJiaShiDanChuan56(HeWu,WangJia,ShiDan)
HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57thPart(YangXiong)
HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57Part(YangXiong)
HanShujuanEighty-EightScholarsŽivotopis58
HanShujuanEighty-NineXunLiZhuan59
HanShuJuanNinetyKuLiŽivotopisNo.6Ten
HanShujuanNinety-oneHuoShizhuan61
HanShujuan Devadesát dva TheLegendof Rangers62
HanShujuanNinety-threeLuckyŽivotopis63
HanScrollsNinety-fourHunsŽivotopis64thPart(TheXiongnu)
HanScrollsNinety-fourHunsŽivotopis64thPart(TheXiongnu)
HanScrollNinety-Five,SouthwesternYi,GuangdongandKoreanŽivotopis65(SouthVietnam,WeishiKorea)
HanScrollNinety-sixWesternRegionŽivotopis66th(WesternRegion)
HanScrollNinety-SixŽivotopisoftheWesternRegions,66thPart(WesternRegions)
HanScrollsNinety-sevenŽivotopisofForeignRelatives,67thPart(foreignrelatives)
HanShujuanNinety-seven,ŽivotopisofForeignRelatives67thPart(Foreignrelatives)
HanShujuanNinety-EightYuanDynastyŽivotopis68(WangZhengjun)
HanShujuanNinetyTheSixty-ninthOneoftheLegendofNineKingsMang(WangMang)
Šedesátá devátá střední škola devadesátá devět WangMangova biografie HanShujuan (WangMang)
JiuXia(WangMang)
HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanFamilyHistory,BanGuPreface)
HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanjiaHistory,PrefacebyBanGu)
slepé střevo
Hanshunarativní příklad
TangZhengyi,secretaryofthedoctor,wassupervisedandsupervisedthefoundingofLangxianCountyAncientessaysbyZiyanshi
ChuJun’spostureofphilosopher,theweightofguardian,thethreevirtuesofsurrender,theversatilityofninestreams,theremainingwindoftheYanHan,thebeginningandthebeginning,thenarrationofYiMengjian,JiaQihong'ssupport,thoughtthattherearestillmanysparsedisordersinclothingandying,andtheSuandJinfamiliescutoffthesand,andtheCai'scompilationisespeciallythescorpion.Sincethepresent,thereisenoughcontempt.Perplexedbytheearlydaysofthepreviousgenerationandthemanydoubtsinthefuture,GuZhaoisquiet,utterlyexhausted,andcorrectstheviolation,stimulatesthedepressionandstagnation,andwilluseitasametaphorfortheteeth,farawayfromthecountry,promotethesilkbelt,andenlightentheyouth.Quowesgreatregulations,preparesfavors,increasesgloryandchangesoutlook,emphasizesthesoundofpriceandflow.Dousun’smaterials,thoughtfulnessandstrength,andstubbornfeet,willeventuallybefar-reaching.Inthelightoftheyear,DaluinthelawissaidtobeTuyue,andhisbookisjustbeginning.Don'tbeashamedofmadness,usesuccinctly,succinctlyrefertoprecedents,andkeepupanddiscussthestyle."HanShu"hasnoannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.areallsoundandmeaning,andtheyareimplementedseparately.Inthemiddleofthenoon,lovehasJinzhuo,thecollectionisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteintendedtoincrease,whenthepredecessorsofthetimedebatewhetherornot,thetitleis"HanshuJizhu".ItbelongedtoYongjia'sfuneralandJinxingbroadcastmoved.Althoughthisbookexists,itwillnotreachJiangzuo.ItistheopinionoflovefromtheEasternJinDynastytoLiangandChen.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,testtheirtime,alsointheearlyJinDynasty,andcollectedallthesoundsandmeaningsofallthefamilies,alittlebitofwhattheysaw,andcontinuedthetoiletattheend.ItissaidthatZhenMingisnotwithoutdifference.Therearetwenty-fourvolumes,dividedintotwopieces.Today'sJiJie,soundandmeaningarehisbook,butlaterpeoplewillnotknowChenZan'swork,itiscalled"JiJie"suchasYingShao.Wang's"SevenRecords"andRuan's"SevenRecords"arealsoinscribedinYunran,withoutexaminingtheears.ScholarsalsoconsideredZan'ssurname,attachedtoAnshi,orYunfuclan,thereisnocleartext,notenoughtowinthetrust.CaiMoquantookthefirstpartofChenZanandscattereditintothe"HanShu",andsincethentherehasbeenanannotation.However,themeaningissuperficial,withoutconcealment,itisanobscurecompilation,andtherearemanyconfusingfacts.Thereasonforthisjobisquitedifferentfrombefore.Moalsohastwoorthreewrongideas,butthescholarshavenoHongyi.
Therearemanyancientcharactersintheoldtextsof"HanShu".Afterthecommentary,thescriptureshavebeenchangedandchanged,andlatergenerationslearnedtoreaditandchangeditwiththemeaningofthemagazine.Today,theancientversionofQucoreistrue,andthosewhoaredifficulttounderstandwillbeexplainedaccordingly.
