ItemRegulations
Classificationofcheckrecords
Checkrecordsinclude:absoluterecords,relativerecords,andnon-statutoryrecords.mycountry's"NegotiableInstrumentsLaw"and"PaymentandSettlementMeasures"stipulatethattwoabsoluterecordscanberecordedbytheissuerintheformofauthorizedsupplementaryrecording,including:theamountofthecheckandthenameofthepayee.Notethatitcannotbeusedbeforethesupplementaryrecordingismade.
(1)Absoluterecords:①Indicatethewords"check";②Unconditionalpaymentcommission;③Confirmedamount;④Nameofpayer;⑤Dateofissue;⑥Signatureandsealofissuer.ItisarequiredentryrequiredbytheNegotiableInstrumentsAct.Ifacertainentryismissing,theinvoicewillbeinvalid.
(2)Relativerecords:①Theplaceofpayment(iftheplaceofpaymentisnotrecordedonthecheck,theplaceofpaymentisthebusinessplaceofthepayer)②Theplaceofissue(wheretheplaceofissueisnotrecordedonthecheck),Thenthebusinessplace,residence,andhabitualresidenceoftheissuershallbetheplaceofissue).Itmeansthatthenegotiableinstrumentlawrequiresthatitshouldberecordedbutnotrecorded.Ifitisnotrecorded,itcanbepresumedthroughlegalprovisionswithoutcausingthenegotiableinstrumenttobeinvalid.
(3)Non-statutoryrecords:①thepurposeofthecheck;②thecontractnumber;③theagreedliquidateddamages;④thecompetentcourt,etc.Non-statutoryrecordsdonothavetheeffectonthecheck.
Features
1.Easytouse,simpleandflexibleprocedures;
2.Thepaymentdeadlineforthecheckisfromthedateofissue10daysfromthebeginning;
3.Chequescanbeendorsedandtransferred,butchecksusedforcashwithdrawalcannotbeendorsedandtransferred.
Classification
Registeredcheque
(Chequepayabletoorder)isinthepayablecolumnofthecheque,indicatingthereceiptThenameofthepayee,suchas"Limitedpayment(PayAOnly)"(PayAOnly)or"SpecifiedPerson"(PayAOrder),mustbesignedandsealedbythepayeebeforewithdrawalcanbemade.
Bearercheque
(Chequepayabletobearer)isalsoknownasablankcheque.Thepayee’snameisnotrecordedonthecheque,andonly"Payabletobearer"iswrittenonthecheque."(Paybearer).Whenwithdrawingmoney,theholderdoesnotneedtosignonthebackofthecheckinordertowithdrawit.Thischeckisonlytransferablebydelivery.
CrossedCheque
(CrossedCheque)isacheckwithtwoparallellinesdrawnonthefrontofthecheque.Crossedchequesaredifferentfromordinarychecks.Crossedchequesarenotallowedtobecollectedbythebank,sothebankcanonlyentrustthebanktocollectthepaymentandenteritintotheaccount.Thepurposeofusingacrossedcheckistorecoverthepaymentthroughcluescollectedbythebankwhenthecheckislostorfraudulentlycollected.
CertifiedCheque
(CertifiedCheque)meanstopreventthedrawerfromissuingabadcheck,toensurepaymentwhenthecheckispresented,andthereceiptofthecheckThepersonortheholdermayrequestthebankto"guarantee"thecheck.Guaranteedpaymentiswhenthepayingbankaffixesa"guaranteed"stamponthechecktoindicatethatthepaymentmustbemadewhenthecheckispresented.Oncethechequeisguaranteedandpaid,thepaymentresponsibilityisbornebythebank.Boththedrawerandendorserareexemptfromrecourse.Afterthepayingbankguaranteesthepaymentofthecheck,itwilltransferthepaymentfromtheissuer'saccounttoaspecialaccountforpayment.Therefore,whentheguaranteedcheckispresented,itwillnotberefunded.
CashCheque
(cashCheque)isakindofchequespeciallymadetowithdrawcash.Whencustomersneedtousecash,theycansigncashchecksatanytimeandwithdrawcashfromthebankthatholdstheaccount.Thebankwillunconditionallypaythepayeeacashbillofacertainamountwhentheticketisseen.
Bankcheque
(Banker’sCheque)isachequeissuedbyabankandpaidbythebank.Itisalsoabankdraftatsight.Bankscanwritebankcheckswhenhandlingdraftremittancesonbehalfofcustomers.
