Livello di sistema

Introductio

Thesystemlevelreferstothelevelatwhichfilesorprogramsaremanaged.Itisgenerallythehighestlevelinthesystemandhasspecialpermissions.Forexample,insystemsecurity,themaintaskofsystem-levelsecuritymanagementistonotallowuncheckeduserstoenterthesystem,therebypreventingothersfromillegallyusingvariousresources(includingfiles)inthesystem.Themainmeasuresofsystem-levelmanagementare:registrationandlogin,andthetechnologyincludesaccesscontroltechnology.

SystemSecurity

ContentsofSystemSecurity

Systemsecurityincludesthreeaspects,namelyphysicalsecurity,logicalsecurityandsecuritymanagement.Physicalsecuritymeansthatsystemequipmentandrelatedfacilitiesarephysicallyprotectedtopreventdamageorloss.Securitymanagementincludesvarioussecuritymanagementpoliciesandmechanisms.Logicalsecurityreferstothesecurityofinformationresourcesinthesystem,whichincludesthefollowingthreeaspects.

(1)DataSecrecy:referstokeepingconfidentialdatainaconfidentialstate,allowingonlyauthorizeduserstoaccessinformationinthecomputersystem(accessincludesdisplayingandprintinginformationinfiles)).

(2)DataIntegrity:Itmeansthatunauthorizeduserscannotmodifytheinformationstoredinthesystemwithoutauthorization,andcanmaintaintheconsistencyofthedatainthesystem.Modificationshereincludecreatinganddeletingfiles,addingnewcontenttothefile,andchangingtheoriginalcontent.

(3)SystemAvailability(SystemAvailability):Referstothenormalrequestofauthorizeduserstobeservicedorrespondedtoinatimely,correctandsafemanner.Inotherwords,theresourcesinthecomputercanbeaccessedbyauthorizedusersatanytime,andthesystemwillnotdenyservice.However,thesituationofsystemdenialofserviceiseasytooccurintheInternet,becausecontinuouslysendingrequeststoaservermayparalyzetheserver,sothatthesystemcannotprovideservice,whichismanifestedasadenialofservice.

Thenatureofsystemsecurity

Systemsecurityissuesinvolveawiderangeofaspects.Itisnotonlyrelatedtothesecurityperformanceofthehardwareandsoftwareequipmentusedinthesystem,butalsorelatedtothesystemusedwhenconstructingthesystem.Themethodisrelated,whichleadstoamorecomplexnatureofsystemsecurityissues,whicharemainlymanifestedinthefollowingpoints:

(1)Multi-faceted.Inalarge-scalesystem, sunt plerumque multipleri punctum.

(2)Dynamic.Duetothecontinuousdevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandtheendlessemergenceofattackers,thesecurityissuesofthesystemhavebecomedynamic.Forexample,informationthatisstillveryimportanttodaymaybeuselesstomorrow,andnewcriticalinformationmaybegeneratedatthesametime.Anotherexampleisthattodayisstilltheattackmethodusedbymostattackers,butitisrarelyusedtomorrow.,Andanothernewattackmethodhasappeared.Thedynamicnatureofthissystemsecuritymakesitimpossibleforpeopletofindasolutionthatcansolvethesecurityproblemonceandforall.

(3)Hierarchical.Systemsecurityisaverycomplexprobleminvolvingmanyaspects,soitneedstobesolvedbythemethodofsystemengineering.Likelarge-scalesoftwareengineering,systemsecurityproblemsareusuallysolvedinahierarchicalmanner,andthefunctionsofsystemsecurityareorganizedinahierarchicalmanner,thatis,thesystemsecurityproblemsarefirstdividedintoanumberofsecuritytopics(functions)asthehighestlevel;thenOneofthesecuritytopicsisdividedintoseveralsub-functionsasthesecondhigh-level;afterthat,asub-functionisfurtherdividedintoseveralgrandchildren;thelowestlevelisasetofminimumselectablesecurityfunctions,whichcannotbedecomposed.Inthisway,multiplelevelsofsecurityfunctionsareusedtocoverallaspectsofsystemsecurity.

(4)Moderation.Atpresent,almostallenterprisesandpublicinstitutionsfollowtheprincipleofmoderatesafetywhenimplementingsystemsafetyprojects,thatis,accordingtoactualneeds,providemoderatesafetygoalstoachievethem.Thisisbecause:ontheonehand,duetothemulti-facetedanddynamicnatureofsystemsecurity,itisdifficulttoachievecomprehensivecoverageofsecurityissues;ontheotherhand,evenifsuchapossibilityexists,theresourcesandcostsrequiredarehigh.Unacceptable.Thisisthemoderationofsystemsecurity.