Ancientandmodernvocabulary,dialectsandspeciallanguage,havenotlearnedtheskin,orfailedtounderstand,ifthemeaningisdoubtful,itwillincreaseanddecrease,strayandforgettoreturn,andthereisalotoffilthandabuse.Alltodayaredeleted,andtheoldisrestored.
Althoughtherearearticlesinthetables,therearemanytexts,whichleadtomiscellaneousmischief,lossoftimebeforeandafter,upanddown,upanddown,mixedinname,andbadinname.Today,Iamlookingforacasestudyofthearticle,thegeneralupdateispublished,clearandstunned,andtheterracesareexaminedandapproved.Intermsofitsarea,itismorelocalized.
Ritual,music,songsandpoems,eachaccordingtotherulesofthetime,shouldbeshortandstylized,andshouldnotbeconsistent.Thereadersareignorant,havenore-understandingofthebrokenchapters,theuncomprehensiveisseparated,andtherhymeofthesentenceiswrong,whichmakesagenerationofliterarytalents,emptyanddelicate,tiredandhardtolearn,andrarelycanlearn.Today,Ifollowitstwistsandturnstoanalyzethetruth,anditiseasytounderstand,anditisundoubtedlysluggish.Youcangetsatiricalandhappy.
Anyonewhosaysyesinthepastwillbeseamless,andtheywillbekeptinordertoshowthattheyarenothidden.Thereareafewhints,butthecontracthasnotbeenextended,anditcanbepassedthrough,sothateveryoneknowsit.Asfortheuncommonknowledge,themorechaoticyouare,themoreyoucancorrectittodispelconfusion.Ifyousaythatitisnotappropriate,youwillcompetewithwords,goforaheresy,andbeannoying,ugly,andyouwon'tgetanythingoutofit.Thereisnoexplanationoftheoldplace,butitisexplainedinmoredetail,andallcanbenegotiated.GoingtothetestofDianmo,andstudying"Cang"and"Ya"nexttoit, thereisnoconjecture,buttherearesupportingevidences.Thesixartsareincomplete,soyoucan'tseethefulltext.Therefore,thescripturesquotedbyXiang,Xin,Ban,Ma,Zhongshu,andZiyunmaybequitedifferentfromthoseofmodernConfucianism.Theymustnotrefutetheformersages.Painted.Today,eachisbasedonthisarticle,applyingChangJue'spoints,notwithoutexaminationandpractice,andtherationaleisappropriate,anditisalsoannotated"Li",whichisdifferentfrom"Shu"and "Yi".YuanKai'sinterpretationof"Zhuan"isnotrelatedtoMao,Zheng"Poetry"essay.Intermsofcategory,itismeaningful.Loveisself-reporting,Xiang,withmourningandpeace.Theyearshavebeennumerous,andallthetimeiswide.Therefore,thechronologyofthebiographyisdifferentfromtimetotime.Whenthepenisnotstopped,thebarnyardisstillleft,anditisalsotaughtbyfuturegenerations.Thesequenceismixed.Hewasfrankandperverted.Today, Moudrost chudých vln pojednává o zdroji a struktura to vysvětlí.
Thewordmaybedifficulttorecognize,andithasborrowedsounds.Ifyouaskformoreotherscrolls,itwilleventuallybeabandoned.Todayisallunderneath,andthentranscribed.Asfarasitisoftenknown,thereisnoambiguity,everyoneknowsit,andthereisnotrouble.
Modernannotatedhistory,competingfortheblog,citingmiscellaneousstatements,attackingthisarticle,tothepointofslanderousremarks,stubbornness,showingtheinfrequenceofpreviousrepairs,thestrengthsandstrengthsofself-conception,andtheeffectofcontradictionTheenemy,thesuperbpowderandtheradiance.Today’scomment,Yipraisestheoldbooks,abidesbythetrack,andclosestheroad.
Thenotesofvariousfamilies,althoughyoucanseethename,asforJueli,itisquitedifficulttoknow.Thereisnothingleftinthebiography,asshownontheleft:
XunyuecharacterZhongyu,anativeofYingchuan,thesecretaryoftheLaterHanDynasty.(Hewrote30volumesof"HanJi",allofwhicharein"HanShu".)
FuqianZiShen,fromXingyang,laterHanShangshuminister,GaoPingling,Jiujiangprefect.(Theinitialnameisheavy,thenameischangedonly,andthenameislaternamedQiang.)
YingShaocharacterZhongYuan,(onecharacterZhongYuan,onecharacterZhongYuan.)RunanNandun,laterHanXiaoLing,YuShiCamporder,Taishanprefect.
FuyancharacterJinghong,amanfromLangxie.
LiuDe,fromBeihai.