Traveller’sCheque
(Traveller’sCheque)isafixed-amountpaymenttoolissuedbyabankortravelagencyfortourists.Ameansofpaymentforinstitutionstopurchasewithcash.
Comparedwithotherchecks,traveler’scheckshavethefollowingcharacteristics:
①Theamountisrelativelysmall.
②Thereisnodesignatedpayerandpaymentplace.Youcanwithdrawmoneyattheforeignbranchoftheissuingbank,travelagencyoragencypoint.
③Itissafer.Whenpurchasingtraveler’schequesandwithdrawingmoney,travelersmustgothroughtheinitialsigningandre-signingprocedures,andthetwomustmatchbeforewithdrawing.
④Thesenderisalsothepayee.Othercheckscanonlybeissuedbydepositinginabank,andtraveler'schecksarepurchasedwithcash,similartobankdrafts,exceptthatthesenderoftraveler'schecksisalsothepayee.
⑤Thecirculationperiodisnotspecified.Sincetheissuanceoftraveler’schecksrequiresahandlingfee,andtheoccupiedfundsdonothavetopayinterest,itisprofitable.Therefore,variousbanksandtravelagenciesarecompetingtoissuetraveler’schecks.
Applyfor
1.Toopenacheckingdepositaccount,theapplicantmustusehisorherrealnameandsubmitalegaldocumenttoprovehisidentity;
2.OpenForcheckingdepositaccounts,applicantsshouldreservetheirownsignaturestyleandseal;
3.Toopencheckdepositaccountsandreceivechecks,theyshouldhavereliablecreditanddepositacertainamountoffunds.
Use
1.Transfercheckscanbeendorsedandtransferred;cashcheckscannotbeendorsedandtransferred.
2.Thecheckreminderpaymentperiodistendays(fromthedaythecheckisissued,theduedatewillbepostponedincaseofofficialholidays).
3.Thedateofissuanceofthecheck,thecapitalizationamountandthenameofthepayeeshallnotbechanged.Ifothercontentiswrong,itcanbecorrectedbycrossingalineandaffixedwithoneofthereservedbankseals.
4.Ifthecheckislost,youcanapplytothepayingbanktoreportthelossandstoppayment;thebankwillnotacceptthepaymentifthepaymenthasbeenmadebeforethelossisreported.
5.Theissuerissuesablankcheck,acheckwhosesealdoesnotmatchthebank'sreservedseal.Inadditiontorefundingthecheck,thebankwillalsocharge5%ofthefaceamountbutnotlessthan1,000yuanfine.Theholderhastherighttorequestthedrawertocompensate2%ofthecheckamount.
*6,"PaymentandSettlementMeasures"ofthePeople'sBankofChina(Yinfa[1997]No.393)"Article125Theissuerissuesablankcheck,andacheckwhosesealdoesnotmatchthebank'sreservedseal,Usethepaymentpasswordarea,paythecheckwiththewrongpassword,thebankshallrefundtheticketandimposeafineof5%butnotlessthan1,000yuanonthefaceamount;theholderhastherighttoaskthedrawertocompensate2%ofthecheckamount..Forrepeatedissuance,thebankshallstoptheissuanceofchecks.""NoticeofthePeople'sBankofChinaonIssuesConcerningAdministrativePenaltiesforIssuingBadCheques"(Yinfa[2005]No.114)"Part(1)QualificationsofSubjectstoImposePenalties:Inaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofthe"AdministrativePunishmentLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"andthe"MeasuresfortheImplementationofBillManagement",thePeople'sBankofChinaanditsbranchesshallimplementtheissueofbadcheques,andtheissuersofchequeswhosesignaturesandsealsdonotmatchthereservedbankaccounts.Administrativepenalties.Articles125and239ofthe"PaymentandSettlementMeasures"shallbesuspended."
Scopeofapplication
AllpaymentsbetweenunitsandindividualsinthesamecitybillexchangeareaCheckscanbeusedforsettlement.SinceJune25,2007,chequeshavebeenadoptednationwide,andchequescanalsobeusedforpaymentandsettlementbetweendifferentcities.
Applicationprocedures
1.Toopenacheckingdepositaccount,theapplicantmustusehisorherrealnameandsubmitalegaldocumenttoprovehisidentity;
2,openToopenacheckdepositaccount,theapplicantshouldreservehisownsignatureandseal;
3.Toopenacheckdepositaccountandreceiveacheck,theapplicantshouldhaveareliablecreditanddepositacertainamountoffunds.
