Alternator

Generatorset

Firstofall,theconceptofgeneratorset:Generatorsetreferstopowergenerationequipmentthatcanconvertmechanicalenergyorotherrenewableenergyintoelectricalenergy.

Generally,ourcommongeneratorsetsareusuallydrivenbythefollowing:steamturbine,waterturbineorinternalcombustionengine(gasolineengine,dieselengineandothergenerators),windenergy,solarenergy,biomassenergy,oceanenergy,etc.Themarketfordieselgeneratorsisthelargest,mainlyduetothelargecapacityofdieselgenerators,whichcanoperateinparallelandhavealongcontinuouspowersupplytime,andcanalsooperateindependently.Itdoesnotoperateinparallelwiththeregionalgridandisnotaffectedbygridfailures.ReliabilityHigher.Especiallywhenthecommonlyusedcommercialpowerinsomeareasisnotveryreliable,usingdieselgeneratorsasabackuppowersourcecannotonlyserveasanemergencypowersource,butalsothroughreasonableoptimizationofthelow-voltagesystem,someofthemoreimportantloadsatordinarytimescanbecutoff.Whenused.Therefore,itiswidelyusedinengineering.

Classification

Therearemanyformsofgenerators,buttheirworkingprinciplesarebasedonthelawofelectromagneticinductionandthelawofelectromagneticforce.Therefore,thegeneralprincipleofitsconstructionis:useappropriatemagneticandconductivematerialstoformmagneticcircuitsandcircuitsthatconductelectromagneticinductionwitheachothertogenerateelectromagneticpowerandachievethepurposeofenergyconversion.

Theclassificationofgeneratorscanbesummarizedasfollows:

GeneratorDCgenerator,ACgeneratorsynchronousgenerator,asynchronousgenerator(rarelyused)

Alternatorcanalsobedividedintosingle-phasegeneratorandthree-phasegenerator.

Structure

Generatorsareusuallycomposedofstators,rotors,endcoversandbearings.

Thestatoriscomposedofastatorcore,wire-wrappedwindings,abaseandotherstructuralpartsthatfixtheseparts.Thefunctionofthestatoristogeneratealternatingcurrent.

Therotoriscomposedofrotorcore(ormagneticpole,magneticyoke)winding,guardring,centerring,slipring,fanandrotatingshaft.Thefunctionoftherotoristogenerateamagneticfield.Installedinsidethestator.

Theprincipleisthatthestatorandtherotorofthegeneratorareconnectedandassembledbythebearingandtheendcover,sothattherotorcanrotateinthestatorandcutthemovementofthemagneticlinesofforce,therebygeneratinganinducedelectricpotential,whichisledoutthroughtheterminalandconnectedtotheIntheloop,acurrentisgenerated.

Principle

Usingtheprincipleofelectromagneticinductioninwhichtheelectricpotentialisinducedbythecuttingofmagneticlinesofforce,themechanicalenergyoftheprimemoverisconvertedintoelectricalenergyoutput.Thesynchronousgeneratoriscomposedoftwoparts:astatorandarotor.Thestatoristhearmaturethatgenerateselectricity,andtherotoristhemagneticpole.Thestatoriscomposedofanarmatureironcore,athree-phasewindinguniformlydischarged,abaseandanendcover,etc.Therotorisusuallyahiddenpoletype,consistingofanexcitationwinding,anironcoreandashaft,aguardring,andacenterring.Theexcitationwindingoftherotorisenergizedwithadirectcurrenttoproduceanearlysinusoidaldistributedmagneticfield(calledtherotormagneticfield),anditseffectiveexcitationmagneticfluxintersectswiththestationaryarmaturewinding.Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfieldoftherotorrotatesatthesametime,witheachrevolution,themagneticlinesofforcesequentiallycuteachphasewindingofthestator,andathree-phaseACelectricpotentialisinducedinthethree-phasestatorwinding.Whenthegeneratorisrunningwithasymmetricalload,thethree-phasearmaturecurrentiscombinedtoproducearotatingmagneticfieldwithasynchronousspeed.Theinteractionbetweenthestatormagneticfieldandtherotormagneticfieldproducesabrakingtorque.Fromthesteamturbine/waterturbine/gasturbine,theinputmechanicaltorqueovercomesthebrakingtorquetoperformwork.