Zheng,JinZhuo’sprefaceto"YinYi"doesnotknowitsname,butChenZan’s"JiJie"isnolongerknowntoZhengDe.Thereisnoevidence,butnowitiscalledZheng'searbyJinzhuo.
LiFei, kraj, odkud přišel, není znám.
LiQi,fromNanyang.
DengZhan,anativeofNanyang,WeiJian'anisGeneralFenwei,andheisnamedGaoleTownship.
WenyingcharacterShuliang,anativeofNanyang,workedinJingzhouinthelateHanDynasty,andWeiJiananwastheChenglingMansionofGanling.
ZhangYi'scharacterisZhirang,anativeofQinghe,(Yiyunhejian.)WeiTaiheisaPh.D.(ExplanationofthefirstvolumeofSimaXiangruŽivotopis.)
SuLincharacterXiaoyou,ChenLiuwaiHuangren,WeiGeshizhong,SecretarySupervisor,SanqiChangshi,YonganWeiwei,TaizhongThedoctor,Dr.Huangmovedtojuniorhighschool,FengAnChengTinghou.
ZhangYanZibo,fromZhongshan.
RuChun,FengYi,WeiChenJuncheng.
Mengkangcharacterpublicholiday,AnpingGuangzong,WeiSanqiChangshi,HongnongTaishou,LingdianAgriculturalSchoolLieutenant,BohaiTaishou,Qishizhong,SanqiShilang,Zhongshuling,latertransferAsasupervisor,FengGuanglingTinghou.
XiangZhao, který je z Kraje, není známý.
WeiZhaocharacterHongsi,anativeofYunyang,Wujun,WuShangshulang,Taishiling,Zhongshulang,DoctorJijiu,Zhongshubushe,FengGaolingtinghou.
JinZhuo,fromHenan,JinShangShulang.
LiuBaoziDaozhen,anativeofGaoping,JinzhongShulang,HanoiPrefect,YushiZhongcheng,PrinceZhongshuzi,OfficialBulang,GeneralAnbei.(Theprinceattendingtheemperortalksabout"HanShu",don'thave"Refutation".)
ChenZan, příjmení a kraj nejsou známy.
Charakter GuoPu je Jingchun, původem z Hedongu, a dar od JinDynastie prefektovi Hongnongu.
CaiMoisanativeofDaoming,ChenLiukao,ascholaroftheFiveSoldiersoftheEasternJinDynasty,thesecretaryoftheTaichang,andthegovernorofXu,Yan,ThemilitaryoftheQingthreestates,ledtheXuzhouprovincialgovernor,Dr.ZuoGuangluopenedthemansiontothethreedivisions,ledtheYangzhoupastoralist,servedthemiddleSitunotworship,gavethewaiterthemiddleSikong,posthumousposthumoustitleofMuGong.
CuiHao'scharacterisBoshen,anativeofQinghe.LaterWeiShizhongenteredtheFujungeneral,ZuoGuanglu,andSitu,Fengdongjun.(Thesoundandmeaningof"HanJi"writtenbyXunYue.)
Jingyoupublishedtheschoollanguage
InSeptemberofthefirstyearofJingyou,SecretaryChengYuJingsaid："ThetextsoftheHanDynastyprintedbytheImperialCollegewerecorrupted,forfearofmistakesinlaterstudies.Theministerswouldliketorefertoallthebooks,accordingtothebooks,anddistinguishthemfromeachother.Ihopethatthepublicationsarecorrect."
ZhangGuan,etc.detailedthememorial,andorderedtheImperialCollegetotellWangZhuandJingkaitogotoChongwenyuan.InMarchofthesecondyear,Jingsaidagain:"AnexamplefromtheancientcaseofYanYan:BanGu's"HanShu",oldwithoutannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.,eachofthesoundsandmeanings,namedhimselfhisfamily.TotheWesternJinDynasty,Zhuo,Theanthologyisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteenrichedwithintentions.Whetherthesecondstudyofthetimedebateshouldbeornot,thetitleis"HanshuJizhu".IntheYongjiaRebellion,thisbookdoesnotreachJiangzuo.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,Examininghisera,itwasalsointheearlyJinDynasty,andthesoundsandmeaningsofallfamiliesweregatheredtogether.Frommyownpointofview,Icontinuedattheendofthetoilet.CaiMoquantookthisbookandscattereditintothevariouschapterswhereitiscalledthecollectionofexplanationsandsoundmeanings.Sincethen,therehasbeenanannotation.WhenEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,thecrownprinceinheritedtheorderofYanShigutopublishitanddeleteit.Replenishingstrategy,decidingtoself-speak,Confucianscholarssubscribetotheirdetailedknowledge,andthentheyformafamily.ThetotalnumberofConfucianannotations,thefirstnameisvisible,therearetwentyoutoffivepeople,andthejue,theage,andthehistoryarealmosthalfofthem.ExaminationofitsattachmentThesource,name,andageofthenotesinheritedbytheoldsayingsareengravedattheendofthisbookinordertohearandhope.Today’scolumnisasleft:
XunYue,následující obsahjestejnýjako"HanshuXuru"
Fuqian,následující obsahjestejnýjako"HanshuXuru"
YingShao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExample"
FuYan, následující obsah je stejný jako "Příklad vyprávění Hanshu"
LiuDe,následující obsahjestejnýjako"Příklad vyprávění Hanshu""
Zheng, původem z Yunbeihai v "Anotaci" Jinzhuo, nezná jeho jméno, ale ChenZanthinks of ZhengDe. V této knize se nazývá Zheng's.
