Lyhyt johdatus Historiakirjoihin
"Hanshu"createdthe"Baojugeneration"historystyle."HanShu"includestwelvechaptersinthe"Benji",eightchaptersinthetable,tenchaptersinthe"Zhi",andseventychaptersinthe"Elämäkerta",withatotalofonehundredchapters.Thedescendantsaredividedinto120volumes.ItshistorybeganinthefirstyearofEmperorLiuBangoftheHanDynastyandendedinthefourthyearofEmperorWangMangdi."HanShu"isahistoryofdynasties."BookofHan"changed"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords "As"Ji","Elämäkerta"as"Elämäkerta"ja"Kirja"muuttui"Zhi",pois"AristokraticFamily"jaHanDynastyXunchenFamilyLaki sisällytettiinelämäkertaan.Näitä muutoksia seurasivat eräät myöhemmät historiakirjat.
HanshuAtlas (3 kuvaa)
Theerarecordedinthe"Hanshu"overlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleperiodofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,Bothbookshavedescriptions.Inthispart,"HanShu"oftenuses"HistoricalRecords".However,duetodifferencesintheauthor'sideologicalrealmanddifferentmaterialselectionstandards,therearealsoeasyadditions,deletions,andchangeswhentransferring."HanShu"newlyadded"CriminalLawHistory","FiveElementsHistory","GeographyHistory","ArtandLiteratureHistory"."CriminalLawHistory"systematicallydescribedtheevolutionofthelegalsystemandsomespecificlawsandregulationsforthefirsttime."Geography"recordstheadministrativedivisions,historicalevolutionandhouseholdregistrationfiguresofthecountyatthattime,andtherecordsoflocalproperties,economicdevelopment,andfolkcustomsaremoreeye-catching."Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicschoolsandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry."Shihuozhi"evolvedfromthe"levelingbook",butthecontentisricher.Ithastwovolumes.Thefirstvolumetalksabout"food",thatis,theeconomicsituationofagriculture;thesecondvolumetalksabout"goods",thatis,thesituationofcommerceandcurrency,whichisaspecialeconomicchapteratthattime.Intheeighttablesof"HanShu",thereisan"AncientandModernPeople'sTable".FromTaihaoEmperorJitoWuGuang,thereis"ancient"butno"modern",whichhasarousedridiculefromfuturegenerations.Latergenerationshighlypraisedthe"ListofBaiguanGongqing"in"HanShu".ThistablefirstdescribestheestablishmentofQinandHansub-offices,thepowersofvariousofficialpositionsandthenumberofsalaries,andthenitisdividedintofourteenandthirty.Abrieftableoffourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersintheHanDynasty.Itdoesnothavemuchspace,butitclearlyshowsusthebureaucracyandchangesinthebureaucracyatthattime.Thisconcentrationreflectsthedifferencesofthoughtbetweenthetwo.Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQian'sincompleteuseofConfucianismasacriterionforjudgingrightfromwrongisworthyofrecognition.ButBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxthoughtintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory."HanShu"likestouseancientcharactersandwords,whichismoredifficulttoread.
Kirjailijasta
BanGu(32-92AD),thesonofBanBiao,thehistorianoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty,thebrotherofBanChao,whosenameisMengJian,wasborninAnling,Fufeng(TodayXianyang,Shaanxi).BornintheeighthyearofEmperorGuangwuoftheEasternHanDynastyintheHanDynasty,hediedinthefouryearsoftheEasternHanDynastyandEmperorYongyuanattheageofsixty-one.BanGuwassmartsincehewasachild.“Nine-year-oldcanbelongtoliteraryworksandrecitepoetryandfu”,andhehasreadmanybooksasanadult.Heistheauthorof"BaihuTongde"insixvolumes,"HanShu "in120 volumes, ja"Ji" in17 volumes.
BanGun kuoleman jälkeen"HanShun""Eight Tables" ja "Astronomical Records"eivät olleet saaneet päätökseen, jotenHanand Emperor LiuZhaoreadedBanGun sisarBanZhaotmakeupthe"EightTables"jaJatkakirjoitusta".
BanZhao(about45AD-about117AD),alsoknownasJi,ZiHuiban,wasborninFufengAnling(nownortheastofXianyang,Shaanxi),ahistorianandwriterofHanDynastyandEasternHanDynasty,Confucianeverybody.ThedaughterofthehistorianBanBiaoandthesisterofBanGu,shemarriedCaoShishufromthesamecountyattheageoffourteen.
MaXu,thewordJize,theyearofbirthanddeathisunknown,anativeofFufengMaoling(nownortheastofXingping,Shaanxi),thegrandnephewofGeneralFuboMaYuan,willbetheseventhsonofmasterMaYan,afamousclassicscholarTheyoungerbrotherofMaRong,ageneralintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.
Kirjankirjoitusprosessi
Luomisen tausta
Since"HistoricalRecords"wasonlywrittenintheearlyyearsofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,manypeoplewrotesequelsforitatthattime.Accordingtothe"ShiTongZhengYi"record,therearemorethanadozenpeoplewhohavewrittenthesequelto"HistoricalRecords",includingLiuXiang,LiuXin,FengShang,andYangXiong.Thetitleofthebookisstillcalled"HistoricalRecords."BanGu'sfather,BanBiao(AD3-AD54),wasverydissatisfiedwiththesesequels,sohe"takestheoldthingsandreadsfromthem"as "HistoricalRecords"ja"tekee kuusikymmentäviisi"HouChuan".BanBiaon kuoleman jälkeen,BanGu,joka vain 22-vuotias, alkoi lajitella isänsä käsikirjoituksia, jotka päättivät periä isänsä liiketoiminnan ja menestyäkseen mestariteoksen.
Muodostusprosessi
Inthefirstfewyearsofwork,someonewrotetoEmperorMingEmperorofHanMingandreportedthatBanGuwas"privatelywritingahistoryofthecountry."BanGuwasarrestedandimprisoned,andallmanuscriptswereconfiscated.Hisyoungerbrother,BanChao,wrotetoEmperorHanMingandexplainedthatthepurposeofBanGuxiu's"HanShu"wastopraiseHanandsothatfuturegenerationscouldunderstandhistoryandlearnlessonsfromit,withoutslanderingtheimperialcourt.Later,BanGuwasacquittedandEmperorHanMinggavetheBanfamilysomemoneytohelpthemwriteitdown.
TheEmperorofHanMingappreciatedBanGu'stalents,andwascalledLantaiLingshi.Atthattime,LantaiLingshiFuyiwashiscolleague.Bothofthemwerewell-knownfortheirliterature.BanGuandhisyoungerbrotherBanchaosaid:"WuZhongcanbelongtoliterature,andforLantaiLingshi,hecan'trestonhisownwhenhewrites."Allusions.BanGuwasalsoorderedtocompletethebookwrittenbyhisfather.
InthefirstyearofEmperorYongyuanoftheHanDynasty(89AD),DouXianledtroopstodefeattheHuns.BanGuaccompaniedhimontheexpeditionandservedasthedefendingarmy.TheinscriptionofthemountaincomesfromBanGu'shandwriting.
BanGu"doesnotteachthescholars,mostofthemdonotfollowthelaw."LuoyangmakesZhongJingdrunkandscoldedbyBanGu'sdomesticslaves,andhehasnotforgottenhishatred.InthefouryearsofHanandEmperorYongyuan,DouXiancommittedsuicidebylosingpower.BanGuwasimplicatedandremovedfromoffice.ThiskindofcompetitiontookadvantageofDouXian'sfailuretoarrestBanGu,andJapanwashumiliated.BanGudiedinprisonattheageofsixty-one.Atthistime,the"HanShu",theeight"Biao"and"AstronomicalChronicles"werenotcompleted.
BanGu'sbook"HanShu"wasnotcompletedanddied.TheEmperorofHanHeorderedhissisterBanZhaotocontinuetowriteBanGu'sposthumousworkbasedonthedatastoredintheDongguanCollectionPavilion.However,whentheeighttableswerecompleted,BanZhaodied.MaXufromthesamecountywasadiscipleofBanZhao,andhewascalledbytheHanandEmperorstomakeuptheremaining"AstronomicalChronicles".
