Termien selitys
InmainlandChina,indifferentresearchunits,researchershavedifferentmeanings:
InthetitlesystemoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,researchersarenaturalOneoftheseriesofscientificresearchpositions,theyusuallytrainmasterstudentsanddoctoralstudents.Thereare12levelsfornaturalscienceresearchprofessionalandtechnicalposts,and4levelsforresearcherposts,correspondingtothenationalgeneralprofessionaltechnicalpostsfromlevelonetolevelfour,andcorrespondingtoprofessorleveltoprofessorlevelfourineducationinstitutions.Amongthem,thefirst-levelresearchershouldbeanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesoranacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.Thereare3levelsforassociateresearcher(seniorengineer)positions,3levelsforassistantresearcher(engineer)positions,and2levelsforresearchintern(assistantengineer)positions.Inthisscenario,theresearcherisusuallytranslatedasProfessororFullProfessor.
Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tutkimus, kuten Kiinan tiedeakatemia, on useita tutkimustehtäviä, mukaan lukien tutkija (junior), apulaistutkija (keskitaso), apulaistutkija (ammattilainen) ja tutkija (positiivinen vanhempi).
Insomeuniversities(suchasPekingUniversity,etc.),undertheinfluenceofWesternuniversities,Tenure-trackpositionsaresetup,butthepositionsystemandtheoriginaltitlesystemarenotequalinnameandconnotation.TakingintoaccounttheteachersForacademicworkrequirements,assistantprofessorsorTenureTrackassociateprofessorsareallowedtohavetheacademictitleof"researcher"atthesametime.Theyusuallyacceptpeerreviewathomeandabroadaftersixyears,andcanbepromotedtoTenuredassociateprofessorafterpassing(someextremelyoutstandingindividualscanbepromoteddirectlyAsaprofessor),apulaisprofessoriTenuredcanalsoholdtheacademictitleof"researcher"atthesametime(professorsobviouslydonotneedtheacademictitleof"researcher").Therefore,somescholars(assistantprofessorsorassociateprofessors)willself-translateasProfessorsaccordingtotheiracademictitles.Infact,intheWest,Apulaisprofessori,apulaisprofessori,andFullProfessorcanallbecalledProfessor.
Insomecompanies(suchasIBMResearchCenter),youcanalsogetaresearcherpositionafteryougraduatewithadoctorate,usuallytranslatedintoEnglishasResearchstaffmember.InMicrosoftResearchAsia,aresearcherisusuallycalledanassociateresearcher,researcher,seniorresearcherorleadresearcher,andusuallycanbereferredtoasaresearcherinEnglish.
InresearchinstitutionsinHongKong,theUnitedStates,ortheUnitedKingdom,post-doctoralresearchersorresearcherswhoarenotpartoftheFacultyareusuallyalsocalledResearchFellowsorResearchAssociates.Somepeoplealsotranslatethesetitlesasresearcherorassociateresearcher.
ItshouldbepointedoutthatattheAcademiaSinicainTaiwan,theresearcherisalsotranslatedasResearchFellow.UnlikethemainlandChineseAcademyofSciencessystem,theAcademiaSinicausuallydoesnottraingraduatestudents.
Generaltitlesofresearcherqualificationholdersinhighereducation:ResearchFellow,ResearchAssociate,ResearchFellow,generallytranslatedasresearcher,ResearchAssociate,generallytranslatedas"associate",Itisatermthathasacertainlevelbutdoesnothavethemeaningofhierarchy.ItisalsoverycommoninresearchinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.SuchasHarvardUniversityandYaleUniversity.
Arvostelu
Kaksi vuotta maisterin tutkinnon jälkeen voit hakea apulaistutkinnon suorittajan arvioon.Katsauksen jälkeen otsikko annetaan.Yleensä maisterin tutkinnon kanssa ei ole ongelmaa.
Afterthreeyearsofmaster'sdegreeasanassistantresearcher,youcanapplyfortheevaluationofanassociateresearcher.Themainrequirementsareacertificateofcomputerrankexamination,acertificateofforeignlanguagerankexamination,technicalpapersortechnicalworksummary,mainlyengagedinthreeyearsTechnicalworkresults,suchaspaperspublishedindomesticacademicjournals,writings,researchresultsofparticipatingprojects,etc.,ifthereareprovincialandministerialawards,thepossibilityofpassingthereviewwillincrease.
Afterfiveyearsofobtainingthetitleofassociateresearcher,youcanapplyforresearcherreview.Therequirementsarethesameasthoseforassociateresearcher,mainlyfortheconfirmationoftechnicalworkability.Youmusthaveevidencetoproveyouractualtechnicalworkability,thebestevidenceItistheresult.
Järjestelmä
MEILLE.
ResearchAssociateshouldbetranslatedas"researcher"or"researcher",orgenerallytranslatedas"researcher",Isatermthathasacertainlevelbutdoesnothavehierarchicalmeaning.ItisverycommoninAmericanresearchinstitutions,soitisnota"associateresearcher."