LiFei,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"
LiQi, následující obsah je stejný jako "Příklady vyprávění Hanshu"
DengZhan, následující obsahStejný jako "HanshuXuru"
WenYing, následující obsah je stejný jako "HanshuXuru"
ZhangYi, následující obsah je stejný jako "HanshuXuru"
SuLin, následující obsah je stejný jako "HanshuPříběh"
ZhangYan,následující obsahjestejnýjako"HanshuPříběh".
RuChun,následující obsahjestejnýjako"HanshuPříběh"
MengKang, následující obsah je stejný jako „Hanshu Narrative“
XiangZhao,následující obsahStejnýjako"Příklady vyprávění Hanshu".
WeiZhao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"
JinZhuo,následující obsahjestejnýjako"Příklady vyprávění Hanshu".
LiuBao,následující obsahjestejnýjako"Příklady vyprávění Hanshu".
ChenZan,Idon’tknowhissurname.CasePeiQi's"PrefacetoHistoricalRecords"saysthatMoknowshissurname.WeiLeng's"ContinuedTraining"wasunclear,whileLiuXiaobiao's"Leiyuan"thoughtYuZan,andLiYuan'sannotationof"ShuiJing"thoughtitwasXueZan.AccordingtoYaoCha's"XunZhuang",thecaseof"YuYiJi"YuZanwasthemasterofYi,thesoldierCaojoinedthearmy,andthenGeneralJianwei."JinZhongXingShu"statesthatYidiedofillness,butthegeneralYuZanandothersmadetrouble,thewingleaderShiJiangYuZhuzhi.YuZanisawinggeneralanddoesnotcontainannotated"HanShu".However,thevoicesandmeaningsadoptedbyallthefamiliesarenotpassedonJiangzuo.Inthecaseof"GaoJi""MaoLingShu"and"WenJi""HanLuZhiLing",thesetwobookswerealsolost,andtheywerenotallowedtocrosstheriver.ItisclearthatthisZanwasanativeofJinzhongDynasty,soitwasgranted.Thesoundandmeaningofitspredecessorsand"MaoLingShu""HanLing"andotherears.CaiMozhiJiangZuo,scatteredintothe"HanShu"withtwenty-fourvolumesofZan,thepresentnoteisalso.IfitiscalledYuZan,hewasfromtheEasternJinDynastyanddidnotmeeteachotherintheperiodoftime.ThisZanisnotenoughtoknow.Inanothercase,"TheŽivotopisofMuTianzi"islistedinthecatalog.Thesecretaryreadstheancienttext"TheŽivotopisofMuTianzi"bythesecretary,LangFuZan,andthosewhohaverecordedthe"ŽivotopisofMuTianzi"arenotallowedtostealthebooksfromtheancienttomb.InthecaseofChenZaninthe"HanShuYinyi",the"JiShu"isoftencitedtorefutethepreceptsofmanyfamilies.ThisZanissuspectedtobeFuZan.ZanShi'svocationaldiarywasproofread,sohewascalledaminister.YanShigusaidthatfuturegenerationsconsideredZan'ssurnameandattachedFu'sears.Thereisnocleartextandnotenoughtowintheletter.
GuoPu, následující obsah je stejný jako „Hanshu Narrative“
CaiMo,následující obsahjestejnýjako"HanshuPříběh"
CuiHao,následující obsahStejnýjako"StudyofHanshu"
YanYan,thecharactermasterofancienttimes,wasanativeofYongzhouWannian.TangZhongshuShiLang,alsomasterofZhiSanqiChangShi,secretaryyoungsupervisor,bachelorofHongwenguan,FengLangxianCounty.
Septemberofthesecondyearoftheschoolbookiscompleted,everyincreaseof741characters,lossof212characters,correctionof1,330characters.
Ocenění práce
Narativní žánr
Intermsofnarrative,"Hanshu"ischaracterizedbythesystematicandcompletenessofhistoricalevents,andstrivesforthebeginningandtheendofeverything,andthedescriptionisclear.ThisprovideduswithgreatconvenienceforunderstandingandstudyingthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynasty.Sofar,allstudiesofthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynastyhaveused"HanShu"asthebasichistoricaldata.