Työluettelo
Kokoonpanotyyli
"Hanshu"isthefirstchronologicalhistoryofChina,andtherecordof"Hanshu"referstotheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty.Mainly,atotalof230yearsofhistoricaleventsstartingfromthefirstyearofEmperorHanGaozuandthelastfouryearsofEmperorMangdi.Thestyleof"HanShu"iscompletelyinheritedfrom"HistoricalRecords",exceptthat"shu"ischangedto"zhi",and"family"ismergedinto"biography".Thewholebookhastwelve"ji",eight"table ", kymmenen"zhi",Seitsemänkymmentä"Biografia", yhteensä 100 artikkelia, yli 800 000 sanaa.
IntheTangDynasty,YanShiguthoughtthatthe"HanShu"volumewastooheavy,sohedividedthelongeronesintotheupperandlowervolumesortheupper,middle,andlowervolumes,whichbecamethefirstvolumeofthecurrent"HanShu".Onehundredandtwentyvolumes.
Thehistoricalmaterialsofthe"Hanshu"areveryrichandaccurate.Theerarecordedinthebookoverlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyisdescribedinbothbooks.Thispartof"Hanshu"mostlyusestheold"HistoricalRecords",butduetodifferencesintheauthor'sthoughtsandmaterialselectioncriteria,therearealsoadditions,deletionsandchangeswhentransferring.
InadditiontoabsorbingBanBiao’sposthumouswritingsandthematerialsfrommorethanadozen"HistoricalRecords,"thehistoricaleventsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyadoptedalargenumberofedicts,memorials,poems,andsimilardailylife.Annotated"HanZhuji",astronomicalcalendarbook,andthe"earsandhears"ofBan'sfatherandson.Manyoriginalhistoricalmaterials,BanGuisenteredinfullinthebook,soitismorevaluablethan"HistoricalRecords".
Ji
"HanShussa" on kaksitoista "Ji", jotka ovat HanGaozuton ja HanPingdin tapahtumien aikakausi.
Althoughitiswritteninthesamewayas"HistoricalRecords",itisnotcalled"Benji",suchas"GaoDiJi","WuDiJi"and"PingDiJi".Sincethe"BookofHan"begantorecordthefirstyearofthefoundingoftheHanGaozu,thecharactersoriginallyinthe"HistoricalRecords·Benji",suchasXiangYu,etc.,werechangedintothe"biography";andbecausetheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastydidnotrecognizetheregimeestablishedbyWangMang—-Thenewdynasty , joten WangMang sijoittui"elämäkertaan"ja putosi elämäkerran loppuun.
Biao
"HanShussa" on kahdeksan "Biaoa". Monet niistä perustuvat vanhaan "Historical Records" -taulukkoon ja uusiaHanHistoryn keisarin jälkeen.
Therecordsofthefirstsixchaptersinclude:"TheListofPrincesandKings"thatrecordstheprincesofthesamesurnameintheearlyHanDynasty,"TheListofPrincesandKingsofDifferentNames"thatrecordstheprinceswithdifferentsurnames,andthe"ChronologyofHeroesandMinisters"fromtheEmperorGaozuoftheHanDynastytoEmperorChengdioftheHanDynasty"Etc.,byrecordingtherulingclasstoachievethepurposeofrespectingtheHan.
Thelasttwoarticleswereaddedtothe"HanShu",including:"BaoGuanGongQingBiao","AncientandModernCharactersTable",amongwhichthe"AncientandModernCharactersTable",BanGutookfromthethreeemperorsandfiveemperorstoQinChuThefamousfiguresinConfucianismaredividedintofourcategoriesandnineclassesbasedonConfucianism,listedinthetable;"BaiguanGongqingTable"introducestheofficialsystemintheQinandHandynastiesindetail.
Zhi
"Zhi""HanShussa" on jaettu kymmeniin lukuihin, jotka on omistettu kaanonjärjestelmän nousun ja putoamisen historialle.
Koska "HanShu" on jo käyttänyt "shua"shua sekaannusten välttämiseksi, "HistoricalRecords"-kansiossa oleva "Kirja" on muutettu muotoon "zhi".
Kymmenen "Hanshun" "zhi" kehitettiin "Historiallisten tietueiden" kahdeksaan "kirjan" pohjalta. "Liyuezhi", "Lvshu" ja "Almanakka" vaihdettiin "Lvlizhi"; "Tianguanshu"vaihdettiin"AstronomyFengosi" ,ja""HequBook"vaihdettiin"GullyRecordsiksi"ja"LevelingBook"vaihdettiin"FoodandGoodsRecordsiksi".
Samaan aikaan "CriminalLawChronicles", "FiveElementsChronicles", "ArtandLiteratureChricles" ja "Geography Chronicles" lisättiin. Feachchronicleen sisältö on enimmäkseen muinaista ja nykyaikaa, sen sijaan, että se keskittyisi Länsi-HanDyn historiaan.
Esimerkiksi "Maantiede" sisältää tiedot alueista, arkkitehtuurin historiasta, feodaalisesta sukulinjasta, tilanteesta ja tavoista, kuuluisten perheiden ja keisarien ylellisyydestä esi-Qin-, Qin- ja Länsi-Handynastioissa.
Thecollectionof"TheFiveElements"iscomposedoftheoriesaboutthecatastropheofthefiveelements.Butfromanotherperspective,large-scalenaturalhistorydataarepreserved.
"Astronomy"preservesalargenumberofastronomicaldataaboutthestars,solareclipses,andlunareclipsesfromancienttimestothefirstbirthdayofEmperorAioftheHanDynasty.
"CriminalLawHistory"summarizesthecriminallawfromancienttimestotheWesternHanDynasty,andpointsouttheheavypunishmentsusedbyEmperorWenwenandEmperorJingofHanDynasty.ItalsopointsouttheevilconsequencescausedbyEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyusingcruelofficials.
"Shihuozhi"detailedtheeconomicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty.
"Gouxiuzhi"describesthewaterconservancyprojectsfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty,andexplainsthestrategyofhydrologymanagement.
Elämäkerta
Thereare70"biographies"in"HanShu",stillaccordingtothelawof"HistoricalRecords",withGongqinggeneralsasbiographiesAtthesametime,itismainlybasedontheorderofthetimes,thefirstistheexclusivebiography,thesecondisthesecondcategory,andthefrontiertribesandforeignbiographyareagain,andfinallytherebelliouscourtier"WangMangElämäkerta"isattheend,andthesystemisdistinct.
Asforthetitlesofthebiography,exceptfor"ElämäkertaofPrincesandKings",allthetitlesaregivenbysurnameorgivenname.
Thesectionaboutscholarsofliteratureinthebiographiesof"HanShu"mostlyrecordstheiracademicandpoliticalcontent."XianliangStrategy"andsoon,thesearenotincludedin"HistoricalRecords".
Thebiographiesinthebiographiesinclude"TheLegendofTheScholars","TheLegendofXunLi","TheLegendoftheRanger","TheLegendofCoolOfficials",etc.Inaddition,the"ElämäkertaoftheOutsiders"and"TheElämäkertaoftheQueenoftheYuanDynasty"wereadded."ZongShiChuan",thesearealsothe"HistoricalRecords"doesnothave.
FortheSiyi,therearethreebiographyof"TheHuns","TheElämäkertaofSouthwesternBarbarianandGuangdongKorea",and"TheElämäkertaofWesternRegions".
Inaddition,imitatingthemeaningof"Taishigong'sPreface",thelastchapterof"Elämäkerta"is"SuElämäkerta",describingitswritingmotive,compilation,legends,etc."Elämäkerta"mainlyrecordstheWesternHanDynasty.Eachchapterofthe"Elämäkerta"isaccompaniedby"praise",i.e.,imitatingthestyleof"Taishigong"attheendofthe"HistoricalRecords"toillustratetheauthor'scriticismoropinionsonpeopleorthings.