Installation

Tostartthedieselgeneratorsetwithelectricity,thestepsare:checkwhethertheelectricshockcontactofthestartermotorandelectromagneticoperatingmechanismisgood.Checkwhetherthepowercordiscorrect.Checkwhetherthereisdirtoroxidationonthebatteryterminal,whichshouldbepolishedclean.Firstcheckwhethertheelectro-hydraulicproportionofthestartingbatteryiswithintherangeof1.240~1.280.Iftheproportionislessthan1.180,itindicatesthatthebatteryisinsufficient.

Theinstallationandinspectionstepsofthealternatorareasfollows:

Wheninstallingthegenerator,ensurethatthecoolingairinletisunobstructed,andavoidtheexhaustedhotairfromenteringthegeneratoragain.Ifthereareshuttersontheventilationcover,thewindowshouldfacedowntomeettherequirementsoftheprotectionlevel.Forthemechanicalcouplingofsingle-bearinggenerators,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuniformairgapbetweenthestatorandrotor.

TheACgeneratoriscoupledwiththedieselgenerator,andtheparallelismandconcentricityofthecouplingarerequiredtobelessthan0.05mm.Inactualuse,therequirementcanbeslightlylower,about0.1mmorless,toolargereturnaffectsthenormaloperationofthebearing,resultingindamage,andthecouplingshouldbefixedwithpositioningpins.Thecouplingconditionshouldberetestedbeforeinstallation.

ThereareU,V,W,Nmarksontheterminalofthegeneratoroutletbox,whichdoesnotmeanthattheactualphasesequencedependsonthedirectionofrotation.UVWisprintedonthecertificatetoindicatetheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingclockwise,andVUWistheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingcounterclockwise.

Whentheslidingbearinggeneratoriscoupled,theheightofthecenterofthegeneratorshouldbeadjustedslightlytothecenterofyourdieselengine,sothattheweightoftheflywheelonthedieselenginewillnotbetransferredtothegeneratorbearing,otherwiseitwillgenerateelectricityThebearingofthemachinewillbeartheweightoftheflywheel,whichisnotconducivetotheformationoftheoilfilmoftheslidingbearing,resultinginheatgenerationandevenburningofthebearing.Noheavyobjectscanbecarriedonthecouplingofthistypeofgenerator.

Iftheneutralpointofeachgeneratorinthepowersupplysystemisconnectedtoeachother,ortheneutralpointofthegeneratorisconnectedtotheneutralpointofthetransformeranditsload,theneutrallinewillgooutwhentheunitisrunningNeutralcurrentat3timesthefrequency.Therefore,theneutralcurrentofthegeneratormustbemeasuredundervariousloadconditionsthatmayoccurduringoperation.Inordertopreventthegeneratorfromoverheating,theneutralcurrentmustnotexceed50%ofthegenerator'sratedcurrent.Theneutrallinepoweristoolarge,andaneutrallinereactorshouldbeinstalledontheneutrallinetolimitit.

Accordingtotheschematicdiagramorwiringdiagram,selecttheappropriatepowercableandusecopperconnectorsforwiring.Afterthecopperconnectorandthebusbararetightened,thelocalgapatthejointshouldnotbegreaterthan0.05mm,Thedistancebetweenthewiresisnotmorethan10mm,andthenecessarygroundingwiremustbeinstalled.

Specificationsforuse

(1)Thegroundpolarityofthebatterymustbethesameasthatofthealternator.Theconsequenceofnotfollowingthespecificationisthatthediodewillbedamagedduetothelargecurrentdischargeofthediode.