Intermsofgenre.Both"HanShu"and"ShiJi"arehistoricalbooksofJiChuanstyle.Thedifferenceisthat"HistoricalRecords"originatedfromthelegendary"FiveEmperors"andendedintheeraofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.Itisageneralhistory;while"HanShu"isachronologicalhistorydedicatedtothehistoricaleventsoftheWesternHanDynasty.ThisgenreofchronologicalhistoryisthecreationofBanGu.Thisgenrehasbeenadoptedinthe"officialhistory"ofsubsequentdynasties.ThisisBanGu'smajorcontributiontomycountry'shistoriography.
Evoluce stylu
Ve srovnání se stylem „Historických záznamů“ se styl „Hanshu“ změnil. „Historické záznamy“ jsou všeobecnou historií a „HanShu“ je achronologickou historií.
"HanShu"changedthe"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords"to"Ji","Životopis"to"Životopis","Shu"to"Zhi",abolished"AristocraticFamily",andafamilyofscholarsintheHanDynastyAllareincludedinthe"biography".Thesechangeswerefollowedbysomelaterhistorybooks.
Therelativelycompletequotationofedictsandmemorialsinthe"HanShu"hasbecomeanimportantfeatureofthe"HanShu".Inaddition,thecontentoftheborderethnicminoritiesisalsoquiterich.
"Hanshu" nově přidané "Historie trestního práva", "Historie pěti prvků", "Historie geografie", "Historie umění a literatury".
"CriminalLawHistory"systematicallynarratesnationallawsandregulations,whichisofreferencesignificanceforstudyingthedevelopmentoflawsinourcountry.
„Geografie“ zaznamenala tehdejší správní oddělení, evidenci domácností, nemovitosti, ekonomiku a podmínky lidí.
"Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicgenresandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry.
"Shihuozhi" se vyvinul z "nivelační knihy", ale obsah je bohatší. Má dva svazky. První svazek mluví o "jídle", to je ekonomická situace zemědělství; druhý svazek hovoří o "zboží", to je situace obchodu a měny, což je v té době zvláštní ekonomická kapitola
Thedescendantsofthe"BaiguanGongqingForm"in"HanShu"arehighlyrespected.Itisabrieftableofthefourteenthandthirty-fourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersoftheHanDynasty.
Historickým zdrojem „HanShu“, před císařem Wu, to byly „Historické záznamy“. Ty psal jeho otec, druhým jsou „Historické záznamy“, v nichž pokračovala každá rodina, a třetí další záznamy.
Související poznámky
Anotace
"Hanshu"mostlyusesancientcharactersandancientmeanings.Thecharactersaredifficulttounderstand,sothatthepeopleofBanGu'scontemporarieshadtoMakethephoneticandmeaningnotesforthe"Hanshu"sothatitcanbereadandunderstood.Accordingto"SuiShu·JiZhi"records,fromtheEasternHanDynastytotheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,therewereabout20annotationstothe"HanShu",andmostofthemwerenoteswithsoundandmeaning.
Asfortheannotationsof"HanShu",alltheannotationsmadebyvariousscholarsbeforetheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.WangXianqianoftheQingDynastyimitatedtheclassicsuccinctstyletoannotatetherepresentativeworkoftheoldhistory,"HanShuSupplementaryNote".Thebookisbasedontheopinionsofvariousfamilies.Afteryearsofintensiveresearch,theinexplicablepointscanbeunderstood.Therefore,itisstillrespectedbythedomesticandforeignhistorians..Theseannotationshavedetailedresearchonthepronunciation,meaningandhistoricalfactsofthecharactersinthe"Hanshu",whichprovideuswithconvenienceforreadingthe"Hanshu"andbecomeanimportanttoolforusingthe"Hanshu"today.
Kromě toho si lze pro referenci přečíst YangShudovu „HanshuGlimpse“ a „Hanshu Supplementsand Corrections“.
Vyšetření a objednání
"ReadingHanshuMagazine"(QingDynasty·WangNiansun),"HanshuAnotaceandCorrection"(QingDynasty·ZhouShouchang),betterthanYinxunandWenyi."HanShuShuzheng"(QingDynasty·ShenQinhan),"HanShuDiscrimination"(QingDynasty·QianDazhao),"HanShuGuanJian"(QingDynasty·ZhuYixin),"HanShuSuoYan"(QingDynasty·ShenJiaben),Goodattextualresearch,exegesisandcollationarealsoquitedesirable."HanShuJingguan"(RepublicofChina·YangShuda),goodatcollationofexegesis.
"HanShuXinzheng" (moderní·ChenZhi),systematické použití starých artefaktů,jako jsou Hanbambooslips,Hansteles,QinandHanbronzes,lakované zbožív zemiJuyan aDunhuang,QinandHanseals.Utěsnění.
Inaddition,JinShaoying's"HanshuShihuoZhiJiShi"isanimportantreferencebookforstudyingtheeconomyoftheHanDynasty.CenZhongmian's"HanShuXiyuChuandili"isamust-readforstudyingtheevolutionofthenamesoftheWesternRegions.