Hakemiston tiedot
TheJi, jaettu kahteentoista osaan
HanShuJuanI,GaoDiJiI(thefirstofHanTaizuLiuBang)
HanScrolls,Gaodijin ensimmäinen osa (HanTaizuLiuBang)
HanScrollsErhuiDijiSecond (HanHuidiLiuying)
HanShuJuanSanGaoHouJiThird(HanGaoHouLvPhae,HanShaoEmperorLiuGong,HanShaoEmperorLiuHong)
HanShuJuanSiWenDiJiFourth(HanWenEmperorLiuHeng)
HanShujuanWujingdiJiNo.5(HanJingdiLiuQi)
HanShujuanLiuwudiJiNo.6(HanWudiLiuChe)
HanShujuanQizhaodiJiNo.7(HanZhaodiLiuFuling)
HanShujuanEightXuanEmperorJiEighth(HanXuanEmperorLiuXun)
HanShuJuanJiuYuanEmperorJiNinth(HanYuanEmperorLiuShi)
HanShujuanShichengdijiTenth(HanChengdiLiuYu)
HanShujuanShichengdiJixiNo.11(HanAidiLiuxin)
Hanshujuan12The12thPingEmperorJi(HanPingEmperorLiuYan)
Taulukko on jaettu kahdeksaan lukuun
HanScrolls,thethirteendifferentsurnameprincesandkingstablefirst(LiuPrincesoutsidethefamily)
HanShujuanfourteenprincesandkingsformthesecond(Liuclanprincesandkings)
HanShuju viisitoista prinssiä ja prinssiä kolmesta
HanShujuan15.PrinceandHouFormationOsaIII
HanShujuan16thGaoHuigaoHouwenMeritoriousList4th
HanShujuan17thJingWuzhaoXuanyuanSuccessfulMinisterListNo.Five
HanShujukahdeksantoista sukulaistaEnzehou muodostaa kuudennen
HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhone
HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhTableSeventhPartII
HanShujuanTwentyAncientand Modern People Table kahdeksas
Chronicles, jaettu lukuihin
HanShujuanIITheFirstPartoftheElevenLvsAlmanac(DengPing's"TaichuCalendar")
HanScrollin (LiuXinin "Santong-kalenteri") KaksikymmentäyksiLvs-kronikon ensimmäinen osa
HanShujuanKaksikymmentäkaksiRituaaliajaRecordsNo.2
HanShujuankaksikymmentäkolme ja rikosoikeudelliset asiakirjatNo.3
HanShujuanTwenty-fourShihuoZhiNo.4
HanShujuanTwenty-FourShihuoZhi,PartIV
HanShujuanTwenty-FiveJiaoSiZhi,FifthPart
HanShuJuanTwenty-FiveJiaoSiZhi,PartFifth
p>HanShujuantwenty-sixthandfifthelementsofthesixthchapter
HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhchapter
HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhmiddleschool
HanShujuan27thFiveElementsHistorySeventhMiddleLower
HanShujuan27.FiveElementsHistory7thLowerUpper
HanShuJuan27Viiden elementin historian seitsemäs osa
KahdeksasHanShujuan28Maantiede
HanShujuan28MaantiedeKahdeksas luku
HanShujuantwenty-nineGouXiazhininth
HanShujuanthirtyartandWenzhitenth(accordingtoLiuXiang’s""Nottoberecorded"andLiuXin's"SevenLue")
Elämäkerta,dividedinto70chapters,Gongqingwillbiographthem
HanScroll301ChenShengXiangjiElämäkertaFirst(ChenSheng,XiangJi)
HanShuJuanthirty-twoZhangErChenYuChuantwo(ZhangEr,ChenYu)
HanShuJuanthirty-threeWeiLeopardTianDanHanWangXinChuanthird[WeiBao,TianDan,HanWangXin(notthesamepersonasHanXin.)]
HanScrollThirty-FourHanPengyingLuWuChuanFourth(HanXin,PengYue,TingBu,LuWan,WuRui)
HanScrollThirtyFiveJingYanWuChuandiFive(JingWangLiuJia,YanWangLiuZe,WuWangLiuBi)
HanScroll36ChuYuanWangChuanSixth(ChuYuanWangLiuJiao,LiuXiang,LiuXin)
HanShuJuan37JiBuLuanBuTianShuZhuanseventh(JiBu,LuanBu,TianShu)
HanShuJuanthirtyeighthighfiveWangChuaneighth(LiuFei,LiuRuyi),LiuYou,LiuHui,LiuJian)
HanScrollThirty-nineXiaoHeCaoCanElämäkertaNinth(XiaoHe,CaoCan)
HanScrollFortyZhangChenWangZhouElämäkertaTenth(ZhangLiang,ChenPing,WangLing,ZhouBo)
HanShuVolume41FanLiTengGuanFuJinZhouElämäkertaNo.11(FanKuo,LiShang,XiaHouying,GuanYing,FuKuan,JinShe,ZhouSu)
HanScrollsforty-twoZhangZhou,ZhaoRenandShentuElämäkertatwelfth(ZhangCang,ZhouChang,ZhaoYao,RenAo,Shentujia)
HanScrollsForty-threeLi,Luzhu,LiuShusun'sbiography,thethirteenth(LiShiqi,LuJia,ZhuJian,LiuJing,Shusuntong)(HuainanLiKingLiuChang,HengshanKingLiuCi,JibeiZhenKingLiuBo)
HanShuJuan45KuaiWuJiangXifuElämäkertaNo.15(KuiTong,WuBei,JiangChong,XifuBow)
HanScrollofFortySixteenth,ShiWeizhi,ZhouZhangChuan(ShiFen,WeiWan,Zhibudou,ZhouRen,ZhangOu)
HanScrollfortySeventeenthoftheSeventeenthStoryofThreeKings(LiangXiaoWangLiuWu,DaiXiaoWangLiuCan,LiangHuaiWangLiuYi)
HanShuVolume48JiaYiElämäkertaNo.18(JiaYi)
HanShujuanforty-nineYuanAn,ChaoCuo'sbiography,nineteenth(YuanAn,ChaoCuo)
HanShujuan50ZhangFengjiZhengChuan20(ZhangShizhi,FengTang,JiAn,Zhengthen)
HanScroll51JiaZoumeiLuChuan21(JiaShan,ZouYang,MeiCheng,LuWenshu)
HanScroll52DouTianGuanHanChuan22(DouYing,TianFu,GuanFu,HanAnguo)
HanScrolls,53Scenery,ThirteenWangChuan23(LinjiangMinWangLiuRong,HeJianXianWangLiude,WangLiude,WangLiuyuofLinjiang,WangLiuyuoftheCommunistPartyofChina,LiuFei,KingofJiangduYi,YuWangLiuDuanofJiaoxi,KingZhaoJingsuLiuPengzu,JingWangLiuShengofZhongshan,LiuFaofDingWang,WangLiuYueofGuangchuan,LiuJiofKingKangofJiaodong,LiuChengofKingofQinghe,ChangshanXianwangLiuShun)
HanScrollsfifty-fourLiGuangsuJianzhuantwenty-fourth(LiGuang,SuJian)
HanScrollsfifty-fifthWeiQinghuoQuBingzhuantwenty-fifth(WeiQing,HuoQubing)
HanShuJuan56DongZhongshuElämäkerta26(DongZhongshu)
HanShuJuan57SimaXiangruElämäkerta27th(SimaXiang)Suchas)
HanScroll57SimaXiangruChuan27thPart(SimaXiangru)
HanScroll58Thetwenty-eighthbiographyofGongsunHongbuShierKuan(Gongsunhong,BuShi,NiKuan)
HanShujuan59ZhangTangChuan29(ZhangTang)
HanScroll60DuZhouElämäkertaNo.30(DuZhou)
HanScroll60OneQianLiGuangliElämäkerta31(ZhangQian,LiGuangli)
HanScroll60TheThirty-secondSimaQianElämäkerta(SimaQian)
HanShuJuan63WuZiElämäkertaThirty-third(PrinceLiuZheng,QiHuaiWangLiuHong,YanThornKingLiuDan,GuanglingLiWangLiuXu,ChangThekingofmourning,LiuLi,HaiyunhouLiuhe)
HanScroll64,YanZhuwuqiu,thefatherofXuYanzhong,JiaChuan34th(YanZhu,ZhuMaichen,WuqiuShouwang,FatherYan,XuLe,YanAn,Junjun,WangBao,JiaTuanzhi)
HanScrollsSixty-fiveDongfangShuoChuan35(DongfangShuo)
HanScrollsSixthSixteenGongsunLiuTianWangYangCaiChenZhengChuan36(GongSunHe,LiuQuyao,TianQianqiu,WangYu,YangChang,CaiYi,ChenWannian,ZhengHong)
HanScrollSixSeventeenthSeventeenthStoryofYang,Hu,ZhumeiandYun37(YangWangsun,HuJian,ZhuYun,MeiFu)
HanScroll69,ZhaoChongguo,XinQingjiElämäkerta39(ZhaoChongguo,XinQingji)
HanScroll70FuChangZhengGanChenDuanChuan40(FuJiezi,ChangHui,ZhengJi,GanYanshou,ChenTang,DuanHuizong)