Reporttheloss
Commonchequesandcashchequesthathavebeenissued.Ifitislostduetoloss,theft,etc.,youshouldimmediatelyapplytothebanktoreporttheloss.
(1)Iftheissuerlosesorstolenacheckthatcanbedirectlywithdrawnincash,etc.,itshouldissueanofficialletterorrelevantcertification,andfillinthetwo-partlossreportapplicationform(youcanreplaceitwithanincomingbill),stampthesignatureandsealofthereservedbank,andapplytothebankthatopenedtheaccounttoreportthelossandstoppayment.Thebankfindsthatthecheckhasnotbeenpaid,andacceptsthereportofthelossafterchargingacertainlossreportingfee,andusesaredpentoindicatethechecknumberandthedateofthelossreportintheaccountofthepersonwhoreportedtheloss.
(2)Thepayeeshallalsoissueanofficialletterorrelevantcertificationforthelossortheftofthechequeacceptedfordirectcashwithdrawal,andfillinthetwocopiesoftheapplicationforreportinglossandstoppayment,signedbythepayerAfterproof,applytothepayee'sbanktoreportthelossandstoppayment.Otherrelevantproceduresarethesameasabove.Atthesametime,accordingtoArticle15paragraph3ofthe"NegotiableInstrumentsLaw":"Thepersonwholosestheticketshall,within3monthsafterthenotificationofthelossreportandstoppayment,orafterthelossoftheinstrument,applytothepeople’scourtforpublicnotice,orfilearequestwiththepeople’scourt.Litigation."Thatis,whenthebillisstolen,lost,ordestroyed,theholderofthenegotiablebillthatcanbeendorsedmustapplyinwritingtothebasicpeople'scourtwherethebillispaid(thatis,theplaceofpayment).Intheapplicationformsubmittedbythepersonwholostthetickettothepeople’scourt,themaincontentoftheticket,includingthetypeoftheticket,theamountoftheticket,thedrawer,thepayer,andtheendorser,shouldbestated,andthecircumstancesofthelossoftheticketshouldbestated.Atthesametime,relevantevidenceshouldbepresentedtoproveTheholderofthenegotiableinstrumentthatheisindeedtheloserhastherighttoapply.
Beforethepersonwholosttheticketreportedthelosstothepayer,orbeforethepersonwholosttheticketappliedforpublicreminder,ifthebillhasbeenpaidingoodfaithbythepayer,thepersonwholosttheticketshallnotapplyforpublicremindertomakepaymentagain.Thebankisnolongerliableforpayment.Thelosscausedtotherightholderofthecheckshallbebornebythepersonwholostthecheck.
Accordingtoregulations,thetransfercheckthathasbeenissuedislostorstolen.Sincethischeckcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsdirectly,thebankdoesnotacceptlossreporting.Therefore,thepersonwholosestheticketcannotapplytothebanktoreportthelossorstoppayment.Butyoucanaskthepayeeandthebankthatholdstheaccounttohelppreventit.Ifthelostcheckexceedsthevalidityperiodorthepayingbankhaspaidforthecheckbeforereportingtheloss,alllossescausedbythisshallbebornebythepersonwholostthecheck.
Mattersneedingattention
Whetheritcanbeusedforpayment
ThecheckisissuedbythedrawerandentrustedtothebankorotherbankthathandlesthedepositbusinessAfinancialinstitutionunconditionallypaysacertainamountofabilltothepayeeortheholderwhenthebillisseen.Thereare3typesofchecks,ordinarychecks,cashchecks,andtransferchecks.Acashcheckcanonlybeusedtowithdrawcash.Itcanbeissuedbythedepositorandusedtowithdrawcashfromthebankfortheunit,oritcanbeissuedtootherunitsandindividualsforsettlementorentrustthebanktopaycashtothebeneficiary;transfercheckItcanonlybeusedfortransfers.Itissuitablefordepositorstotransferfundstobeneficiarieswithinthesamecitytohandlecommoditytransactions,laborsupply,debtrepaymentandothersettlementsettlements;ordinarycheckscanbeusedtowithdrawcashorcanUsedfortransfers.However,thetwoparallellinesdrawnontheupperleftcornerofanormalcheckarecrossedchecks,whichcanonlybeusedfortransfersandcannotbewithdrawnincash.
