Batterie al nichel-cadmio

Mattersneedingattention

1. Può essere conservato nell'intervallo di temperatura di -30 ℃ -50 ℃, ma se viene conservato per lungo tempo, si prega di mantenerlo al di sotto di 35 ℃;

2.Itispossibletosavethechargedstateorthedischargedstate,butincomparison,thedischargedstatecanrestorethecapacityearlierandbeeasiertoactivate;

3.Whenthebatteryisstoredforalongtime,itmustbefullychargedbeforeuse.

Introductio

Nickel-CadmiumBatteries(Ni-Cd,Nickel-CadmiumBatteries,Ni-CdRechargeableBattery) aretheearliesttypes ofbatteriesusedinmobilephones,supertechandotherdevices.IthasGood high-currentdischargecharacteristics, strong resistance to overcharge and discharge: Simplex usus, followingre-actiones.

Cd+2NiO(OH)+2=2

+

Thereactionis opposite cum testificatione.

Themostfataldisadvantageofnickel-cadmiumbatteriesisthatiftheyareimproperlyhandledduringcharginganddischarging,serious"memoryeffects"willoccur,whichgreatlyshortenstheservicelife.Theso-called"memoryeffect"meansthatthebattery'spowerisnotcompletelydischargedbeforethebatteryischarged,whichwillcausethebatterycapacitytodecreaseovertime.Duringthebatterycharginganddischargingprocess(dischargeismoreobvious),alittlebitwillbegeneratedonthebatteryplate.Theaccumulationofthesebubblesreducestheareaof​​thebatteryplateandindirectlyaffectsthecapacityofthebattery.Ofcourse,wecanreducethe"memoryeffect"bymasteringreasonablecharginganddischargingmethods.Inaddition,cadmiumistoxic,sonickel-cadmiumbatteriesarenotconducivetotheprotectionoftheecologicalenvironment.Numerousshortcomingsmakenickel-cadmiumbatterieshavebasicallybeeneliminatedfromthescopeofapplicationofdigitalequipmentbatteries.

Enarratio

Ni-Cdbatterycanbechargedanddischargedmorethan500times,economicalanddurable.Itsinternalresistanceissmall,notonlytheinternalresistanceissmall,itcanbequicklycharged,butalsocanprovidealargecurrentfortheload,andthevoltagechangeissmallwhendischarging,itisaveryidealDCpowersupplybattery.Comparedwithothertypesofbatteries,nickel-cadmiumbatteriescanwithstandoverchargeoroverdischarge.Thedischargevoltageofnickel-cadmiumbatteriesvariesaccordingtotheirdischargedevices.Eachcell(Cell)isabout1.2V.ThebatterycapacityunitsareAh(Amperehour)andmAh(Milliamphour).ThelimitvalueofthedischargeterminationvoltageiscalledAsthe"end-of-dischargevoltage",theend-of-dischargevoltageofanickel-cadmiumbatteryis1.0/cell(celliseachunitcell).Theself-dischargerateislow,andthecharacteristicsofthenickel-cadmiumbatterywillnotdeteriorateafterbeingleftforalongtime,andtheoriginalcharacteristicscanbecompletelyrestoredafterfullcharging.Itcanbeusedinthetemperaturerangeof30°C-50°C.Sincetheunitcelladoptsametalcontainer,whichisstronganddurable;itadoptsacompletelysealedmethod,andtherewillbenoelectrolyteleakage,sothereisnoneedtoreplenishtheelectrolyte.

Thekeytoimprovingbatteryperformanceandextendingbatterylifeistoavoidmemoryeffectsandover-discharge.Nickel-cadmiumbatterieshaveamemoryeffect,thatis,afterseverallow-capacitycharginganddischargingoperationsofnickel-cadmiumbatteries,ifalargercapacitychargeanddischargeisrequired,thebatterywillnotworknormally.Thissituationiscalledthememoryeffect(Memoriae effectus).EspeciallyonVCRsandcameraswherethedischargeendvoltageissettobehigher,astheworkingvoltagedecreases,thebatterycapacityappearstodecrease,butthedecreaseindischargevoltagemaybetemporarilycausedbyoneortwocompletedischarges.Phenomenon.Thememoryeffectmakesthebattery'sperformanceunabletobefullyutilized,anditalsobringsgreatinconveniencetoshooting.Therefore,inuse,youshouldpayattentiontousingachargerwithcharginganddischargingperformance,suchasSony'sBC-1WDCE,toavoidthegenerationofmemoryeffects.WhenusinggeneralchargerssuchasBC-1WAandBC-1WB,onedischargecanbeperformedafterabout10timesofcharging,whichcanalsoachievethepurposeofpreventingthememoryeffect.