Nämä seitsemänkymmentäyksi kääröä HanDynastysta erottuivat XuePingistä jaPengChuaninneljäkymmentäyhdeksästä (JunDou, ShuGuang, YuDingguo, XueGuangde, Pingdang, PengXuan)
HanScrolls72WangGongliangGongBaoChuan42(WangJi,GongYu,GongSheng,GongShe,BaoXuan)
HanScrolls73WeiXianElämäkerta43(WeiXian)
HanScrolls74WeiXiangBingjiElämäkerta44(WeiXiang,Bingji)
HanShuJuan75SuiLiangXiaHouJingyiLiChuan45(SuiHong,XiahouShichang,XiaHouSheng,JingFang,YiFeng,LiXun)
HanShuJuan76ZhaoYinHanZhangLiangWangChuan46(ZhaoGuanghan,YinWenggui,HanYanshou,ZhangChang,WangZun,WangZhang)
HanScroll77CoverZhugeLiuZhengSunWuJiangHeChuan47(GaiKuanrao,Zhugefeng,LiuFu,ZhengChong,SunBao,WuJianglong,HeBin)
HanShujuan78XiaoWangZhiElämäkerta48(XiaoWangZhi)
HanShujuan79FengFengshizhuan49(FengFengshi)
HanShujuan80XuanyuanSixWangzhuan50th(HuaiyangXianWangLiuQin,ChuXiaoWangLiuXiao,DongpingsiWangLiuyu,ZhongshanAiWangLiuJing,DingtaoGongWangLiuKang,ZhongshanXiaoWangLiuXing),MaGong)
HanShuVolume82WangShangShiDanFuXiElämäkerta52(WangShang,ShiDan,FuXi)
HanShuVolume83,XueXuan,ZhuBoElämäkerta53(XueXuan,ZhuBo)
HanShuJuan84ZhaiFangjinElämäkerta54(ZhaiFangjin)
HanShuJuan80WuGuYongDuYeChuan55(GuYong,DuYe)
HanShuJuan86HeWuWangJiaShiDanChuan56(HeWu,WangJia,ShiDan)
HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57thPart(YangXiong)
HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57Part(YangXiong)
HanShujuanEighty-EightScholarsElämäkerta58
HanShujuanEighty-NineXunLiZhuan59
HanShuJuanNinetyKuLiElämäkertaNo.6Ten
HanShujuanNinety-oneHuoShizhuan61
HanShujuanNinety twoTheLegendofRangers62
HanShujuanNinety-threeLuckyElämäkerta63
HanScrollsNinety-fourHunsElämäkerta64thPart(TheXiongnu)
HanScrollsNinety-fourHunsElämäkerta64thPart(TheXiongnu)
HanScrollNinety-Five,SouthwesternYi,GuangdongandKoreanElämäkerta65(SouthVietnam,WeishiKorea)
HanScrollNinety-sixWesternRegionElämäkerta66th(WesternRegion)
HanScrollNinety-SixElämäkertaoftheWesternRegions,66thPart(WesternRegions)
HanScrollsNinety-sevenElämäkertaofForeignRelatives,67thPart(foreignrelatives)
HanShujuanNinety-seven,ElämäkertaofForeignRelatives67thPart(Foreignrelatives)
HanShujuanNinety-EightYuanDynastyElämäkerta68(WangZhengjun)
HanShujuanNinetyTheSixty-ninthOneoftheLegendofNineKingsMang(WangMang)
Kuusikymmentäyhdeksännen Keskikoulunyhdeksänkymmentäyhdeksän WangMangin elämäkertaHanShujuanista (WangMang)
JiuXia(WangMang)
HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanFamilyHistory,BanGuPreface)
HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanjiaHistory,PrefacebyBanGu)
Liite
Hanshunarratiiviesimerkki
TangZhengyi,secretaryofthedoctor,wassupervisedandsupervisedthefoundingofLangxianCountyAncientessaysbyZiyanshi
ChuJun’spostureofphilosopher,theweightofguardian,thethreevirtuesofsurrender,theversatilityofninestreams,theremainingwindoftheYanHan,thebeginningandthebeginning,thenarrationofYiMengjian,JiaQihong'ssupport,thoughtthattherearestillmanysparsedisordersinclothingandying,andtheSuandJinfamiliescutoffthesand,andtheCai'scompilationisespeciallythescorpion.Sincethepresent,thereisenoughcontempt.Perplexedbytheearlydaysofthepreviousgenerationandthemanydoubtsinthefuture,GuZhaoisquiet,utterlyexhausted,andcorrectstheviolation,stimulatesthedepressionandstagnation,andwilluseitasametaphorfortheteeth,farawayfromthecountry,promotethesilkbelt,andenlightentheyouth.Quowesgreatregulations,preparesfavors,increasesgloryandchangesoutlook,emphasizesthesoundofpriceandflow.Dousun’smaterials,thoughtfulnessandstrength,andstubbornfeet,willeventuallybefar-reaching.Inthelightoftheyear,DaluinthelawissaidtobeTuyue,andhisbookisjustbeginning.Don'tbeashamedofmadness,usesuccinctly,succinctlyrefertoprecedents,andkeepupanddiscussthestyle."HanShu"hasnoannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.areallsoundandmeaning,andtheyareimplementedseparately.Inthemiddleofthenoon,lovehasJinzhuo,thecollectionisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteintendedtoincrease,whenthepredecessorsofthetimedebatewhetherornot,thetitleis"HanshuJizhu".ItbelongedtoYongjia'sfuneralandJinxingbroadcastmoved.Althoughthisbookexists,itwillnotreachJiangzuo.ItistheopinionoflovefromtheEasternJinDynastytoLiangandChen.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,testtheirtime,alsointheearlyJinDynasty,andcollectedallthesoundsandmeaningsofallthefamilies,alittlebitofwhattheysaw,andcontinuedthetoiletattheend.ItissaidthatZhenMingisnotwithoutdifference.Therearetwenty-fourvolumes,dividedintotwopieces.Today'sJiJie,soundandmeaningarehisbook,butlaterpeoplewillnotknowChenZan'swork,itiscalled"JiJie"suchasYingShao.Wang's"SevenRecords"andRuan's"SevenRecords"arealsoinscribedinYunran,withoutexaminingtheears.ScholarsalsoconsideredZan'ssurname,attachedtoAnshi,orYunfuclan,thereisnocleartext,notenoughtowinthetrust.CaiMoquantookthefirstpartofChenZanandscattereditintothe"HanShu",andsincethentherehasbeenanannotation.However,themeaningissuperficial,withoutconcealment,itisanobscurecompilation,andtherearemanyconfusingfacts.Thereasonforthisjobisquitedifferentfrombefore.Moalsohastwoorthreewrongideas,butthescholarshavenoHongyi.
Therearemanyancientcharactersintheoldtextsof"HanShu".Afterthecommentary,thescriptureshavebeenchangedandchanged,andlatergenerationslearnedtoreaditandchangeditwiththemeaningofthemagazine.Today,theancientversionofQucoreistrue,andthosewhoaredifficulttounderstandwillbeexplainedaccordingly.
Ancientandmodernvocabulary,dialectsandspeciallanguage,havenotlearnedtheskin,orfailedtounderstand,ifthemeaningisdoubtful,itwillincreaseanddecrease,strayandforgettoreturn,andthereisalotoffilthandabuse.Alltodayaredeleted,andtheoldisrestored.
Althoughtherearearticlesinthetables,therearemanytexts,whichleadtomiscellaneousmischief,lossoftimebeforeandafter,upanddown,upanddown,mixedinname,andbadinname.Today,Iamlookingforacasestudyofthearticle,thegeneralupdateispublished,clearandstunned,andtheterracesareexaminedandapproved.Intermsofitsarea,itismorelocalized.