HongKong
StudentAssistant/TechnicalAssistant(studentresearchassistant)monthlysalary18000-24000HongKongdollars
Tutkimusassistentti/assistentti (tutkijaassistentti/tutkija)Kuukausipalkka 28000-34000Hongkongin dollaria
Senior Research Assistant/Associate(Senior Research Assistant/Associate(Senior Research Assistant/Associate)Kuukausipalkka 34000-42000HongKongdollaria
Tutkija (tutkija) Kuukausipalkka 60 000-80 000 Hongkongin dollaria
SeniorResearchFellow(SeniorResearchFellow)monthlysalaryisgreaterthan70,000HongKongdollars
ThesefivebigsalaryscalesarecollectivelycalledTutkimushenkilöstö(researchstaff).
Muut maat ja alueet
Research Associate (Eurooppa, Amerikka, Australia, Singapore; yleinen)
ResearchFellow (Commonwealthcountries)
Senior Research Fellow (Kiina, USA, Singapore)
Senior Fellow (USA)
Arvostettu kunniaprofessoriArvostettu kunniaprofessorii Professori(India,IndianInstituteofTechnology,IndiaInstituteofTechnology)
Kunniaprofessori (Eurooppa, Amerikka, Australia, Singapore; yleinen)
ResearchFellow/ProjectFellowTutkija (Eurooppa,USA,Australia,Singapore;yleinen)
Senior Research / Senior Project Fellow (Eurooppa, Yhdysvallat, Australia, Singapore; yleinen)
Tutkija
Tutkimushenkilöstö
PrincipalResearch/ProjectFellow
Professoritutkimus/ProjectFellow
Tutkimus/ProjectAssistantTutkija/ProjectAssistant
Research/ProjectAssociateAssociateResearch/ProjectClerk
Tutkimus/ProjectClerkResearch/ProjectClerk
Tutkimus/ProjectFellowResearch/ProjectTechnician
Research/ProjectTechnicianResearch/ProjectTechnician
ResearchAdministrativeAssistant/ProjectAdministrativeAssistant
ResearchTechnicalAssistant/ProjectTechnicalAssistant/ProjectTechnicalAssistant
SeniorResearch/ProjectFellowSeniorResearch/ProjectStaff
Opetushenkilökunta
AcademicStaff(inalphabeticalorder)AssistantLecturerAssistantLecturer
Apulaisprofessori
ApulaisprofessoriIILevel2Apulaisprofessori
Apulaisluennoitsija
apulaisprofessori
Puheenjohtaja Professori
DemonstratorTeaching Assistant
GeneralEducationInstructorGeneralEducationInstructor
HeadDean
AssociateHeadAssociateDean
OhjaajaOpettaja
Kielenopettaja
Luennoitsija Luennoitsija
Part-timeFieldworkSupervisorPart-timeFieldworkSupervisor
Yliopettaja
Professori Professori
SeniorInstructorSeniorOpettaja
SeniorKielenopettajaSeniorKielenopettaja
Vanhempi luennoitsija Vanhempi luennoitsija
Opetusassistentti
Kunnianimike
Kunnia-, lisä- ja vierailunimitys
Arvostettu kunniaprofessori
Kunniaprofessori
Kunniajäsen
Kunnialuennoitsija Kunnialuennoitsija
HonoraryClinical Associate HonoraryClinical Associate
AdjunctProfessorAdjunctProfessor
AdjunctapulaisprofessoriAdjunctApulaisprofessori
AdjunctApulaisprofessoriAdjunctApulaisprofessori
AdjunctClinicalAssociatePart-timeClinicalTutor
Vieraileva professori Vieraileva professori
VisitingapulaisprofessoriVisitingapulaisprofessori
VisitingApulaisprofessoriVisitingApulaisprofessori
Vieraileva FellowVisitingScholar
Vieraileva luennoitsija Vieraileva luennoitsija
Vieraileva luennoitsija (osa-aikainen) osa-aikainen luennoitsija
VisitingClinicalAssociateVisitingClinicalInstructor
p>Uran johdatus
Tutkijasgenerallyrefertoseniorresearchersinscientificresearchinstitutions,whohavemasteredthelatestinternationalanddomesticdevelopmentsintheirfield,haveachievedhigh-levelresearchresults,andhavetoparticipateAndcompleteimportantscientificresearchtasksofthecountryorunit,andparticipateintheresearchofimportantinternationalcooperationprojects.
Työn sisältö
1.Participateinandcompleteimportantnationalscientificresearchtasks;
2.Participateinresearchonimportantinternationalcooperationprojects;
3,Responsibleforkeytechnologyresearchanddevelopmentprojects;
4.Participateintechnicalexchanges,andberesponsiblefortheformulationofstandardsforrelatedtechnicalprojects;
5.Olemassa olevan tutkimustyön parantaminen ja täydellisyys;
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6.Workwiththeresearchteamtodevelopinnovativeproducts.