Principium

Principiumanalysis

Chemicalsynthesisofhydroxideion(OH-)incadmium(Cd)andsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)inthenegativeelectrodeCadmiumhydroxideisattachedtotheanodeandalsoemitselectrons.Theelectronstravelalongthewiretothecathode,andreactwiththenickeldioxideinthecathodeandthewaterinthesodiumhydroxidesolutiontoformnickelhydroxideandhydroxideions.Thenickelhydroxidewilladheretotheanode,andthehydroxideionswillreturntohydrogen.Insodiumoxidesolution,theconcentrationofsodiumhydroxidesolutionwillnotdecreasewithtime.

Theactivematerialonthepositiveplateofthenickel-cadmiumbatteryiscomposedofnickeloxidepowderandgraphitepowder.Graphitedoesnotparticipateinchemicalreactions,anditsmainfunctionistoenhanceconductivity.Theactivematerialonthenegativeplateiscomposedofcadmiumoxidepowderandironoxidepowder.Thefunctionoftheironoxidepowderistomakethecadmiumoxidepowderhavehigherdiffusibility,preventagglomeration,andincreasethecapacityoftheelectrodeplate.Theactivematerialsarerespectivelywrappedinperforatedsteelstrips,whichbecomethepositiveandnegativeplatesofthebatteryafterbeingpress-formed.Thepolarplatesareseparatedbyalkali-resistanthardrubberinsulatingrodsorperforatedpolyvinylchloridecorrugatedboards.Theelectrolyteisusuallypotassiumhydroxidesolution.Comparedwithotherbatteries,theself-dischargerateofNiCdbatteries(thatis,therateatwhichthebatteryloseschargewhennotinuse)ismoderate.DuringtheuseofNiCdbatteries,iftheyarenotfullydischarged,theywillberecharged,andthenexttimetheyaredischarged,theywillnotbeabletodischargealltheirpower.Forexample,if80%ofthebatteryisdischargedandthenfullycharged,thebatterycanonlydischarge80%ofthebattery.Thisistheso-calledmemoryeffect.Ofcourse,severalcompletedischarge/chargecycleswillrestoretheNiCdbatterytonormaloperation.DuetothememoryeffectofNiCdbatteries,iftheyarenotcompletelydischarged,eachbatteryshouldbedischargedbelow1Vbeforecharging.

praecipiens

NiCdbatterycharging

ChargetheNiCdbatterywithconstantcurrentintherangeof0.05Ctogreaterthan1C.Somelow-costchargersuseabsolutetemperaturetoterminatecharging.Althoughsimpleandlow-cost,thischargingterminationmethodisnotaccurate.Abettermethodistoterminatechargingbydetectingthevoltagedropwhenthebatteryisfullycharged.ForNiCdbatterieswithachargerateof0.5Corhigher,the-ΔVmethodisthemosteffective.-ΔVchargeterminationdetectionshouldbecombinedwithbatterytemperaturedetection,becauseagingbatteriesandmismatchedbatteriesmayreduceΔV.

Amoreaccuratefullchargedetectioncanbeachievedbydetectingthetemperatureriserate(dT/dt),whichisbetterforthebatterythanthefixedtemperaturetermination.ThechargeterminationmethodbasedonthecombinationofΔT/dtand-ΔVcanavoidbatteryoverchargingandextendbatterylife.Fastchargingcanimprovechargingefficiency.Atachargingrateof1C,theefficiencycanbecloseto1.1(91%),andthetimetofullychargeanemptybatteryisalittleover1hour.Whenchargingat0.1C,theefficiencydropsto1.4(71%),andthechargingtimeisabout14hours.

BecausetheNiCdbatteryreceivescloseto100%ofelectricalenergy,almostalloftheenergyisabsorbedduringthe70%ofthechargingstart,andthebatteryremainsnon-heating.Theultra-fastchargertakesadvantageofthisfeaturetochargethebatteryto70%withinafewminutes,chargingwithacurrentofseveralCwithoutgeneratingheat.Afterchargingto70%,thebatterywillcontinuetochargeatalowerrateuntilthebatteryisfullycharged.Finally,thechargingendswithatrickleof0.02Cto0.1C.

Basicfeatures

1.Nickel-cadmiumbatteriescanbechargedanddischargedmorethan500times,whichisveryeconomical;

2.Theinternalresistanceissmall,anditcanbeusedforhighcurrentdischarge.Whenitisdischarged,thevoltagechangeslittle.AsaDCpowersupply,itisabatteryofexcellentquality;

3.Becauseofthecompletelysealedtype,therewillbenoelectrolyteleakage,andthereisnoneedtoreplenishtheelectrolyte;

4.Comparedwithothertypesofbatteries,nickel-cadmiumbatteriescanwithstandoverchargeordischarge,andtheoperationissimpleandconvenient;

5.Theperformancewillnotbedegradedunderlong-termstorage,andtheoriginalcharacteristicscanberestoredwhenfullycharged;

6.Canbeusedinawidetemperaturerange;

7.Becausis madeofametali continentis, itismechanically strong;

8.Nickel-cadmiumbatteriesaremanufacturedunderverystrictqualitymanagementandhaveverygoodqualitydependence.