Ritual,music,songsandpoems,eachaccordingtotherulesofthetime,shouldbeshortandstylized,andshouldnotbeconsistent.Thereadersareignorant,havenore-understandingofthebrokenchapters,theuncomprehensiveisseparated,andtherhymeofthesentenceiswrong,whichmakesagenerationofliterarytalents,emptyanddelicate,tiredandhardtolearn,andrarelycanlearn.Today,Ifollowitstwistsandturnstoanalyzethetruth,anditiseasytounderstand,anditisundoubtedlysluggish.Youcangetsatiricalandhappy.
Anyonewhosaysyesinthepastwillbeseamless,andtheywillbekeptinordertoshowthattheyarenothidden.Thereareafewhints,butthecontracthasnotbeenextended,anditcanbepassedthrough,sothateveryoneknowsit.Asfortheuncommonknowledge,themorechaoticyouare,themoreyoucancorrectittodispelconfusion.Ifyousaythatitisnotappropriate,youwillcompetewithwords,goforaheresy,andbeannoying,ugly,andyouwon'tgetanythingoutofit.Thereisnoexplanationoftheoldplace,butitisexplainedinmoredetail,andallcanbenegotiated.GoingtothetestofDianmo,andstudying"Cang"and"Ya"nexttoit, thereisnoconjecture,buttherearesupportingevidences.Thesixartsareincomplete,soyoucan'tseethefulltext.Therefore,thescripturesquotedbyXiang,Xin,Ban,Ma,Zhongshu,andZiyunmaybequitedifferentfromthoseofmodernConfucianism.Theymustnotrefutetheformersages.Painted.Today,eachisbasedonthisarticle,applyingChangJue'spoints,notwithoutexaminationandpractice,andtherationaleisappropriate,anditisalsoannotated"Li",whichisdifferentfrom"Shu"and "Yi".YuanKai'sinterpretationof"Zhuan"isnotrelatedtoMao,Zheng"Poetry"essay.Intermsofcategory,itismeaningful.Loveisself-reporting,Xiang,withmourningandpeace.Theyearshavebeennumerous,andallthetimeiswide.Therefore,thechronologyofthebiographyisdifferentfromtimetotime.Whenthepenisnotstopped,thebarnyardisstillleft,anditisalsotaughtbyfuturegenerations.Thesequenceismixed.Hewasfrankandperverted.Today, köyhien viisaus puhuu lähteestä jarakenteesta selittää.
Thewordmaybedifficulttorecognize,andithasborrowedsounds.Ifyouaskformoreotherscrolls,itwilleventuallybeabandoned.Todayisallunderneath,andthentranscribed.Asfarasitisoftenknown,thereisnoambiguity,everyoneknowsit,andthereisnotrouble.
Modernannotatedhistory,competingfortheblog,citingmiscellaneousstatements,attackingthisarticle,tothepointofslanderousremarks,stubbornness,showingtheinfrequenceofpreviousrepairs,thestrengthsandstrengthsofself-conception,andtheeffectofcontradictionTheenemy,thesuperbpowderandtheradiance.Today’scomment,Yipraisestheoldbooks,abidesbythetrack,andclosestheroad.
Thenotesofvariousfamilies,althoughyoucanseethename,asforJueli,itisquitedifficulttoknow.Thereisnothingleftinthebiography,asshownontheleft:
XunyuecharacterZhongyu,anativeofYingchuan,thesecretaryoftheLaterHanDynasty.(Hewrote30volumesof"HanJi",allofwhicharein"HanShu".)
FuqianZiShen,fromXingyang,laterHanShangshuminister,GaoPingling,Jiujiangprefect.(Theinitialnameisheavy,thenameischangedonly,andthenameislaternamedQiang.)
YingShaocharacterZhongYuan,(onecharacterZhongYuan,onecharacterZhongYuan.)RunanNandun,laterHanXiaoLing,YuShiCamporder,Taishanprefect.
FuyancharacterJinghong,amanfromLangxie.
LiuDe,fromBeihai.
Zheng,JinZhuo’sprefaceto"YinYi"doesnotknowitsname,butChenZan’s"JiJie"isnolongerknowntoZhengDe.Thereisnoevidence,butnowitiscalledZheng'searbyJinzhuo.
LiFei, lääni, josta hän tuli tuntemattomasta.
LiQi,fromNanyang.
DengZhan,anativeofNanyang,WeiJian'anisGeneralFenwei,andheisnamedGaoleTownship.
WenyingcharacterShuliang,anativeofNanyang,workedinJingzhouinthelateHanDynasty,andWeiJiananwastheChenglingMansionofGanling.
ZhangYi'scharacterisZhirang,anativeofQinghe,(Yiyunhejian.)WeiTaiheisaPh.D.(ExplanationofthefirstvolumeofSimaXiangruElämäkerta.)
SuLincharacterXiaoyou,ChenLiuwaiHuangren,WeiGeshizhong,SecretarySupervisor,SanqiChangshi,YonganWeiwei,TaizhongThedoctor,Dr.Huangmovedtojuniorhighschool,FengAnChengTinghou.
ZhangYanZibo,fromZhongshan.
RuChun,FengYi,WeiChenJuncheng.
Mengkangcharacterpublicholiday,AnpingGuangzong,WeiSanqiChangshi,HongnongTaishou,LingdianAgriculturalSchoolLieutenant,BohaiTaishou,Qishizhong,SanqiShilang,Zhongshuling,latertransferAsasupervisor,FengGuanglingTinghou.
XiangZhao, joka on kotoisin heistä on tuntematon.
WeiZhaocharacterHongsi,anativeofYunyang,Wujun,WuShangshulang,Taishiling,Zhongshulang,DoctorJijiu,Zhongshubushe,FengGaolingtinghou.
JinZhuo,fromHenan,JinShangShulang.
LiuBaoziDaozhen,anativeofGaoping,JinzhongShulang,HanoiPrefect,YushiZhongcheng,PrinceZhongshuzi,OfficialBulang,GeneralAnbei.(Theprinceattendingtheemperortalksabout"HanShu",don'thave"Refutation".)
ChenZan, sukunimi ja maakunta tuntematon.
GuoPun hahmoJingchun, Hedongin alkuperä, jalahja JinDynastylta Hongnongin prefektille.
CaiMoisanativeofDaoming,ChenLiukao,ascholaroftheFiveSoldiersoftheEasternJinDynasty,thesecretaryoftheTaichang,andthegovernorofXu,Yan,ThemilitaryoftheQingthreestates,ledtheXuzhouprovincialgovernor,Dr.ZuoGuangluopenedthemansiontothethreedivisions,ledtheYangzhoupastoralist,servedthemiddleSitunotworship,gavethewaiterthemiddleSikong,posthumousposthumoustitleofMuGong.
CuiHao'scharacterisBoshen,anativeofQinghe.LaterWeiShizhongenteredtheFujungeneral,ZuoGuanglu,andSitu,Fengdongjun.(Thesoundandmeaningof"HanJi"writtenbyXunYue.)
Jingyoupublishedtheschoollanguage
InSeptemberofthefirstyearofJingyou,SecretaryChengYuJingsaid："ThetextsoftheHanDynastyprintedbytheImperialCollegewerecorrupted,forfearofmistakesinlaterstudies.Theministerswouldliketorefertoallthebooks,accordingtothebooks,anddistinguishthemfromeachother.Ihopethatthepublicationsarecorrect."
ZhangGuan,etc.detailedthememorial,andorderedtheImperialCollegetotellWangZhuandJingkaitogotoChongwenyuan.InMarchofthesecondyear,Jingsaidagain:"AnexamplefromtheancientcaseofYanYan:BanGu's"HanShu",oldwithoutannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.,eachofthesoundsandmeanings,namedhimselfhisfamily.TotheWesternJinDynasty,Zhuo,Theanthologyisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteenrichedwithintentions.Whetherthesecondstudyofthetimedebateshouldbeornot,thetitleis"HanshuJizhu".IntheYongjiaRebellion,thisbookdoesnotreachJiangzuo.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,Examininghisera,itwasalsointheearlyJinDynasty,andthesoundsandmeaningsofallfamiliesweregatheredtogether.Frommyownpointofview,Icontinuedattheendofthetoilet.CaiMoquantookthisbookandscattereditintothevariouschapterswhereitiscalledthecollectionofexplanationsandsoundmeanings.Sincethen,therehasbeenanannotation.WhenEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,thecrownprinceinheritedtheorderofYanShigutopublishitanddeleteit.Replenishingstrategy,decidingtoself-speak,Confucianscholarssubscribetotheirdetailedknowledge,andthentheyformafamily.ThetotalnumberofConfucianannotations,thefirstnameisvisible,therearetwentyoutoffivepeople,andthejue,theage,andthehistoryarealmosthalfofthem.ExaminationofitsattachmentThesource,name,andageofthenotesinheritedbytheoldsayingsareengravedattheendofthisbookinordertohearandhope.Today’scolumnisasleft:
XunYue,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuXuru"
Fuqian,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuXuru"
YingShao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExample"
FuYan,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrativeExample"
LiuDe,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrativeExample""
Zheng, YunbeihaiinJinzhuon "Annotaatio" alkuperä, ei tunne nimeä, muttaChenZanthinksofZhengDe.Tässä kirjassa kutsutaan Zheng's.