Tosumup,thecharacteristicsofchecksettlementaresimple,flexible,fastandreliable.Theso-calledsimple,itreferstothesimpleandconvenientsettlementproceduresusingcheques.Aslongasthepayerhasenoughdepositsinthebank,itcanissueachequetothepayee,andthebankcanhandlethetransferofmoneyorcashpaymentwiththecheque.Theso-calledflexiblemeansthataccordingtoregulations,thecheckcanbeissuedbythepayertothepayeefordirectsettlement,orthepayercanissuetheinvoiceandentrustthebanktoactivelypaythepayee.Inaddition,thetransfercheckcanalsobeendorsedinthedesignatedcity.transfer.Theso-calledspeedyreferstotheuseofchequesforsettlement.Thepayeesendsthetransferchequeandthepaymentsliptothebank,whichcangenerallybecreditedonthesamedayorthenextday,andcashcanbeobtainedatthetimewhenacashchequeisused.Theso-calledreliabilitymeansthatbanksarestrictlyprohibitedfromissuingbadchecks.Eachunitmustbewithinthebalanceofbankdepositstoissuechecks.Therefore,thepayeecanobtainthemoneywiththecheck.Generally,thereisnonormalpaymentfailure.
Fillinstyleandformat
Commonchecksaredividedintocashchecksandtransferchecks.Itisclearlymarkedonthefrontofthecheck.Cashcheckscanonlybeusedtowithdrawcash(onlywithinthesamecity);transfercheckscanonlybeusedfortransfers(onlywithinthesamecity,includingYuhangandXiaoshan).
Fillinginthecheck:
1.Ticketissuancedate(uppercase):Numbersmustbeinuppercase,uppercasenumbersarewritten:zero,One,Two,Three,Four,Five,Lu,Seven,Ba,Jiu,Shi.Forexample:August5th,2005:Twoandzerofiveyears,fivemonthsandfivedays.
Whenfillinginthemonthandday,themonthisone,twoandoneten,andthedayisonetonineandone.Forpick,twoandthree,"zero"shouldbeaddedinfrontofit;fordaysfromonetotennines,"one"shouldbeaddedinfrontofit.Forexample,February12thshouldbewrittenaszerotwomonthsandonetenthday:October20thshouldbewrittenaszeroonetenthmonthandtwodays.
2,Payee:
(1)CashchequepayeecanWritethenameoftheunit.Atthistime,thefinancialsealandlegalpersonsealoftheunitwillbestampedinthecolumnof"endorsedperson"onthebackofthecashcheck.Afterthat,thepayeecandirectlywithdrawcashatthebankwheretheaccountisopenedbypresentingthecashcheck.(Becausesomebanksareconnectedtothenetwork,theycanalsowithdrawmoneyatthenetworkedbusinesspoints,dependingonthecoverageofthenetwork).
(2)Thepayeeofthecashcheckcanbewrittenasthepersonalnameofthepayee.Atthistime,thereisnosealonthebackofthecashcheck.ThepayeeshouldfillintheIDnumberandissuingauthorityonthebackofthecashcheckName,signandcollectpaymentwithIDcardandcashcheck.
(3)Thepayeeofthetransfercheckshouldbethenameoftheotherparty’sunit.Thecompanydoesnotstampthebackofthetransfercheque.Afterreceivingthetransfercheck,thepayeeshallaffixthespecialfinancialsealandlegalpersonsealofthepayeeintheendorsedcolumnonthebackofthecheck,fillinthebankstatementandsubmitthechecktotheaccountopeningbankofthepayeetoentrustthebankforcollection.
3.Thenameofthepayingbankandtheaccountnumberofthedrawer:thenameofthebankthatopenedtheaccountandthebankaccountnumberoftheunit,theaccountnumberinlowercase.
4.Renminbi(uppercase):Capitalizationofnumbers:zero,one,two,three,four,five,lu,seven,p,nine,ten,hundred,thousand,Trillion,billion.Checkfillingstyleandformat.
Note:"10,000"isnotaccompaniedbyasingleperson.
Forexample:(1)289,546.52twohundredandtenthousandfivehundredandtenthousandfivehundredandfivehundredandsixpoints.
(2)7,560.31SeventhousandfivehundredLuShiyuanzerotriangleandoneminute
Atthistime,"LuShiyuanzerotriangleandoneminute"and"zero"canbewrittenornotWrite
(3)532.00FivehundredandthreehundredandtwoYuanzheng
Itisalsopossibletowrite"zheng"as"whole".Itcannotbewrittenas"zeroangleandzeropoints"
(4)425.03fourhundredtwentyfiveyuanzerothreepoints
(5)325.20threehundredtwentyfiveyuantwoangle.