Systema-levelintegration

Theprocessofcomprehensivelyandsystematicallyanalyzingandtestingaproject,aproduct,orsoftware,afteritsformation,itsfunctionorresponsibilitychain.Intheproductionprocessofaproduct,thegeneralmethodistodividetheproductfunctionsatthemodulelevel,andthecorrespondingmodulelevelsynthesis,thatis,aftereachmoduleiscompleted,itsactualcompletedfunctionsaretestedinordertomeettheexpectedrequirements.Whenallthemodulesarecompleted,proceedtoassembly.Correspondingtoitissystemintegration.Itisatestingmethodthatallowstheinitiallyformedproducttoruninavarietyofpredictableman-madeenvironmentsinordertoobtainpossibleproblemssothattheproductcanbeimproved.

Tocompletethesystem-levelsynthesisisaverycomplicatedprocess,youfirstneedtohaveadeepknowledgeofthevariouspossiblesituationsandenvironmentsthattheproductwillface.Andyoumusthaveadeepunderstandingofthefunctionsyourproductneedstocomplete.

Whentheproductisinitiallyformed,weshouldknowthecouplingrelationshipbetweenthemodules,aswellasthe"intimacy"betweenthemodules,inordertopredicttheimpactonotherfunctionalmodulesafteramoduleisdamaged.Thesecondistotestthefunctionsthattheproductcancompleteonebyonetofindoutthefunctionalvulnerabilitiesanderrorsthattheproductdoesnotachieveorimplement.Finally,itisnecessarytotesttheperformanceoftheproductinthepossiblelimitstate,commonlyknownasthelimitconditiontest.Itmakesusknowtheresistanceandresistanceofthisproducttoharshconditions.

Ratio-in-a-chip

Systemonachip(systemonachip),alsocalledsystem-on-a-chip,meansthatitisaproduct,anintegratedcircuitwithadedicatedtarget,whichcontainsThecompletesystemhasallthecontentsoftheembeddedsoftware.Atthesametime,itisakindoftechnologytorealizethewholeprocessfromdeterminingthesystemfunctiontodividingthesoftware/hardwareandcompletingthedesign.

Inanarrowsense,itisthechipintegrationofthecoreoftheinformationsystem,whichistheintegrationofkeycomponentsofthesystemonachip;inabroadsense,SoCisamicro-smallsystem,ifthecentralprocessingunit(CPU)isthebrain,soSoCisthesystemincludingthebrain,heart,eyesandhands.TheacademiccirclesathomeandabroadgenerallytendtodefineSoCastheintegrationofmicroprocessor,analogIPcore,digitalIPcoreandmemory(oroff-chipmemorycontrolinterface)onasinglechip.Itisusuallycustomizedbycustomersorforspecificpurposes.Standardproduct.

ThebasiccontentofSoCdefinitionismainlymanifestedintwoaspects:oneisitscomposition,andtheotherisitsformationprocess.Thecompositionofthesystem-on-chipcanbeasystem-on-chipcontrollogicmodule,amicroprocessor/microcontrollerCPUcoremodule,adigitalsignalprocessorDSPmodule,anembeddedmemorymodule,aninterfacemoduleforcommunicatingwiththeoutside,andaninterfacemodulecontainingADC/DACAnalogfront-endmodule,powersupplyandpowermanagementmodule.ForawirelessSoC,therearealsoradiofrequencyfront-endmodule,user-definedlogic(whichcanbeimplementedbyFPGAorASIC)andmicro-electromechanicalmodule.Moreimportantly,aSoCchipisembeddedwithBasicsoftware(RDOSorCOSandotherapplicationsoftware)modulesorloadableusersoftware,etc.Thesystem-levelchipformationorproductionprocessincludesthefollowingthreeaspects:

Softwareandhardwareco-designandverificationbasedonamonolithicintegratedsystem;

ReuseoflogicareatechnologyusageandproductioncapacityratioEffectivelyimprovethedevelopmentandresearchofIPcoregenerationandreusetechnology,especiallytherepeatedapplicationoflarge-capacitymemorymoduleembedding;

Ultra-deepsub-micron(UDSM),nano-integrated circumitdesign theory andtechnology.

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