LiFei,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"
LiQi,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrativeExamples"
DengZhan,seuraava sisältöSameas"HanshuXuru"
WenYing,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuXuru"
ZhangYi,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuXuru"
SuLin,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuNarrative"
ZhangYan,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuNarrative".
RuChun,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuNarrative"
MengKang,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuNarrative"
XiangZhao,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrativeExamples".
WeiZhao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"
JinZhuo,seuraava sisältö on "HanshuNarrativeExamples".
LiuBao,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrativeExamples".
ChenZan,Idon’tknowhissurname.CasePeiQi's"PrefacetoHistoricalRecords"saysthatMoknowshissurname.WeiLeng's"ContinuedTraining"wasunclear,whileLiuXiaobiao's"Leiyuan"thoughtYuZan,andLiYuan'sannotationof"ShuiJing"thoughtitwasXueZan.AccordingtoYaoCha's"XunZhuang",thecaseof"YuYiJi"YuZanwasthemasterofYi,thesoldierCaojoinedthearmy,andthenGeneralJianwei."JinZhongXingShu"statesthatYidiedofillness,butthegeneralYuZanandothersmadetrouble,thewingleaderShiJiangYuZhuzhi.YuZanisawinggeneralanddoesnotcontainannotated"HanShu".However,thevoicesandmeaningsadoptedbyallthefamiliesarenotpassedonJiangzuo.Inthecaseof"GaoJi""MaoLingShu"and"WenJi""HanLuZhiLing",thesetwobookswerealsolost,andtheywerenotallowedtocrosstheriver.ItisclearthatthisZanwasanativeofJinzhongDynasty,soitwasgranted.Thesoundandmeaningofitspredecessorsand"MaoLingShu""HanLing"andotherears.CaiMozhiJiangZuo,scatteredintothe"HanShu"withtwenty-fourvolumesofZan,thepresentnoteisalso.IfitiscalledYuZan,hewasfromtheEasternJinDynastyanddidnotmeeteachotherintheperiodoftime.ThisZanisnotenoughtoknow.Inanothercase,"TheElämäkertaofMuTianzi"islistedinthecatalog.Thesecretaryreadstheancienttext"TheElämäkertaofMuTianzi"bythesecretary,LangFuZan,andthosewhohaverecordedthe"ElämäkertaofMuTianzi"arenotallowedtostealthebooksfromtheancienttomb.InthecaseofChenZaninthe"HanShuYinyi",the"JiShu"isoftencitedtorefutethepreceptsofmanyfamilies.ThisZanissuspectedtobeFuZan.ZanShi'svocationaldiarywasproofread,sohewascalledaminister.YanShigusaidthatfuturegenerationsconsideredZan'ssurnameandattachedFu'sears.Thereisnocleartextandnotenoughtowintheletter.
GuoPu,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrative"
CaiMo,seuraava sisältö on"HanshuNarrative"
CuiHao,seuraava sisältöSameas"StudyofHanshu"
YanYan,thecharactermasterofancienttimes,wasanativeofYongzhouWannian.TangZhongshuShiLang,alsomasterofZhiSanqiChangShi,secretaryyoungsupervisor,bachelorofHongwenguan,FengLangxianCounty.
Septemberofthesecondyearoftheschoolbookiscompleted,everyincreaseof741characters,lossof212characters,correctionof1,330characters.
Teosten arvostus
Narratiivinen genre
Intermsofnarrative,"Hanshu"ischaracterizedbythesystematicandcompletenessofhistoricalevents,andstrivesforthebeginningandtheendofeverything,andthedescriptionisclear.ThisprovideduswithgreatconvenienceforunderstandingandstudyingthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynasty.Sofar,allstudiesofthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynastyhaveused"HanShu"asthebasichistoricaldata.
Intermsofgenre.Both"HanShu"and"ShiJi"arehistoricalbooksofJiChuanstyle.Thedifferenceisthat"HistoricalRecords"originatedfromthelegendary"FiveEmperors"andendedintheeraofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.Itisageneralhistory;while"HanShu"isachronologicalhistorydedicatedtothehistoricaleventsoftheWesternHanDynasty.ThisgenreofchronologicalhistoryisthecreationofBanGu.Thisgenrehasbeenadoptedinthe"officialhistory"ofsubsequentdynasties.ThisisBanGu'smajorcontributiontomycountry'shistoriography.
Tyylin evoluutio
Verrattuna "Historical Records" -tyyliin "Hanshun" tyyli on muuttunut. Historialliset tietueet"on yleistä historiaa ja "HanShu" isakronologista historiaa.
"HanShu"changedthe"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords"to"Ji","Elämäkerta"to"Elämäkerta","Shu"to"Zhi",abolished"AristocraticFamily",andafamilyofscholarsintheHanDynastyAllareincludedinthe"biography".Thesechangeswerefollowedbysomelaterhistorybooks.
Therelativelycompletequotationofedictsandmemorialsinthe"HanShu"hasbecomeanimportantfeatureofthe"HanShu".Inaddition,thecontentoftheborderethnicminoritiesisalsoquiterich.
"Hanshu" lisäsi äskettäin"CriminalLawHistory","FiveElementsHistory","GeographyHistory","ArtandLiteratureHistory".
"CriminalLawHistory"systematicallynarratesnationallawsandregulations,whichisofreferencesignificanceforstudyingthedevelopmentoflawsinourcountry.
"Maantiede" on kirjattu tuolloin hallintoalueille, kotitalouksien rekisteröinnille, kiinteistöille, taloudelle ja ihmisten oloille.
"Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicgenresandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry.
"Shihuozhi" kehittyi "tasoituskirjasta", mutta sisältö on rikkaampi.Sillä on kaksi osaa. Ensimmäinen osa puhuu "ruoasta" eli maatalouden taloudellisesta tilanteesta;toinen osa puhuu "tavaroista", eli kaupankäynnin tilanteesta ja ajankohtaisista asioista.
Thedescendantsofthe"BaiguanGongqingForm"in"HanShu"arehighlyrespected.Itisabrieftableofthefourteenthandthirty-fourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersoftheHanDynasty.
"HanShun" historiallinen lähde ennen keisaria Wu:ta oli "Historialliset tietueet". Jälkimmäisen on kirjoittanut hänen isänsä, nämä toiset"Historialliset tietueet"jatkuvat jokaisen perheen kesken, jakolmannettoiset tietueet.
Aiheeseen liittyviä huomautuksia
Annotaatio
"Hanshu"mostlyusesancientcharactersandancientmeanings.Thecharactersaredifficulttounderstand,sothatthepeopleofBanGu'scontemporarieshadtoMakethephoneticandmeaningnotesforthe"Hanshu"sothatitcanbereadandunderstood.Accordingto"SuiShu·JiZhi"records,fromtheEasternHanDynastytotheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,therewereabout20annotationstothe"HanShu",andmostofthemwerenoteswithsoundandmeaning.
Asfortheannotationsof"HanShu",alltheannotationsmadebyvariousscholarsbeforetheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.WangXianqianoftheQingDynastyimitatedtheclassicsuccinctstyletoannotatetherepresentativeworkoftheoldhistory,"HanShuSupplementaryNote".Thebookisbasedontheopinionsofvariousfamilies.Afteryearsofintensiveresearch,theinexplicablepointscanbeunderstood.Therefore,itisstillrespectedbythedomesticandforeignhistorians..Theseannotationshavedetailedresearchonthepronunciation,meaningandhistoricalfactsofthecharactersinthe"Hanshu",whichprovideuswithconvenienceforreadingthe"Hanshu"andbecomeanimportanttoolforusingthe"Hanshu"today.