Theword"positive"canbeaddedafterthecornercharacter,but"zeropoints"cannotbewritten,whichismorespecial.
5.LowercaseRMB:Thefirstblankboxofthehighestamountisdeletedwiththeprefix"¥",andthenumberisrequiredtobecompleteandclear.
6.Purpose:
(1)Therearecertainrestrictionsoncashchecks,generallyfillin"backupfunds","travelexpenses","salary","Laborservicefees"etc.
(2)Therearenospecificrulesfortransferchecks,suchas"payment","agentfee"andsoon.
7.Stamp:
Thefrontofthecheckisstampedwithaspecialfinancialsealandacorporateseal.Bothareindispensable.Theinkpadisred.ThesealmustbeclearandfuzzyYoucanonlyinvalidatethischeck,replaceitwithanewone,fillinandre-stampit.See"2.Payee"forwhetherthereversesideisstampedornot.
8.Payment:
1.Fillinthebill,intriplicate.
2.Therearetwowaystosendthetransferchecktothebank:
(1)Tothepayee’sbank,thepayeeneedstobestampedandendorsed,andthecheckisintheendorsementcolumnFillintheaccountbankofthepayee,andwriteentrustedcollectioninthebottomcolumn.Andputthesealreservedbythebankintheendorsementframe,thatis,thespecialfinancialsealandthecorporateseal.
(2)Ifyouareworriedthattheotherpartyisissuingabadcheck,youcanalsogotothepayer’sbanktodepositthecheck.Inthiscase,thecheckdoesnotneedtobeendorsed.
3.Thecashcheckisdirectlydeliveredtotheissuingbankoftheissuer,andthepayeemustendorseit.Ifitisaunit,stampthepayee’sfinancialsealandacorporatesealonthebackofthecheck,ifitisanindividual,FillintheIDnumber,theissuingauthority,andsign.
9.Commonsense:
(1)Theremustbenotracesofalterationonthefrontofthecheck,otherwisethecheckwillbeinvalid.
(2)Ifthepayeefindsthatthecheckisincomplete,hecanmakeasupplement,butitcannotbealtered.
(3)Thevalidityperiodofthecheckis10days,andthebeginningandtheendofthedatearecountedasoneday.Holidaysarepostponed.
(4)Checksarepayableonsight,anonymous.(Lostcheques,especiallycashcheques,maybetheamountofmoneylost,andthebankisnotresponsible.Cashchequesgenerallyhavealltheelementsfilledin.Ifthechequeisnotfraudulentlycollected,reportthelossatthebankwheretheaccountwasopened;ifthetransferchequehasalltheelementsfilledin,Reportthelossatthebankwheretheaccountwasopened.Iftheelementsarenotfilledincompletely,reportthelosstotheclearinghouse.)
(5)Thestamponthebackofthecashcheckfromtheissuingunitisblurred.Youcancrosstheblurredstampandre-sealit.Onetime,butnomorethanthreeseals.
(6)Thesealonthebackofthetransfercheckofthepayeeunitisblurred(atthistime,thebilllawstipulatesthatthere-sealmethodcannotbeusedtoremedyit),andthepayeeunitcanbringthetransfercheckandbankstatementGotothebankoftheissuingunittogothroughthecollectionprocedures(withoutpayingthehandlingfee),commonlyknownas"flip",soyoudon'tneedtogototheissuingunittore-writethecheck.
(7)Drawtwoslashesintheupperleftcornerofthechecktopreventthecheckfrombeingwithdrawnafteritislost,thatis,itcanonlybedonebybanktransfer.
Cashcheque
Whenthedrawer'saccountopeningbankreceivescashfromthepayeewithacashcheque(Appendix15),itshouldcarefullyreview:
(1)Whetherthecheckisauniformlyprintedvoucher,whetherthecheckistrue,andwhetherthepaymentdeadlineisexceeded;
(2)WhetherthenameofthepayeefilledinthecheckisThepayee,whetherthepayeesignsthe"Payee'sSignature"onthebackofthecheck,andwhetheritssignatureisconsistentwiththepayee'sname;
(3)Drawer'ssignatureWhetheritmeetstheregulations,andcheckwhetherthesignatureandthereservedbanksignatureareconsistentwiththecorners.Ifthepaymentpasswordisused,whetherthepasswordiscorrect;
(4)Whethertheupperandlowercaseamountofthecheckisconsistent;
(5)Whethertheitemsthatmustberecordedinthecheckarecomplete,whethertheamountoftheticketisissued,thedateoftheticket,andthenameofthepayeehavebeenchanged,andwhetherthechangeofotherrecordeditemsiscertifiedbytheoriginalrecorder'ssignature;
(6)Whetherthereisenoughpaymentinthedrawer’saccount;
(7)Whetherthecashwithdrawnmeetsthenationalcashmanagementregulations.
