Kellotaajuus

Esittely

Inleektronicteknologia, apulaisuuntainen tietojengignalThatiscontIntyeMiveDaccordingToACURTVOLTAMPLITUDEACERTERAINTIMINIVERVALVERVI.TheTimeInterValbetweenPulsesignalsiscalledPeriod; jaPenumberofPulsesGeneratedInitTime (Suurs1second-A ISCALLEDFREquency.TaajuusmeasurementnamethatDescrestHenumberofPulsesthatoccurinaperiodicCycleSignal (mukaan lukien meriryhmät-A virallinen.TheystemclockinacomputterisatypicalPulsesignalgeneratorWithAirlyAccuraTeanDStableFreenacy.FesencyisReprentedByby "F" inmathemaattiset ekspressiot jaScorrespondingUnitsare: Hz (Hertz-A, KHz (kiloherts-A, MHz (megaherts-A, GHz [Gigahertsit (1gigahertz = 1000000000-A].

Kohdasta 1 GHz = 1000MHz, 1MHz = 1000 khz, 1 khz = 1000Hz.TheTimeunitforculculingThePulsesignalPerioDandTheCorresionConversionRelationshipAare: S (sekuntia-A, MS (millisekunnit-A, μs (mikrosekuntia-A, NS (nanosekuntia-A, joiden joukossa: 1S = 1000 ms, 1 ms = 1000 μs, 1 μs = 1000NS.THEEransMissionCodeisshownInFigure1.

Cpuclockspeed

Cpuclockspeed, thatis, theclockfrequencyfthecpucore (cpuclockspeed-A.Yleisesti ottaen, HowmanyghzdoesAcartCpUhave ja ThisNumberofgHzisThe "CPU'sMainFrequency".ManyPeoplethinkthatthemainFrequencyfthecpuisitsoperaTingspeed, butitis ei.ThrainfrequencyfthecpurePresentsTheSpeedatwhithedigitalPulsesignaloscillatesInThecpu, andisnotDirectlyRelatedTeAcTualComputingPowersfthecpu.On olemassa.-A.SincetemainFrequencyDoesnotDirectlyRepresentThecalculationspeed, UndercircirmStances, teatnaalcalculationspeedfthecpuwithahigherMainFrequencyislKelyTobelower.

Forexample, Mossofamd'sathlonxpseriescpuscanachievethehighercPuperformanceofintel’spentium4seriescpusaTaLowerfrequency, sotheatlonxpseriescpusarebasedontheprvalue.Tonameit.Siksi ThrainFrequencyisonlyAspectOfCPUperFortance and DoesnotRePresentTheOverLerformancefthecpu.ThrainfrequencyfthecpudoesnotRepresentthespeedOfthecpu, mutta ennätysTheMainFrequencySessessentialToincreatetecpu'scomputingspeed.FESTEXAMPAY, BORLOOSEACERTCPUEXECUTESANARITHMEETICInSTRUNCTIONONONCLOCKCYCLE, LOPPUSTIES.Becausethe100mHzclockcycleTakeshalftHetimeComparedtothe50mHzClockCycle, Thatis, theTimeRequiredforacpuworingat100mHztoExecuTeanoperationInstructiony10nsShorterthan20nswhenworkingat5mHz.Thespeedisalsodoubled.Se on vain, ettäoveralloperaTingspeedOfTheComputerDependsNoTonlyonTheComputingspeedOfThecpu.Ainoa, että operaTingspeedOfeachsub-systemandtheDatransmissionspeedbetBetSub-systemCanbefterAningimproved, theoveralloperatingspeedOfTheComputerCanbetrulyimproved,.

Rajoitukset

Kasvavahinta.Bacausethecpuismanfacturedonasemiconductorsiliconchip, biresarerequiredtoconnectbetweenthecomponentSonthesiliconchip.BacausethewiresarerequiredTobeasThinasPossibledunderHighFrequencyConditions, SOVERROREDUCESTRAYInterferencesuchaswiredistriplatedCapacitanceinorderToensuretReCorectoPerationOfthecpu.Siksi, että valmistuskehitysprosessisonisone, joka.

AbriefhistoryofDevelopment

Theclockfrequencyismeasuredin"severalcyclespersecond",usingtheinternationalstandardunitHertz(Hz-A.Thecomputerperformsitsmostbasicactionssuchasaddingtwonumbersortransferringvalues​​fromoneregistertoanother.ErilainenchipsMayHaveDifferentClockFrequentsonthesamecomputermoterboard.Yleensä kenraalit, jotka ovat sensteplattu "kellofrequency" UsestHespeedOfThecpu.THECHECPUISUSUSUSTERMALDBYTHEFREQUENCTOFTHESCILATORCRYSTAL.Teoriginaali.77MHz(4,770,000cycles/second-A.In1995,Intel'sPentiumchipranat100MHz(100millioncycles/second-A,andin2002,theIntelPentium4modelwasintroducedasthefirstCPUwithaclockfrequencyof3gigahertz(3billioncycles/second-A.