Lisäksi YangShudan "HanshuGlimpse" ja "HanshuSupplements and Corrections" voidaan lukea viitteeksi.
Tutkimus ja tilaus
"ReadingHanshuMagazine"(QingDynasty·WangNiansun),"HanshuAnnotaatioandCorrection"(QingDynasty·ZhouShouchang),betterthanYinxunandWenyi."HanShuShuzheng"(QingDynasty·ShenQinhan),"HanShuDiscrimination"(QingDynasty·QianDazhao),"HanShuGuanJian"(QingDynasty·ZhuYixin),"HanShuSuoYan"(QingDynasty·ShenJiaben),Goodattextualresearch,exegesisandcollationarealsoquitedesirable."HanShuJingguan"(RepublicofChina·YangShuda),goodatcollationofexegesis.
"HanShuXinzheng" (moderni·ChenZhi), systemaattinenkäyttö muinaisten esineiden, kuten Hanbambooslips,Hansteles,QinandHanbronzes,lakkaesineetJuyanissa ja Dunhuangissa,QinandHansealsissa.
Inaddition,JinShaoying's"HanshuShihuoZhiJiShi"isanimportantreferencebookforstudyingtheeconomyoftheHanDynasty.CenZhongmian's"HanShuXiyuChuandili"isamust-readforstudyingtheevolutionofthenamesoftheWesternRegions.
WangXianqianattheendoftheQingDynastycollectedtheessenceof67researchbooksandwrote"HanShuSupplementaryNotes."Althoughtherearenotmanypersonalinventions,hehasstrongcomprehensivedecision-makingabilityandoutstandingachievements.Thereisnosubstituteforitsofar.Itisthemostbasicreferencebookforreading"HanShu".ThedisadvantageisthattheopinionsofQianDazhao,ZhouShouchangandothersareunprepared.Therefore,thetextbooksofscholarsintheQingDynastyshouldnotbediscardedlightly,andthenewachievementsofscholarsinmoderntimesneedmoreattention.
TheQingpeoplehavemademanycorrectionsandcorrectionsrelatedtothe"HanShu"tablerecords,andtheirachievementsarealsogreat.Representativemasterpiecesareincludedinthetwobooks"Twenty-FiveHistorySupplements"and"TenKindsofSupplementstotheTablesoftheRecordsoftheHanDynasty".Amongthem,XiaXie's"EightBiaosofSchoolBooks",LiangYusheng's"RenbiaoKao",YangShoujing's"HanshuGeographySupplements",andYaoZhenzong's"HanshuYiwenZhiSupplements"arethemostimportant.
WangYinglinintheSongDynastywrotetenvolumesof"ATextualResearchonHanshuArtandLiteratureRecords",andadetailedexaminationandorderingofmorethan380books.Thelanguage,DengXiziisnotkilledbyZichan,andZhuangHuqi’ssternhelpisretorted.ItmeansPangmengateverydoor,butonlythreeorfivearticles.”Italsocontains27unrecordedbooks,“TheBookofChanges”.Added"Lianshan","ReturntoTibet","ZiXiaYiZhuan";"Poetry"added"YuanWangShi";"Rite"added"BigDaiLi","LittleDaiLi","WangZhi","HanYi";"Le"categoryadded"YueJing","YueYuanYu";"ChunqiuLei"added"MingshiChunqiu";Taoistadded"LaoziZhigui","SuWangMiaoLun";Legalistadded"LawofHanDynasty","LingofHanDynasty";politicalexpertsadded"Guiguzi";astronomicaladded"Xia'sSunandMoonElämäkerta","Gan'sSuiXingJing","Shi'sStarJing","WuxianFive-StarZodiac",""ZhouTi","StarElämäkerta"..."isthefirstacademicworktosystematicallystudy"HanShuYiWenZhi".WangYinglinbelievedthatitwasinappropriateforthelieutenantpresidentofthe"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"tobeincludedinthe"YinyangFamily",andhealsodeterminedthatHuangfuMiSuoyun's"YiyinTangye"isthe"Tang"of"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"LiquidClassics.Anotherexample:"LaoZiZhiguiCannotRecordSuiZhi:ElevenVolumes,writtenbyYanZun.LieziexplainedWenyun:Zun,thewordJunPing,composesfourteenchaptersandexplainsfivethousandessays."YaoZhenzongofQingDynastyalsowrote"Han"SupplementstoCalligraphy,ArtandLiterature,sixvolumes,thirty-fourkindsofsupplements.
Sukupolvien vaikutus
Historiallinen tila
Thehistoriographyof"Hanshu"isdividedinto12chapters,mainlyrecordingthedeedsoftheWesternHanemperors;Table8,MainlyrecordsthedeedsofthecharactersintheHanDynasty;10chapters,dedicatedtothesystem,astronomy,geography,andvarioussocialphenomena;70chapters,mainlyrecordingthelivesofvariouscharactersandthehistoryofethnicminorities.
BanGun "HanShu" noudattaa "Historical Recordsin" tyyliä. Erona on se, että "HistoricalRecordsissa" on "aristokraattisia perheitä", mutta "HanShu" ei.""HanShu" nimettiin uudelleen "Zhi".
"HistoricalRecords"runsthroughtheancientandmodern,notlimitedtodynasties,soitiscalledGeneralHistory."HanShu"chroniclesareallhistoricalfactsoftheWesternHanDynasty,soitiscalledthehistoryofdynasties.
Dynastioiden historia alkoiBangusta, ja myöhempien dynastioiden niin kutsuttu "säännöllinen historia" seurasi "HanShu"-genreä, kuten LiuZhijis sanoi: "Tästä hetkestä lähtien ei ole tapahtunut muutosta." Voidaan nähdä, että sen historiallinen tila on erittäin tärkeä.
Thestatusof"HanShu"inthehistoryofChineseliteratureisalsoveryprominent.Itwritespeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthespiritof"factualrecords",whichisvividintheplain,andcanbecalledamodelofbiographicalliteratureforlatergenerations,suchas"HuoGuangZhuan","SuWuZhuan","WaiQiElämäkerta","ZhuMaichenElämäkerta"andsoon.Inaddition,"HanShu"alsorecordsthehistoryofethnicminorities."HanShu"inheritsthefinetraditionof"HistoricalRecords"asaspecialbiographyofethnicminorities,andusesnewhistoricalmaterialstoexpand"HistoricalRecordsDawanElämäkerta"into"ElämäkertaoftheWesternRegions",narratingthehistoryofdozensofregionsandneighboringcountriesintheWesternRegionstosupplement,AddedalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.
työn vaikutus
Luo treffihistorian tyyli
Firstofall,"Hanshu"pioneeredahistorynarrativemethodofdatinghistory,thestyleisforlatergenerationsInheritance.SincetheQinandHandynasties,ithasbeenamonarch-basedgovernment.Thepeopleofthisdynastyoftendarenotdirectlycommentonthepoliticsofthedynasty,andtherearemanytaboos.Thehistoryofthedynastyconformstotheauthor’spsychology,becausethepreviousdynastyhasdied,andtherearefewerdoubtsaboutthepoliticalaffairsofthepreviousdynasty.Easiertoplay.Therefore,assoonasthe"HanShu"waspublished,theofficialhistoryofalldynastiesafterwardswasbasedonthedatingofdynasties.
ThereasonwhyBanGuisdatedtohistoryisnotaccidental,buttoadapttotherequirementsofthetimes.HesummarizedthehistoricalworksofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyintheearlyyearsoftheEasternHanDynasty,aboutacenturyandahalf,andcreativelydevelopedthemwiththepurposeofservingthepoliticalserviceoftherulingclassatthattime.BanGubelievesthatthegeneralhistorystyleof"HistoricalRecords"putstheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty"attheendofahundredkings,sidebysidewiththeQinitems",whichisnotconducivetothepromotionof"Hanmorality",anditisdifficulttohighlightthehistoricalpositionoftheHanDynasty.Thisisthebasisforthe"HanShu"tobehistory.Therefore,the"BookofHan""includesonegeneration",startingfromtheestablishmentoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,andfinallytheendofthenewdynasty,inordertohighlightLiuBang,"GaoDiJi"wasplacedinthefirstchapter.Thisstyleofdatinghistorywaspraisedbylaterfeudalhistoriansandbecamethebasisforthecompilationofthe"AuthenticHistory"ofthepastdynasties.