WangXianqianattheendoftheQingDynastycollectedtheessenceof67researchbooksandwrote"HanShuSupplementaryNotes."Althoughtherearenotmanypersonalinventions,hehasstrongcomprehensivedecision-makingabilityandoutstandingachievements.Thereisnosubstituteforitsofar.Itisthemostbasicreferencebookforreading"HanShu".ThedisadvantageisthattheopinionsofQianDazhao,ZhouShouchangandothersareunprepared.Therefore,thetextbooksofscholarsintheQingDynastyshouldnotbediscardedlightly,andthenewachievementsofscholarsinmoderntimesneedmoreattention.
TheQingpeoplehavemademanycorrectionsandcorrectionsrelatedtothe"HanShu"tablerecords,andtheirachievementsarealsogreat.Representativemasterpiecesareincludedinthetwobooks"Twenty-FiveHistorySupplements"and"TenKindsofSupplementstotheTablesoftheRecordsoftheHanDynasty".Amongthem,XiaXie's"EightBiaosofSchoolBooks",LiangYusheng's"RenbiaoKao",YangShoujing's"HanshuGeographySupplements",andYaoZhenzong's"HanshuYiwenZhiSupplements"arethemostimportant.
WangYinglinintheSongDynastywrotetenvolumesof"ATextualResearchonHanshuArtandLiteratureRecords",andadetailedexaminationandorderingofmorethan380books.Thelanguage,DengXiziisnotkilledbyZichan,andZhuangHuqi’ssternhelpisretorted.ItmeansPangmengateverydoor,butonlythreeorfivearticles.”Italsocontains27unrecordedbooks,“TheBookofChanges”.Added"Lianshan","ReturntoTibet","ZiXiaYiZhuan";"Poetry"added"YuanWangShi";"Rite"added"BigDaiLi","LittleDaiLi","WangZhi","HanYi";"Le"categoryadded"YueJing","YueYuanYu";"ChunqiuLei"added"MingshiChunqiu";Taoistadded"LaoziZhigui","SuWangMiaoLun";Legalistadded"LawofHanDynasty","LingofHanDynasty";politicalexpertsadded"Guiguzi";astronomicaladded"Xia'sSunandMoonŽivotopis","Gan'sSuiXingJing","Shi'sStarJing","WuxianFive-StarZodiac",""ZhouTi","StarŽivotopis"..."isthefirstacademicworktosystematicallystudy"HanShuYiWenZhi".WangYinglinbelievedthatitwasinappropriateforthelieutenantpresidentofthe"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"tobeincludedinthe"YinyangFamily",andhealsodeterminedthatHuangfuMiSuoyun's"YiyinTangye"isthe"Tang"of"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"LiquidClassics.Anotherexample:"LaoZiZhiguiCannotRecordSuiZhi:ElevenVolumes,writtenbyYanZun.LieziexplainedWenyun:Zun,thewordJunPing,composesfourteenchaptersandexplainsfivethousandessays."YaoZhenzongofQingDynastyalsowrote"Han"SupplementstoCalligraphy,ArtandLiterature,sixvolumes,thirty-fourkindsofsupplements.
Vliv na další generace
Historický stav
Thehistoriographyof"Hanshu"isdividedinto12chapters,mainlyrecordingthedeedsoftheWesternHanemperors;Table8,MainlyrecordsthedeedsofthecharactersintheHanDynasty;10chapters,dedicatedtothesystem,astronomy,geography,andvarioussocialphenomena;70chapters,mainlyrecordingthelivesofvariouscharactersandthehistoryofethnicminorities.
BanGuovo „HanShu“ se řídí stylem „Historických záznamů“. Rozdíl je v tom, že „Historické záznamy“ mají „aristokratické rodiny“, ale „HanShu“ ne.“ „HanShu“ byl přejmenován na „Zhi“.
"HistoricalRecords"runsthroughtheancientandmodern,notlimitedtodynasties,soitiscalledGeneralHistory."HanShu"chroniclesareallhistoricalfactsoftheWesternHanDynasty,soitiscalledthehistoryofdynasties.
Historie dynastií začala v Bangu a takzvaná „pravidelná historie“ pozdějších dynastií následovala po žánru „HanShu“, jak řekl LiuZhiji: „Od současnosti nedochází ke změnám.“ Lze vidět, že jeho historický stav je velmi důležitý.
Thestatusof"HanShu"inthehistoryofChineseliteratureisalsoveryprominent.Itwritespeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthespiritof"factualrecords",whichisvividintheplain,andcanbecalledamodelofbiographicalliteratureforlatergenerations,suchas"HuoGuangZhuan","SuWuZhuan","WaiQiŽivotopis","ZhuMaichenŽivotopis"andsoon.Inaddition,"HanShu"alsorecordsthehistoryofethnicminorities."HanShu"inheritsthefinetraditionof"HistoricalRecords"asaspecialbiographyofethnicminorities,andusesnewhistoricalmaterialstoexpand"HistoricalRecordsDawanŽivotopis"into"ŽivotopisoftheWesternRegions",narratingthehistoryofdozensofregionsandneighboringcountriesintheWesternRegionstosupplement,AddedalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.