KellofrequencyisheonlywayTocomPerhePerformanceFCipsinthesamefamily.AnibmpersonalcomputerWithanIntel486cpurunningat50mHzwillbetWiceaSasonerunningat25mHzwiththesamecpu, muisti ja display.Kuitenkin termianyotherfactorstoconsiderwhencomparingthespeedOftheirecomputer, sucastheclockfrequencyofTheComopteer'sfrontbus, theclockfrequencyfthememorychip.

Kellotaajuinen.Sen sijaan actertureSoftwareBenchmarkShouldBeule.TheclockfrequencyCanbeveryMisleading, beusedifferentcomputerCipsMayChangeaConsiderAbleAnAnToForKinonecycle.Forexample,RISCCPUstendtohavesimplerinstructionCPUs(buthigherclockfrequencies-AthanCISC,andpipelinedprocessorsperformmorethanoneinstructionpercycle.

InTheEArly1990 -luvut, MARPCONPUTERCOMPANIESPÄIVÄT.Thishasledtovariousmarketingcompetitions,suchasApple’sdecisiontocreateandselltheMacintosh8100/110ataclockfrequencyof110MHzsothatApplecanadvertisethatitscomputershavethefastestclockspeedavailable-themostFastIntelprocessorscanbeutilizedatthetimerunningat100MHz.Tämä.PowerPcisfasterInsometasks, Butslowerinothers.

Intel'scompetitoramdbegantouseModelnumbersinsteadflockfrequenciestoSellitscpus, sanoen, että "megahertsmyth".In2004, intelannouncedThatitTouldothesame, oletettavasti duetoconconconfusionInitspentiummmobilecpu, joka reportedlyRanatapProxydalftheclockFrequencyfthePentium4cpu.

Tiheys ja nopeus

Therelationshipbetweenfrequencyandspeed:Generallyspeaking,thenumberofinstructionscompletedinoneclockcycleisfixed,sothehigherthefrequency,ThefastertheCPUspeed.Kuitenkin baceetheinternalstructureofvariouscpusisnotthesame, thrainFrequencyCannotbeUnedToSumMarizethePerformancefthecpu.ButthecPufRequencyCandeMetEntegradeandPricelevelOfTheComputer.TakePentium42.0Sanexample.Senmainfrequencyis2.0 GHz.WhatdoESTHisshow?

Erityisesti 2.0 GHzmeansthatitgenerates2billionclockpulsesignalspersecond,andeachclocksignalperiodis0.5nanosekuntit.ThePentium4cpuhas4pipineoperationUntit.IFTHELOADISEVEN, ThecpucanperForm4BinaryAdditionOperationsIn1ClockCycle.

Tämä.ButsuchanamazingcomputingspeedCannoTotefyServeusers- ja THECOMPUTERHardWareanDoperatingSysteMiTselfconsuMecureurces.TheathlonxPprocessoradoptsThePrnominalMethod.TheconversioncalculationformulabetweenthenominalfrequencyandtheactualfrequencyoftheAthlonXPprocessorwitha266MHzfront-sidebusfrequencydisclosedbyAMDisasfollows:nominalfrequency=3×actualfrequency/2-500actualfrequency=2×nominalfrequency/3+333Forexample,theactualfrequencyofAthlonXP2100+is1733MHz=2×2100/3+333

Konseptitulkinta

AbeautifulpiebefmusictHewillBeamintHeme, jaTeMainthemeOfTheComputterItTheClockFrequencyOfthecpu.Mainfrequency, fsbandMultiplier, WhereTheycome?

ThereArtemanysemiconductorChipsinacomputer, jaAchchipworksAtSpecificclockfrequency.TheclockSignalproviddedByTheClockGenerATOTTOTHECHISACONTUNEPULSESIGNAL- JA THEPULSEEQUIVALENTTOTHEPULSEOFTHECHIPPIP.Jokainen tiimeaPulsErrives, thetransistorinthechipChangessTateonce, sallimalla sentirechiptocompleteacertaINTask.

Mahdollisimmin.MonentransistorinthedigitalChipareallinTheon-OffState, jaArturn-Onandturn-OffactionActionArealCarriedOutinaccordance.UntheclockfrequencySOOHigh, theestateftHetransistoRormayNotBeChangedIntime, tuloksena oleva.Siksi jokainen.

Whatisthefrequency?