Marisque

A.Longlifespan

Nickel-cadmiumbatteriescanprovidemorethan500chargeanddischargecycles,andthelifespanisalmostequivalenttotheequipmentusingthisbatteryTheserviceperiod.

B.Excellentdischargeperformance

Inthecaseofhighcurrentdischarge,nickel-cadmiumbatterieshavelowinternalresistanceandhighvoltagedischargecharacteristics,sotheyarewidelyused.

C.Longstorageperiod

Nickel-cadmiumbatterieshavelongstoragelifeandfewrestrictions.Theycanstillbechargednormallyafterlong-termstorage.

D.High-ratechargingperformance

Ni-Cdbatteriescanbequicklychargedaccordingtoapplicationneeds,andthefullchargetimeisonly1.2hours.

E.Wide-rangetemperatureadaptability

Ordinarynickel-cadmiumbatteriescanbeusedinhigherorlowertemperatureenvironments.High-temperaturebatteriescanbeusedinanenvironmentof70degreesCelsiusorhigher.

F.Reliablesafetyvalve

Safetyvalveprovidesmaintenance-freefunction.Nickel-cadmiumbatteriescanbeusedfreelyduringcharging,dischargingorstorage.Duetotheuseofspecialmaterialsforthesealingring,coupledwiththeroleofthesealant,thenickel-cadmiumbatteryrarelyleaks.

G.Widerangeofapplications

Ni-Cdbatterycapacityrangesfrom100mAhto7000mAh.Therearegenerallyfourtypesofstandardtype,consumertype,high-temperaturetypeandhigh-currentdischargetype,whichcanbeappliedtoanywirelessdevice.

H.High-quality and high-reliabilityproductshavepassedQS9000qualitycertification.

Memoriae effectus

Whenanickel-cadmiumbatteryisrepeatedlydischargedandchargedatalowcapacity,ifalargeramountofdischargeisrequired,thebatterywillnotwork.InthiscaseWecallitthe"memoryeffect".Thememoryeffectmaybethemostmisunderstoodprobleminnickel-cadmiumbatteries.Arecorderwithahigherdischargeendvoltage,astheusedvoltagebecomeslower,onthesurfaceseemstodecrease,butthelowdischargevoltagecanbesolvedby1to2completedischarges.Itisrecommendedtodischargeonceaftertenrechargestopreventmemoryeffect.

Batterymaintenance

Batterylifereferstothenumberofchargeanddischargetimesbeforethechargeanddischargecapacitydropsto80%ofthenominalcapacityafteraperiodofuse.Failureisthelifeofthebattery;self-dischargeratereferstothephenomenonthatthebatteryslowlyself-dischargesafterbeingfullychargedandleftunusedforalongtime.Thelowself-dischargerateindicatesthatthecapacitydropslessafterlong-termstorage.

Forout-of-townshootingprogramsornewsinterviews,portablevideorecordingequipmentisgenerallyused.Thebatteriesusedinconjunctionwiththeportablevideorecordingequipmentcanbeefficientandhigh-qualitycontinuouslong-termworktoensurethesmoothprogressoftheshootingworkAvitalpart.ThenormalfunctionofthebatteryiscloselyrelatedtothecorrectuseandcarefulmaintenanceofourTVandaudio-visualworkersintheirdailywork.Therefore,theuseandmaintenanceissuesshouldarouseourattention.

1.Indailywork,youshouldbefamiliarwiththetypeofbatteryyouuse,itsbasiccharacteristicsandperformance.Thisisofgreatsignificanceforguidingusinthecorrectuseandmaintenance,anditisalsoextremelyimportantforextendingtheservicelifeofthebattery.

2.Whencharging,theroomtemperatureisbettertobecontrolledbetween10℃and30℃.Itisbettertotakecoolingmeasuresifthetemperatureishigherthan30℃toavoiddeformationduetooverheatinginsidethebattery;theroomtemperatureislowerthan5℃Atthistime,itwillcauseinsufficientchargingandaffecttheservicelifeofthebattery.