Vlivpráce
Vytvořte styl historie randění
Firstofall,"Hanshu"pioneeredahistorynarrativemethodofdatinghistory,thestyleisforlatergenerationsInheritance.SincetheQinandHandynasties,ithasbeenamonarch-basedgovernment.Thepeopleofthisdynastyoftendarenotdirectlycommentonthepoliticsofthedynasty,andtherearemanytaboos.Thehistoryofthedynastyconformstotheauthor’spsychology,becausethepreviousdynastyhasdied,andtherearefewerdoubtsaboutthepoliticalaffairsofthepreviousdynasty.Easiertoplay.Therefore,assoonasthe"HanShu"waspublished,theofficialhistoryofalldynastiesafterwardswasbasedonthedatingofdynasties.
ThereasonwhyBanGuisdatedtohistoryisnotaccidental,buttoadapttotherequirementsofthetimes.HesummarizedthehistoricalworksofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyintheearlyyearsoftheEasternHanDynasty,aboutacenturyandahalf,andcreativelydevelopedthemwiththepurposeofservingthepoliticalserviceoftherulingclassatthattime.BanGubelievesthatthegeneralhistorystyleof"HistoricalRecords"putstheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty"attheendofahundredkings,sidebysidewiththeQinitems",whichisnotconducivetothepromotionof"Hanmorality",anditisdifficulttohighlightthehistoricalpositionoftheHanDynasty.Thisisthebasisforthe"HanShu"tobehistory.Therefore,the"BookofHan""includesonegeneration",startingfromtheestablishmentoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,andfinallytheendofthenewdynasty,inordertohighlightLiuBang,"GaoDiJi"wasplacedinthefirstchapter.Thisstyleofdatinghistorywaspraisedbylaterfeudalhistoriansandbecamethebasisforthecompilationofthe"AuthenticHistory"ofthepastdynasties.
Secondly,intermsofcompilationstyle,"HanShu"inheritedanddevelopedthecompilationformof"HistoricalRecords",makingJiŽivotopisamorecompletecompilationstyle.TheŽivotopisiscenteredonbiographies.Althoughtheyareindependentofeachother,theyareconnectedtoeachother,sothewholebookcanbeintegratedintoawhole.Itcannotonlyenumeratetheoutlineofhistoricaldevelopment,butalsodescriberelatedhistoricaleventsindetail.Itisnotonlyeasytochecktheactivitiesofindividualcharacters,butalsotakesintoaccountthehistoricalevolutionofthecanonsystem.Itsadvantagesaresomanythatitcanbeusedbylaterhistorians.
Forexample,althoughthe"HistoricalRecords"establishedthe"LüHouBenji",itusedtheHuiEmperortorecordtheyears,andthe"HanShu"supplementedthe"HuiDiJi"tosolvetheconfusioninthe"HistoricalRecords";Therecordsoftheyearandmontharealsomoredetailedandclearerthaninthe"HistoricalRecords".Regardingthelayoutofthebiography,the"HanShu"isbasicallychronologicallyordered,andthestyleismoreuniformthanthatofthe"HistoricalRecords"."HanShu"inheritedtheadvantagesofJiChuanstyle,andsincethen Oficiální historie následovala styl JiChuanstyle.
Furthermore,thefournewlycreated"Hanshu"recordsthepolitical,economicsystemandsocialcultureoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,whicharemorecompletethanthe"HistoricalRecords",thusimprovingthe"Hanshu"Thehistoricalvalueofthedata.
Rozšíření pole historického výzkumu
Amongtheten"Zhis"of"HanShu","ShiHuoZhi"provideseconomicsystemandsocialproductionstatus.Abundanthistoricalmaterials;"GouXiaZhi"systematicallydescribestheconstructionofwaterconservancyintheQinandHanDynasties;"Geography"isChina'sfirstgeographyworkwithterritorialandpoliticalareasasthemainbody,andpioneeredthestudyofthehistoryofgeographyandthehistoryofgeographyinfuturegenerations;"LiYueZhi","JiaoSiZhi",and"CriminalLawHistory"recordpolitics,militaryaffairs,lawandrelatedordinances,respectively;"FiveElements","AstronomyHistory"and"LvLiZhi"areallresearchesofancientnaturalsciencesValuableinformation."Yiwenzhi"discussesthesourceandschoolofancientacademicthoughtanditsmeritsanddemerits.Itisanextremelyprecioushistoricalmaterialofancientculture.
Stanovení bibliografického stylu
Theten"Chronicles"arelargeinscaleandrichinrecords.Theyhavedetailedrecordsonpolitics,economy,ideologyandculture,especiallyThepartaboutSinicizationismoredetailed.Thecalligraphystylewasoriginallycreatedinthe"HistoricalRecords",andthe"Hanshu"wasdeveloped.Thefuturegenerationsoftheofficialhistoryofthebookaremostlybasedontheten"zhi"ofthe"Hanshu".Thecalligraphystylehasalsobecomeimitatedbythecompilationofthehistoryofthecanonsystemoflatergenerations,suchas"TongDian"byDuYouintheTangDynasty.