(2)Whenthesixdiodesoftherectifiertubeareconnectedtothestatorwinding,itisabsolutelyforbiddentouseameggeror220VACpowersupplytochecktheinsulationofthealternator.Otherwise,itiseasytocausethediodetobreakdownandbedamaged.

(3)Aftertheengineisturnedoff,theignitionswitchshouldbeturnedoff.Iftheflameisnotturnedoffintime,thebatterywillcontinuetodischarge,whichwillaffectthemagneticfieldandshortenthebatterylife.

(4)Whenthealternatorisrunning,thefiretestmethodcannotbeusedtocheckwhetheritisgeneratingelectricity.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.

(5)Thegroundformoftheregulatorandthealternatormustbethesame,otherwisethealternatorwillnotbeabletooutputvoltageduetonomagneticfieldcurrent.Andthevoltagelevelofthetwoshouldbethesame,otherwisethechargingsystemcannotworknormally.

(6)Itisfoundthatthealternatorisnotgeneratingelectricityorthechargingcurrentissmall,andthefaultshouldbeeliminatedintime,andthewireconnectionbetweenthealternatorandthebatteryshouldbefirm.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.

(7)Whenthealternatorisinstalledontheengine,thecenterofthepulleygrooveofthealternatorshouldbealignedwiththecenterofthepulleygrooveoftheengine,andtheappropriateV-belttightnessshouldalsobeset.

(8)WheninstallingtheV-beltearly,prythefrontendcoverofthealternatorstrongly.Otherwise,thecomponentswillbedamagedunderpressure.

Operation

Step

1.Preparations

Disconnectthehigh-voltageswitchinthepowerdistributionroom,andturnontheisolatingswitchtogenerateelectricityLocation.

1.Turntheisolatingswitchofthegeneratorroomtothepowergenerationposition.

2.Checkthecoolingwater,lubricatingoil,andfuelstorageconditionsofthegenerator,andreplenishitintimeifanyshortageisfound.

3.Checkwhethertheconnectingparts,fastenersandoperatingpartsareloose,fallingoffandstuck.Whethertheconnectionofeachwireisfirm,correctandingoodcontact.

4.Openthecontrolcabinetunderthegeneratoroperationscreen,closethestartswitch,andwaitforthedisplaytobepowered.Pressthepageupanddownkeystoviewtherelatedoperationrecordsofthegenerator,andifanyabnormalsituationisfound,dealwithitimmediatelyandgetreadyforpowergeneration.

Second,startandrun

1.Pressthestartbuttontostartthegenerator,andpayattentiontowhetherthereismechanicalnoise,abnormalvibration,etc.atthesametime.

2.Duringoperation,theoperatorcloselymonitorsthevoltage,frequency,current,powerfactor,oiltemperature,oilpressure,watertemperature,chargingcurrent,speedandotherinstrumentindicationsandchangesofthegeneratorsetthroughtheinstrument.Whenthespecifiedvalueisexceeded,checkandtakemeasuresintime,andthencontinuetorunafterreturningtonormal.

3.Theemergencystopbuttononthecontrolpanelisonlyusedinemergencysituations.Afterpressingthebutton,thegeneratorwillstopimmediately,andanaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissuedatthesametime.

4.Afterthegeneratorisrunningnormally,turnonthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch),andthegeneratorwillsupplypowertotheelectricload.

3.Stopping

1.Afterthemainspowerisnormal,graduallycutofftheloadanddisconnectthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch).

2.Underno-loadconditions,graduallyreducethespeedtoidlespeed,andstoptheengineagainwhenthewaterandoiltemperatureofthedieselenginedropsbelow70°C.

3.Disconnectthestart-upcontrolpowersupply,andswitchtheisolationswitchtothemainspositionaccordingtotheoperatingsequence.

Method

Manualoperation

(1)Checkworkbeforebooting:

1.Turnonthepower.