3.Afterthebatteryhasbeenusedforaperiodoftime,duetothedifferentdegreeofdischargeandaging,therearemoreorlessinsufficientchargingandperformancedegradation.Generally,thenickel-cadmiumbatterycanbechargedabout10times.Afterthedischargecycle,anoverchargeisperformed.Themethodistoextendthechargingtimeabouttwiceaslongasthenormalchargingtime.Thespecificexampleisasfollows:UseSONY'sBC-1WA(B)chargertochargetheNP-1battery.Whenthegreenlightflashes,itisfastcharging.Whenthegreenlightstopsflashingandstayson,thefastchargingends.Thedripchargingstarts.Whenthedripchargingtimeisextended,Thedripchargingtimeistheoverchargetime,andtheoverchargetimeispreferably3-4hours.

4.Thecharginganddischargingofthebatteryshouldbeoperatedstrictlyinaccordancewiththerequirementsandspecifications,andavoidlong-termovercharge,overdischargeorfrequentundercharge.Incompletedischarge,long-termlow-currentdeepdischargeorshort-circuitduringbatteryuseareallimportantfactorsthatcausethedecreaseofbatterycapacityandshortenedlife.Inthelongrun,illegaluseandoperationwillnotonlyaffecttheuse,butalsoinevitablyaffectthecapacityandlifeofthebattery.

5.InthecommonlyusedBC-1WA(B)charger,thebatterychargingprocessshouldbecompletedatonetime.Donotcutoffthepowerhalfwayorafterthefastchargingisover,thebatteryisinahightemperaturestate,andthepoweristurnedonagain.Makethechargertoquicklychargethebatteryagain,resultinginovercharging.Whenthebatteryalarmindicatorflashesduringuse,thebatteryshouldbereplacedintimetoavoidexcessivebatterydischarge.

6.Nickel-cadmiumbatteriesdonotneedtobechargedandstoredwhentheyarenotinuseforalongtime,butthebatteriesmustbedischargedtotheterminationvoltage(thecamerabatterywarninglightflashes)beforetheycanbepackagedandstoredintheoriginalpackagingcartonorcloth,Afterpaperpackaging,storeinadryandventilatedplace.

Recyclingofusedbatteries

Curatio processuum

Nickel-cadmiumbatteryisanalkalinestoragebattery,itspositiveplateisnickelhydroxide,andthenegativeplateiscadmium.Theelectrolyteispotassiumhydroxideorsodiumhydroxidesolution.Nickel-cadmiumbatteriescontainalargeamountofNi,CdandFe.Amongthem,Niisanimportantrawmaterialforsteel,electricalappliances,non-ferrousalloys,electroplating,etc.,andCdisararemetalusedinbatteries,pigments,andalloys.Itisextremelytoxicandmustbescrapped.Recycling.Inordertorecovercadmium,nickel,ironmaterialsandplasticsinnickel-cadmiumbatteries,thefollowingprocessingproceduresaregenerallyadopted:

(1)Mechanicaldisassemblyanddischargeofelectrolyte:separatethesupportandcasingofthelargebattery,anddischargetheKOHisusuallyneutralizedwithacidtoformpotassiumsaltandthendiscarded.

(2)Crushing,screeningandphysicalseparation:screeningandmagneticseparationarecarriedoutaccordingtotheparticlesizeandmagneticsusceptibilityofdifferentmaterials.Obtainfine-grainedelectrodematerialsandcoarse-grainedstainlesssteel,ironwasteandplastics.Thelattertwoareneutralizedwithacid,washedwithwater,andthenrecycled.

(3)Chemicalmetallurgicaltreatment:chemicalmetallurgicaltreatmentofactiveelectrodematerialstoobtainmetalcadmium,nickelortheircompoundreagents.

Recyclingprocess

Therecyclingtechnologyofwastenickel-cadmiumbatteriesisgenerallydividedintotwotypes:firetechnologyandwettechnology.

Thepyrotechnicprocessissimple,caneffectivelyrecoverpureCd,preventCdfrompollutingtheenvironment,andcanrecoverirongroupmetals.IthasbeenwidelyusedindevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Sweden,France,andJapan.However,thepyrometallurgicalmethodneedstobecarriedoutunderhightemperatureconditionsof90~1000℃,whichrequireshighenergyconsumption,andneedstoprocessalargeamountofhightemperaturedustyfurnacegas.Themetalrecoveryrateandproductpurityalsoneedtobeimproved.

TraditionalhydrometallurgicalprocessesarecurrentlyunabletorecoverasmallamountofCoinrawmaterials,andtheelectrolysisconditionsarestrict.Therefore,inordertomoreeffectivelyrecovervaluablemetalsfromwasteNiandCdbatteries,inadditiontocontinuousimprovementoftraditionalprocesses,newtreatmentprocessesarestillbeingstudiedathomeandabroad.Amongthem,solventextractionandammonialeachingaretwomorepromisingrecoveryprocesses.

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