Frequencyisrepresentedbyf,andthebasicunitis"1time/second",whichisrecordedasHz(hertz-A.1HzmeanSoncePersCond ja10Hzmeans10TimesPersCond.Kuitenkin theunitofhzistoosmallincomputers, sothesignalFreenactensUSUSSESSEMPRESSEDINKHZ, MHZ, ORGHZ.Asthefrequencyrises,IamafraidthatThzwillneedtobeusedastheunitoffrequencyinafewyears(Table1-A.

1.Ajanjakso

Sisäinen.ThePeriodishereciprocaloftHefrequency, theihighthefrequency, theshortertheperiod.Forexample, Whentheclockfrequencyis1ghz, theclockperiodis1nanosecond.

2.Bandwidthfrequency

Toinen parameterrelatedTofrequencyisDataTransMissionRate, Alsoknownas "Bandwidth", on käyttänyt.Undernormalcircumstances,bandwidth=clockfrequency×(bitwidth÷8-A.Forexample, THECHEPCIBUSIS33.33MHz, ja BecausitsBitWidThis32bit, senBandWidThis33.33×(32÷8-A=133MB/s.

3.CPUfrequency:In286andearliercomputers,theCPUfrequencyisthesameasthefrequencyoftheexternalbus.Theintel386computerUsSaclockFrequencyDivisionMethod.TheclockcircuitProvidesAClockSignalTotecpuatAfrequencyOf33MHz.Intel80486DX2USSFREquencyMultipliplication, joka on ohjeetehtoinen.JälkikäteenThepentiumera, taajuusmultiplicationTechnologyHasbeenWidely -käyttämättömät ja thefrequencyMultiplicationftheprocessorHasreached20Times.

Systemclockfrequency:Usuallyalsocalled"externalfrequency"-theclockfrequencyoftheCPUexternalbus.The ExexternalFrequencyisprovEdbyThefrequencyynthesizerChip, jaThefrequencySynthesizerChipwillbeInTratedIndetallater.Mainfrequency:ThemainfrequencyistheactualoperatingfrequencyoftheCPUcore(integerandfloating-pointarithmeticunit-Acircuit,whichisdeterminedbytheFSB(orfrontsidebusfrequency-Aandthemultiplier,thatis:mainfrequency=FSB×multiplier.

FrontSideBusFrequency:TheFrontSideBus(FSB-AfrequencyisthefrequencyofdataexchangebetweentheCPUandtheNorthBridgechip.ITISRELATEDTOTHEFSBANDHASTHEDIFFERY.FsbisthefrequencyFrontSideBusClockSignal ja THEESTRONSIDEBUSFREQUENCTREFSTOTHFREQUENCTOFDATATRANSMission.ForthePentium4processor,duetotheQDR(QuadDataRate,4timesdatarate-Atechnology,datacanbetransmitted4timesinoneclockcycle,sothefront-sidebusfrequencyisequivalentto4timestheFSB:FSB800MHzTheprocessor,theFSBisonly200MHz.

WhoisgeneratingThefrequency

WeCanregardTheClockSignalgeneratorasthefrequencysourceasHEHESTOFTHECOMPUTER.THECOMPUTERCANONLYWORKIFTHEHeartbeats.

1.Värähtelyt: Crystalcoscillator

ThechipitifelfoesnotUSUSHAVEACHOCKSIGNALSOURCE, SOADEDICATICEDCLOCKCICUTUTMUSTPROVIDETECLOCKSIGNAL.OSC-Aisoneofthemostcommonlyusedclocksignaloscillationsources.

Kvartsikrystalispureilicondioksidi, asinglecrytalofsilicondioxid.Therearetwotypesofquartzcrystals:natural(Crude-Acrystalsandsynthetic(synthetic-Acrystals.ThePusturalContendendmorfologyOfnaturalquartzCrystalSaremostlynotuniform, SothecrystalcillatorsLeelektroniccircutsestlyUSEGIFIFIFICALQUARTZCRYSTALS.

Athinslice(calleda"wafer"-Aiscutfromacrystalatacertainazimuthangle,andathinsilverlayerisappliedtothetwosurfacesofthewaferandthenapairofmetalplatesareattached.LotingThePinsandCapsulationitWithametalShellConstituutesaquartzcrystaloscillator.

ThereasonwhyaquartzwafercanbeuseSanoscillatorisbasedonitspiezoelectriceffect: addinganelektrinen kentällä,.Vaikka tämänheitteräympäristönhalvaushäiriöt, ItVibrationFrequencySeferyStable.Whenthefrequencyoftheappliedalternatingvoltageisequaltothenaturalfrequencyofthewafer(determinedbythesizeandshapeofthewafer-A,theamplitudeofmechanicalvibrationwillincreasesharply.Tämä fenomenononisoitettu "pietsosähköresonanssi."