2.Checkwhetherthefollowingitemsarenormal:

(1)Watertankwaterlevel

(2)Engineoilanddieseloillevel

(3)Batteryvoltage

(4)Batterywaterlevel

3.Checkthecontrolpanel,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition,closethedetectionswitch,andwhenthedisplayisnormal,turnonthedetectionswitch,Eachmetershoulddisplayzero,andtheindicatorlightshowsshutdown.

(2)Startup

1.Switchthemainswitchtothemanualstartposition,thegeneratorshouldstartimmediately,andtheindicatorlightshowsnormal.

2.Observevariousinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel,andtheyshouldoperatenormally.

3.Ifyouneedtooperatewithaload,closethepoweroutputswitch.

(3)Shutdown

1.Firstcutofftheback-endloadandthenturnoffthepoweroutputswitch.

2.Afterfiveminutesofno-loadoperation,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition.

3.Aftercheckingthateverythingisnormal,switchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,andclosethepoweroutputswitch.

Automaticoperation

(1)Pleaserefertomanualoperationforinspectionworkbeforestarting,butafterinspection,switchthegeneratortoautomaticstartstateandcloseitPoweroutputswitch.

(2)Startup:cutoffthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritstartsautomatically.

(3)Shutdown:TurnonthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritautomaticallyswitchesthepowersupplyandautomaticallyshutsdown.

Three,emergencyshutdown

(1)Intheeventofanemergency,whenthegenerator'sownprotectiondevicerefusestostart,emergencyshutdownshouldbeperformedandthemainswitchshouldbeswitchedtotheoffposition.

(2)Aftertheemergencyshutdown,performacomprehensiveinspectionofthegeneratorimmediatelyandresumenormaloperationassoonaspossible.

Note:

1.No-loadoperationofthegeneratorshallnotexceedfifteenminutes.

2.Afterthegeneratorstartstorun,checkthewaterlevel,oillevel,diesellevel,batteryvoltage,andbatteryfluidofthegeneratortokeepitinanormalstate.

3.Anoperationrecordshallbemadeforeachdetectionorautomaticstart-upoperation.

Maintenance

Normalmaintenance

No-loadtestmachineonceaweek,runningtime10-15minutes,inordertofindtheproblemintimeandensurethatthebatteryhassufficientcapacityForthegeneratortostart.

1.Beforemaintenance,theautomaticairswitchofthegeneratorshouldbecutoff,themainswitchshouldbeplacedinthestopposition,andthepositiveandnegativepowercordsofthebatteryshouldbefoldofftoconfirmthatthegeneratorcannotbestarted.

2.Checkthebatteryelectrolytelevel,ifitisinsufficient,addsulfuricacidsolutionordistilledwateraccordingtoitsconcentration.

3.Calculatethecumulativeoperatingtimeofthegeneratorsincethelasttimeitwasraised.Theairfiltershouldbecleanedevery50hours,andtheoilfilter,dieselfilter,andwaterfiltershouldbereplacedevery250hours.Filterelement.

4.Checkwhethertheunitisleakingwateroroil,andcleanthegeneratorbody.

5.Connectthebatterypowercordandconnectorsproperly,andthetestfailureindicatorlightsshouldallbeon.

6.Checkwhetherthegroundingwireisgood.

7.Checktheoperatingconditionoftheexhaustfanintheengineroom,andwhetherthedieseloilissufficienttorunforeighthours.

8.Checkwhetherthecoldwaterlevelandengineoillevelarenormal.

9.Afterthemanualtestmachinerunsnormally,turnontheautomaticairswitchofthegenerator,andswitchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,performasimulatedpowerfailuretest,andobservetheautomaticstartofthegenerator.

10.Runthegeneratorwithloadforonehour,andobservewhethertheinstrumentindicatorsandtheunitareoperatingnormally.