Ifthebeneficiaryisanindividual,theidentitydocumentshouldalsobereviewed,andwhetherthename,numberandissuingauthorityoftheidentitydocumentshouldbeindicatedonthebackofthechequeinthe"signatureofthebeneficiary".Aftertheexaminationiscorrect,abronzemedaloramatchingslipwillbeissued,andthepayeecanwithdrawthemoneyfromthecashier.Atthesametime,paymentismadefromtheaccountofthedrawer,andthecheckissenttothecashierforpaymentasadebitvoucher.Theentryis:
(debit)××subjectdraweraccount
(credit)cash
Processingproceduresforcrossedchecks
Thehandlingproceduresforthecrossedcheque(attachment16)bytheholderandtheissuingbank’saccountshallbehandledinaccordancewiththeproceduresin1.
Processingproceduresofordinarycheques
Ifthedrawer'saccountopeningbankreceivesthepayeewithordinarycheques(attachmentsixteen)towithdrawcash,followtheproceduresin2.
Forthetransferofordinarychecks,pleasefollowtheproceduresin1.
Differenceswithpromissorynotes
Similarities
1,havethesameNature
(1)areallequitysecurities.Thatistosay,theholderofthebillusesthecontentoftherightsrecordedonthebilltoprovetherightsofthebillinordertoobtainproperty.
(2)areallformatsecurities.Theformatofthebill(itsformandrecordeditems)isstrictlyregulatedbythelaw(ie,theNegotiableInstrumentLaw),andnon-compliancewiththeformathasacertainimpactontheeffectivenessofthebill.
(3)arealltextsecurities.Thecontentofthebillrightsandallmattersrelatedtothebillshallbesubjecttothewordsrecordedonthebill,andshallnotbeaffectedbymattersotherthanthewordsonthebill.
(4)Allsecuritiesaretradableandtransferable.Theclaimsofgeneraldebtcontracts.Ifyouwanttotransfer,youmustobtainthedebtor'sconsent.Andasabillofnegotiablesecurities.Itcanbefreelytransferredandcirculatedthroughthesimpleprocedureofendorsementordeliveryofbillswithoutendorsement.
(5)arealluncausedsecurities.Thatistosay,theexistenceoftherightsonthebillisonlydeterminedbythetextonthebillitself,andtherightholderenjoystherightsofthebillonlyifitisnecessarytoholdthebill.Asforthereasonwhytheobligeeobtainsthebill,thereasonfortheoccurrenceofthebillrightcanbeignored.Whetherthesereasonsexistornot,whethertheyareeffectiveornot,doesnotaffecteachotherinprinciplewiththerightsofthebill.Becauseourcountry'sbillsarenotcompletelybillsinthesenseofbilllaw.It'sjustthewayofbanksettlement,thiskindofnon-causeisnotabsolute.
2,havethesamebillfunction
(1)exchangefunction.Relyingonthisfunctionofbills,thespaceobstacleofcashpaymentbetweenthetwoplacesissolved.
(2)Creditfunction.Theuseofbillscansolvethetimebarrierofcashpayment.Thebillitselfisnotacommodity,itisawrittenpaymentvoucherbasedoncredit.
(3)Paymentfunction.Theuseofbillscansolvethetroubleofcashpaymentprocedures.Billscanbetransferredmultipletimesthroughendorsementsandbecomeacirculationandpaymenttoolinthemarket,reducingtheuseofcash.Moreover,duetothedevelopmentofthebillexchangesystem,billscanbeclearedcentrallythroughtheclearingcenter,simplifyingsettlementprocedures,speedingupcapitalturnover,andimprovingtheefficiencyofsocialcapitaluse.
Differentpoints
(1)Promissorynotesareagreed(appointedtopaybyoneself)securities;billsofexchangeareentrusted(entrustedtopaybyothers)securities;chequesareentrustedPaymentofsecurities,butthetrusteeislimitedtobanksorotherstatutoryfinancialinstitutions.