Vytváření bibliografie
In"Yiwenzhi",LiuXin's"SevenLue"isusedtodividetheancientacademicworksintosixmajorThethirty-eightsub-categoriesarediscussedtoenablepeopletohaveaclearerunderstandingoftheevolutionanddevelopmentofvariousacademicschools.Inaddition,itretainsthegeneralappearanceofthe"SevenLue",whichhasbecomeanimportantworkforpeopletostudytheevolutionofacademicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.ItistheearliestsurvivingbookcatalogandacademicculturalhistoryinChina.
Zachování důležitých historických dokumentů
Theexisting"Hanshu"isabout800,000characters,andthevolumeisricherthanthe"ShiJi".Itaddedalotofimportantedicts,mainlyinthepartofEmperorJi.Amongmanybiographies,"HanShu"alsocontainsalotofmemos,countermeasures,writingsandlettersrelatedtopolitics,economy,militaryandculture.IntheTenChroniclesofHanshu,therearealsosimilarimportanthistoricaldocumentsincluded,suchas"Shihuozhi"includedinChaoCuo's"OnGuisuShu"andsoon.
The"Hanshu"alsosupplementsthe"HistoricalRecords"onthehistoryofvariousnationalitiesathomeandabroad.Forexample,onthebasisof"HistoricalRecords:TheŽivotopisoftheXiongnu",the"BookofHan"addsalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,andmorecompletelydescribesthehistoryoftheHunsfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.The"HanShu"mergedtheNanyue,Dongyue,Korean,andSouthwesternBarbarianŽivotopisofthe"HistoricalRecords".Onthebasisofsupplementingalargenumberofhistoricalfacts,itwaswritteninamoredetailed"SouthwestBarbarianandGuangdongKoreanŽivotopis"intheformofacombinedbiography.Atthesametime,"HanShu"changed"History·DawanŽivotopis"to"WesternRegionsŽivotopis",whichrecordsthehistoryofvariousethnicgroupsinXinjiangtoday,aswellasthehistoryofCentralandSouthwestAsiancountries.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.
Silná feudální ortodoxní myšlenka
IntheeraofBanGu’slife,feudaltheologicalthoughthaddevelopedintotherulingthoughtatthattime,andBan’sfatherandsonwere"onlyHistorianswhohavedevotedthemselvestothesage’swaynaturallytakethemaintenanceoffeudaltheologyastheirresponsibility,andregardthesage’swayastheguidingideologyoftheirwritings.Inthisway,whileinheritingthecontentof"HistoricalRecords",theauthoraccusesitofbeing"quiteridiculoustothesaints",thustamperingwiththeviewpointsof"HistoricalRecords",makingthe"HanShu"moreinlinewithfeudalorthodoxy.
Fromtheperspectiveofideologicalcontent,"Hanshu"isnotasgoodas"HistoricalRecords".BanGuoncecriticizedSimaQianforbeing"ridiculousaboutrightandwrongthanasaint."Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQiandidnotcompletelyuseConfucianthoughtasthecriterionforjudgingrightandwrong,whichisworthyofrecognition,butBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxyintheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory.
HanShudeifiedtheimperialpoweroftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastyandsupportedtheHanastheorthodoxthought.ItspurposewastodemonstratethelegitimacyoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyandtodeifytheimperialauthorityoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Therefore,the"FiveVirtues"basedonthetheoryofYinandYangandtheFiveElementsandthedoctrineoffeudalgodsconferredbythegodofkingshipbecamethedominantideasofthe"HanShu".Inordertopromotethefeudaltheologicalthoughtsof"HeavenandHumanReception"anddisasterauspiciousness,the"BookofHan"firstcreatedthe"FiveElements",whichspecificallydescribedthemysticaldoctrineofthefiveelementsanddisasters.Deeds.
Verze
Therearemanyversionsof"HanShu",andmostofthepreviousversionsoftheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.
Během dlouhého období Qian dynastie Qing byl „DianBen“ vytištěn v hale Wuying, známé také jako „hala Wuying“.
DuringtheTongzhiperiodoftheQingDynasty,theQinggovernmentalsopublishedthe"Juben".
"DianBen" a "JuBen" publikované v QingDynasty jsou obě lepší verze "HanShu".
DuringtheRepublicofChina,the"BaiNunEdition"publishedbytheCommercialPresswasaphotocopyofthe"JingyouEdition"oftheNorthernSongDynasty.Itcontainsfewerrorsandisararecopyofthe"HanShu".
In1962,thepunctuationprints(12volumesintotal)publishedbyZhonghuaBookCompanywereintensivelyeditedbyexpertsandscholars.
,Dnešní vkladní knížka.
YanShi'scientannotations"HanShu"je sbírka fannotací.