11.Fillinoperationrecordsandmaintenancerecords.·

Technicalmaintenance

Dieselgeneratorsetscanbedividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheirusageconditions:oneisbasedonmainspower,andtheotherisbasedonpowergeneration.Themachineisthemainpowersupplydevice.Thereisabigdifferenceintheusagetimeofthegeneratorsinthetwocases.Themaintenanceofdieselgeneratorsisgenerallydeterminedbytheaccumulatedhoursofstartingup.Thefirstpowersupplymethodmentionedaboveonlytestsforafewhourspermonth,suchasaccumulatedtotwoorthreetechnologies.Technicalmaintenanceaftermaintenancehoursistoolong.Therefore,itshouldbeflexiblygraspedaccordingtothespecificsituationandtimelytechnicalmaintenancecaneliminatetheundesirablephenomenaofthemachineassoonaspossible,ensurethattheunitisingoodcondition,andextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Therefore,inordertomakethedieselengineworknormallyandreliably,thetechnicalmaintenancesystemofthedieselenginemustbeimplemented.Thetechnicalmaintenancecategoriesaredividedinto:

First,thefirstlevelmaintenanceinspection(dailyorweekly)

2.Level2maintenanceinspection(every250hoursoronemonth)

Level3maintenanceinspection(every1500hoursorhalfayear)

Note:1.Level3maintenance","Mediumrepairandmaintenance"and"overhaulandmaintenance"shouldbecompletedbyaprofessionaldieselgeneratormaintenancecompany.

2.Thestandbygeneratorshouldbeturnedonandrunforabout10minutesonaregularbasistoevaporatethemoistureinthedieselenginebodytopreventmoisture.,Anti-corrosion,etc..

(1),first-levelmaintenanceinspection

Checktheoillevel

Usethedieselengineoildipsticktochecktheoillevel.InordertogetaccurateTheoillevelshouldbeshutdownfor15minutesandcheckwhentheoilreturnstotheoilpan.Theoillevelshouldbematchedwiththeoriginaloilpan.Keeptheoillevelasclosetothehigh"H"markaspossible.

Warning:Neveroperatethedieselenginewhentheoilmarkislowerthanthelowmark"L"orhigherthanthehighmark"H"(ifnecessary,addengineoilofthesamequalityandgradeinthedieselengine).

Checkthecoolingsystem

Keepthecoolingliquidfilleduptotheworkingsurface,checkthecoolingliquidleveleverydayoreverytimebeforestartingthemachine,analyzethereasonofthecoolingliquidconsumption,andcheckthecoolingliquidlevel,onlyafterthecoolingsystemiscooled.

Checktheconnectionsoftheintakepipe

Checktheconnectionsoftheintakepipe,whethertheclampisloose,whetherthehoseiscracked,perforatedorworn,whetherthereisahosebreakorForotherdamages,tightentheclamporreplacepartsasneededtoensurethattheairintakesystemiswellsealedandthatallairpassesthroughtheairfilter.

Visualinspection

CheckifthereisoutsideairLeakage,leakageofcoolantoroil.Tightenthescrewconnections,joints,etc.orreplacethegasketasneeded.Checktheoildipstickforeachfuelingpipecovertoseeifitistightlytightened.

Checkfordamage

Checkthefuelsystem,etc.,includingtheerrorinvestigationorbumpsofthefuelpump,andcheckallconnectionsforleakageordamage.

Checkthedrivebelt

Inspectwhetherthefan,waterpump,chargerbeltisdamagedorloose.Ifthebuckleisdamaged,replaceitwithanewone.Andadjustthetightness.Ifnecessary,askaprofessionaltechniciantoadjust.

Matterstonoteduringmaintenance

1.Thelubricatingoilpressureislow.

2.Insufficientpower.

3.Thecoolantoroiltemperatureistoohigh.

4.Excessiveconsumptionofcoolant,oilandfuel.

5.Theenginesoundisabnormal,thesmokecolorisabnormal,andthesmokeexhaustpipeisred.

Noteswhenusingfakeload

1.Theloadingprocessis25%,50%,75%,100%.

2.Revisetheactualpowerused.

3.Runforonehouratfullload.

4.Observetheoutputparametersofthedieselengineatalltimesduringtheloadingprocess.

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