(2)mycountry'sbillsaredifferentintheareasofuse.Promissorynotesareonlyusedforthesettlementofcommoditytransactions,laborsuppliesandotherpaymentswithinthesamecity;chequescanbeusedinthesamecityorinclearingareas;moneyorderscanbeusedinthesamecityandindifferentplaces.
(3)Thepaymenttermisdifferent.Thepaymenttermofthepromissorynoteisonemonth,andthebankwillnotacceptitifitisoverdue;thebillofexchangeinmycountrymustbeaccepted,therefore,theholdercannotredeemitwhentheacceptanceisdue.Whenthepayer’saccountontheduedateofthecommercialacceptancebillisinsufficienttopay,thebankthatholdstheaccountshallreturnthecommercialacceptancebilltothepayeeortheendorsed,anditshallhandleitbyitself.Bankacceptancebillsarepaidonthematuritydate,butiftheacceptancematuritydatehaspassedandtheholderdoesnotrequireredemption,the"BankSettlementMeasures"doesnotprovideforhowtodealwithit.Eachbankhasmadesomesupplementaryregulationsonitsown.IftheICBCstipulatesthattheholderdoesnotrequireredemptionwithinonemonthoftheacceptancedate,theacceptanceshallbecomeinvalid.Thecheckpaymentperiodis5days(thepaymentperiodofthetransfercheckintheendorsementtransferareais10days.Fromthedayaftertheissuance,theduedatewillbepostponedduetothecustomaryholiday).
(4)Moneyordersandcheckshavethreebasicparties,namelythedrawer,thepayer,andthepayee;whilethepromissorynotehasonlythedrawer(thepayerandthedrawerarethesameperson)andthepayeePeoplearetwobasicparties.
(5)Theissuerofthecheckmusthaveafinancialrelationshipwiththepayerbeforethecheckcanbeissued;theissuerofthebillofexchangedoesnothavetohaveafinancialrelationshipwiththepayer;theissuerofthepromissorynoteTheticketholderandthepayerarethesameperson,andthereisnoso-calledfinancialrelationship.
(6)Theprincipaldebtorofchecksandpromissorynotesisthedrawer,whiletheprincipaldebtorofthebillofexchangeisthedrawerbeforeacceptanceandtheacceptorafteracceptance.
(7)Forwarddraftsneedtobeaccepted,chequesgenerallydonotneedtobeacceptedatsight,andpromissorynotesdonotneedtobeaccepted.
(8)Thedrawerofthebillofexchangeguaranteestheacceptancepayment.Ifthereisanotheracceptor,theacceptorwillguaranteethepayment;thedrawerofthecheckguaranteesthepaymentofthecheck;thedrawerofthepromissorynoteisresponsibleforthepayment.
(9)Holdersofchequesandpromissorynotesonlyhavetherightofrecourseagainstthedrawer,whileholdersofbillsofexchangehavetherightofrecourseagainstthedrawer,endorser,andacceptorduringthevalidityperiodofthebill.Thereisrecourse.
(10)Thereisacopyofthemoneyorder,butthereisnopromissorynoteandcheque.
Commonphrases
chequebook
chequedrawer
chequeholder
Bearerchequechequetobearer/bearercheque
Bearercheque/bearerchequechequetoorder
Antedatedcheque
Unexpiredchequepostdatedcheque
certifiedcheque
returnedcheque
crossedcheque
normalcrossLinegeneralcrossing
specialcrossing
blankcheque
stalecheque
normalchequeopencheque
Achequefor$10,000,less10%discount
Achequefor$10,000,less10%discount
Achequefor$10,000witha10%discount,(11,000yuan)achequefor$10,000,plus10%charges
tocashacheque
toclearacheque
Guaranteedcashingtocertifyacheque
Tofillupacheque
tocrossacheque
Developachequetomakeoutacheque
todrawacheque/toissueacheque
tooverdrawacheque
toendorseacheque
topayacheque/tohonouracheque
todishonouracheque
torefuseacheque
tostoppaymentofacheque
topresentforpayment
payabletobearer
Payabletoorder
outofdate/stale
PleasegiveR/D/refertodrawer
InsufficientdepositN/S/NSF/notsufficientfunds/I/F/insufficientfunds
Wordsandfiguresdiffer
Thecheckexchangetimehaspassedaccountclosed
Thechangeshouldbestampedwiththesealalterationsrequireinitials
effectsnotcleared
paymentstopped
chequemutilated
Legalstatement
ChinaTherelevantlegalprovisionsonchecksintheNegotiableInstrumentsLawareasfollows:
Article82ChecksareissuedbythedrawerandareentrustedThebankorotherfinancialinstitutionthathandlesthecheckdepositbusinessunconditionallypaysacertainamounttothepayeeorthenoteholderwhenthenoteisseen.