Secondly,intermsofcompilationstyle,"HanShu"inheritedanddevelopedthecompilationformof"HistoricalRecords",makingJiElämäkertaamorecompletecompilationstyle.TheElämäkertaiscenteredonbiographies.Althoughtheyareindependentofeachother,theyareconnectedtoeachother,sothewholebookcanbeintegratedintoawhole.Itcannotonlyenumeratetheoutlineofhistoricaldevelopment,butalsodescriberelatedhistoricaleventsindetail.Itisnotonlyeasytochecktheactivitiesofindividualcharacters,butalsotakesintoaccountthehistoricalevolutionofthecanonsystem.Itsadvantagesaresomanythatitcanbeusedbylaterhistorians.
Forexample,althoughthe"HistoricalRecords"establishedthe"LüHouBenji",itusedtheHuiEmperortorecordtheyears,andthe"HanShu"supplementedthe"HuiDiJi"tosolvetheconfusioninthe"HistoricalRecords";Therecordsoftheyearandmontharealsomoredetailedandclearerthaninthe"HistoricalRecords".Regardingthelayoutofthebiography,the"HanShu"isbasicallychronologicallyordered,andthestyleismoreuniformthanthatofthe"HistoricalRecords"."HanShu"inheritedtheadvantagesofJiChuanstyle,andsincethen ,virallinen historia on seurannutJiChuanstylen tyyliä.
Furthermore,thefournewlycreated"Hanshu"recordsthepolitical,economicsystemandsocialcultureoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,whicharemorecompletethanthe"HistoricalRecords",thusimprovingthe"Hanshu"Thehistoricalvalueofthedata.
Historiallisen tutkimuksen kentän laajentaminen
Amongtheten"Zhis"of"HanShu","ShiHuoZhi"provideseconomicsystemandsocialproductionstatus.Abundanthistoricalmaterials;"GouXiaZhi"systematicallydescribestheconstructionofwaterconservancyintheQinandHanDynasties;"Geography"isChina'sfirstgeographyworkwithterritorialandpoliticalareasasthemainbody,andpioneeredthestudyofthehistoryofgeographyandthehistoryofgeographyinfuturegenerations;"LiYueZhi","JiaoSiZhi",and"CriminalLawHistory"recordpolitics,militaryaffairs,lawandrelatedordinances,respectively;"FiveElements","AstronomyHistory"and"LvLiZhi"areallresearchesofancientnaturalsciencesValuableinformation."Yiwenzhi"discussesthesourceandschoolofancientacademicthoughtanditsmeritsanddemerits.Itisanextremelyprecioushistoricalmaterialofancientculture.
Bibliografisen tyylin luominen
Theten"Chronicles"arelargeinscaleandrichinrecords.Theyhavedetailedrecordsonpolitics,economy,ideologyandculture,especiallyThepartaboutSinicizationismoredetailed.Thecalligraphystylewasoriginallycreatedinthe"HistoricalRecords",andthe"Hanshu"wasdeveloped.Thefuturegenerationsoftheofficialhistoryofthebookaremostlybasedontheten"zhi"ofthe"Hanshu".Thecalligraphystylehasalsobecomeimitatedbythecompilationofthehistoryofthecanonsystemoflatergenerations,suchas"TongDian"byDuYouintheTangDynasty.
Bibliografian luominen
In"Yiwenzhi",LiuXin's"SevenLue"isusedtodividetheancientacademicworksintosixmajorThethirty-eightsub-categoriesarediscussedtoenablepeopletohaveaclearerunderstandingoftheevolutionanddevelopmentofvariousacademicschools.Inaddition,itretainsthegeneralappearanceofthe"SevenLue",whichhasbecomeanimportantworkforpeopletostudytheevolutionofacademicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.ItistheearliestsurvivingbookcatalogandacademicculturalhistoryinChina.
Tärkeiden historiallisten asiakirjojen säilyttäminen
Theexisting"Hanshu"isabout800,000characters,andthevolumeisricherthanthe"ShiJi".Itaddedalotofimportantedicts,mainlyinthepartofEmperorJi.Amongmanybiographies,"HanShu"alsocontainsalotofmemos,countermeasures,writingsandlettersrelatedtopolitics,economy,militaryandculture.IntheTenChroniclesofHanshu,therearealsosimilarimportanthistoricaldocumentsincluded,suchas"Shihuozhi"includedinChaoCuo's"OnGuisuShu"andsoon.
The"Hanshu"alsosupplementsthe"HistoricalRecords"onthehistoryofvariousnationalitiesathomeandabroad.Forexample,onthebasisof"HistoricalRecords:TheElämäkertaoftheXiongnu",the"BookofHan"addsalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,andmorecompletelydescribesthehistoryoftheHunsfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.The"HanShu"mergedtheNanyue,Dongyue,Korean,andSouthwesternBarbarianElämäkertaofthe"HistoricalRecords".Onthebasisofsupplementingalargenumberofhistoricalfacts,itwaswritteninamoredetailed"SouthwestBarbarianandGuangdongKoreanElämäkerta"intheformofacombinedbiography.Atthesametime,"HanShu"changed"History·DawanElämäkerta"to"WesternRegionsElämäkerta",whichrecordsthehistoryofvariousethnicgroupsinXinjiangtoday,aswellasthehistoryofCentralandSouthwestAsiancountries.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.
Vahva feudalortodoksinen ajatus
IntheeraofBanGu’slife,feudaltheologicalthoughthaddevelopedintotherulingthoughtatthattime,andBan’sfatherandsonwere"onlyHistorianswhohavedevotedthemselvestothesage’swaynaturallytakethemaintenanceoffeudaltheologyastheirresponsibility,andregardthesage’swayastheguidingideologyoftheirwritings.Inthisway,whileinheritingthecontentof"HistoricalRecords",theauthoraccusesitofbeing"quiteridiculoustothesaints",thustamperingwiththeviewpointsof"HistoricalRecords",makingthe"HanShu"moreinlinewithfeudalorthodoxy.
Fromtheperspectiveofideologicalcontent,"Hanshu"isnotasgoodas"HistoricalRecords".BanGuoncecriticizedSimaQianforbeing"ridiculousaboutrightandwrongthanasaint."Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQiandidnotcompletelyuseConfucianthoughtasthecriterionforjudgingrightandwrong,whichisworthyofrecognition,butBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxyintheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory.
HanShudeifiedtheimperialpoweroftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastyandsupportedtheHanastheorthodoxthought.ItspurposewastodemonstratethelegitimacyoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyandtodeifytheimperialauthorityoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Therefore,the"FiveVirtues"basedonthetheoryofYinandYangandtheFiveElementsandthedoctrineoffeudalgodsconferredbythegodofkingshipbecamethedominantideasofthe"HanShu".Inordertopromotethefeudaltheologicalthoughtsof"HeavenandHumanReception"anddisasterauspiciousness,the"BookofHan"firstcreatedthe"FiveElements",whichspecificallydescribedthemysticaldoctrineofthefiveelementsanddisasters.Deeds.
Versiot
Therearemanyversionsof"HanShu",andmostofthepreviousversionsoftheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.
Qing-dynastian Qian-jakson aikana "DianBen" painettiin WuyingHallissa, joka tunnetaan myös nimellä "WuyingHall".
DuringtheTongzhiperiodoftheQingDynasty,theQinggovernmentalsopublishedthe"Juben".
QingDynastyssa julkaistut "DianBen" ja "JuBen" ovat molemmat parempia versioita "HanShusta".
DuringtheRepublicofChina,the"BaiNunEdition"publishedbytheCommercialPresswasaphotocopyofthe"JingyouEdition"oftheNorthernSongDynasty.Itcontainsfewerrorsandisararecopyofthe"HanShu".
In1962,thepunctuationprints(12volumesintotal)publishedbyZhonghuaBookCompanywereintensivelyeditedbyexpertsandscholars.
,Istoday's passbook.
YanShin muinaiset huomautukset"HanShu"on kokoelma huomautuksia.