Article83Toopenacheckingdepositaccount,theapplicantmustusehisorherrealnameandsubmitalegalcertificatetoprovehisidentity.
Toopenacheckdepositaccountandreceivechecks,youshouldhaveareliablecreditanddepositacertainamountoffunds.
Toopenacheckingdepositaccount,theapplicantshouldreservethesignatureandsealofhisrealname.
Article84Chequescanbewithdrawnincashortransferred.Whenusedfortransfer,itshouldbeindicatedonthefrontofthecheck.
Ifacheckisspecificallyusedforcashwithdrawal,acashcheckcanbemadeseparately,andacashcheckcanonlybeusedforcashwithdrawal.
Ifthecheckisspecificallyusedfortransfer,youcanmakeaseparatetransfercheck.Thetransfercheckcanonlybeusedfortransfer,andnocashcanbewithdrawn.
Article85chequesmustrecordthefollowingitems:
(1)Indicatethewords"check";
(2)Entrustmentofunconditionalpayment;
(3)Thedeterminedamount;
(4)Thenameofthepayer;
(5)Thedateofissuance;
(6)Signatureandsealofthedrawer;
(7)The12-digitbankinginstitutioncodemustberecordedinthelowerrightcornerofthecheckinadifferentplace,and6inthesamecity.
Ifoneoftheitemsspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphisnotrecordedonthecheck,thecheckisinvalid.
Article86Theamountonthecheckcanbeaddedupontheauthorizationofthedrawer.Thecheckbeforeithasnotbeenaddedshallnotbeused.
Article87Ifthepayee'snameisnotrecordedonthecheck,itmaybeaddedwiththeauthorizationofthedrawer.
Iftheplaceofpaymentisnotrecordedonthecheck,thebusinessplaceofthepayershallbetheplaceofpayment.
Iftheplaceofissueisnotrecordedonthecheck,thebusinessplace,residenceorhabitualresidenceofthedrawershallbetheplaceofissue.
Thedrawercanrecordhimselfasthepayeeonthecheck.
Article88Theamountofthecheckissuedbythedrawerofthecheckshallnotexceedtheactualamountofdepositinthepayeratthetimeofpayment.
Iftheamountofthecheckissuedbythedrawerexceedstheamountactuallydepositedatthepayeratthetimeofpayment,itisabadcheck.Itisforbiddentoissuebadchecks.
Article89Theissuerofacheckshallnotissueacheckthatdoesnotmatchthesignatureorsealofhisreservedrealname.
Article90Thedrawermustberesponsibleforguaranteeingpaymenttotheholderinaccordancewiththeamountofthecheckissued.
Whenthedrawer’sdepositatthepayerissufficienttopaythecheckamount,thepayershallpayinfullonthesameday.
Article91Checksarelimitedtopayatsight,andthepaymentdateshallnotberecordedseparately.Ifthepaymentdateisrecordedseparately,therecordisinvalid.
Article92Theholderofacheckshallpresentforpaymentwithin10daysfromthedateofissuance;foracheckusedinadifferentplace,thetimelimitforpresentingpaymentshallbeseparatelystipulatedbythePeople’sBankofChina.
Thepayermaynotmakethepaymentifthedeadlineforpaymentisexceeded;ifthepayerdoesnotmakethepayment,thedrawershallstillbeliableforthebilltotheholder.
Article93Ifthepayerpaystheamountofthecheckinaccordancewiththelaw,heshallnolongerbeliableforentrustedpaymenttothedrawer,andshallnolongerbeliableforpaymenttotheholder.However,thepayerdoesnotpayinbadfaithorgrossnegligence.
Article94Inadditiontotheprovisionsofthischapter,theendorsementofchecks,paymentbehavior,andtheexerciseoftherightofrecourseshallbegovernedbytheprovisionsofChapter2ofthislawondrafts.
Inadditiontotheprovisionsofthischapter,theissuanceofchecksshallbegovernedbytheprovisionsofArticle24andArticle26ofthislawondrafts.