THEEPIEZOEELCTICRESONANCESTATEMUSTEREALLISED WORTHTHEAIDOFANOSKILTORICUSTICUIT.Aseriesiskistiaattori, Two-StageAmplifierCompotefTransistorst1andt2, kvartsikrystalxtandCapacitorC2formanlccircuit.Sisäinen piirikunta, thequartzcrystalisequvalenttoanindukancance, andc2isavariablecapacitor.SäätöSCaPancityCanMakeTeciruitEnterAresonancestate.ThePowersupplyVoltagefTiciscillatoris5v ja.

THEFREquencyStabilityfthequartzcrystaloscillatorCanReach10^-9/päivä, jopa10^-11.Forexample, FORA10MHZOSCILLATOR, THEFREQUENCHCHEChangeWithinadayisGenerallyNotMorethan0.1Hz.Therefore,thecrystaloscillatorcanberegardedasaconstantreferencefrequencysource(quartzwatchesandelectronicwatchesallusequartzcrystalsfortimingreferencefrequencies-A.Sincethebirthofthepc, A14.318MHzquartzcrystaloscillatorhasbeenusedasareferenceFrequencysourceonthemotherboard.ASFORTHERAsonFORALWAYSUSINGTHEFREQUENCYF14.318MHz, kentiesitisHeneedToMainAincompatibility.Kuitenkin ialsOfound14.318MHZCRYSTALOSCILLORTORSINGRAPHICS -KARDIT, FLAXDRIVES JA.

IndditionTothis14.318MHzcrystalonthemotherboard, YouCanalsofinda32.768KHzcrystal,whichisusedinthereal-timeclock(RTC-Acircuittodisplayaccuratetimeanddate.

2.Taajuusdivider ja freequencyMultiplier

PelkistyksenefrequencyByntimes.Tämä onhoitoon.IntHefirstGenerationOfPCS, OutputFrequencyofTheEquartsystaloscillatorwas14.318MHz, WhilethemainFrequencyFtheIntel8086Processorwas4.77MHz, WHOWASEXACTLY1/3FTHORMERMER.ThefrequencyconversionisdoneinIntel8284(clockgenerator/driver-A,becausetheIntel8284chipintegratesathree-frequencydividercircuit,whichcanreducethepulsesignalgeneratedbythecrystaloscillatorby3timesandprovideittotheCPUandexternalSuppose

ASTHECPUFREquencycinscreals, TheCrystaloscillatorneedstobeIncreedSeveralTimestomeetTheneedsOfthecpu, SothefrequencyMultiplierreplacesthepositionfRefrequencyDiViderIntHeclockCircuit.EpäTefrequencyDividerPerformSadivisionoperation, thefrequencyMultiplierPerformSamultiplicationoperation, joka on aiheuttanut aiheenjohtokestävyyttä..

Clockchip: ProgrammbleFrequencysynthesizer

Integroituneena.Erottelut.Ifyoufinda286Motherboard Fromthewastebin, yocanseethattherearesveralcrystalcillatorsargedTogether.Thecpu, agpslot, pcislot, harddiskinterface, usbportandps/2portintHecomputerHaveveryDifferentCommunicationspeeds, sodifferentClockFrequencesneedTobeProvided, Forexample, Pcirequires33MHZ, USBIS48MHZ jne...Kuitenkin akvaartsoskillaattoriCanonlyProvideOneFrequency, SomotherboardvalmistSusutegratethesoscillatorCircuits,.Thegeneratedpulsesignalisdivided(ormultiplied-Ainordertoprovidetherequiredclockfrequencyforchips(ordevices-Aofdifferentoperatingspeeds.

Tavallinen frequencyDiViderisanIntegerFrequencyDivider ja theelationshipbetwevenheutputfrequencyandthedputfrequencyanIntegermultiple ja thefrequencyCanonlybeadjustedInstions.Thefrequencysynthesizerisa "fraktionaaldiver", joka kattaa.R&Dengineerscanfreelydesignvariousfrequenciesinthecircuit,andarenolongerlimitedbythefixedfrequencyspecificationsofthequartzoscillator.TheClockChipinthecomputergenerallyThe "fraktionalfrequencyDivision" -kyvyn ja keskenään ja headjustStSepLenthLengthCanbedESIGEDTO1%Oreven0.1%asetti.InorderToguidean ja standardishedESignandApplicationoffRequencysynthesizers, Intelhasformaultfrequencysynthesizerdesignguidelines, mellaScK97, CK40X jne..ThespecificationForthelatestPentium4ProcessoriscK410.

1.Periaate

FresensynthesizerisAclockSignalsystemWithFrequencyNegativeFeedback, WhatusESTWofRequencyDiders, MpisusedToReUcethereferenceFrequency, NpitisusedToDividethevco.Thefrequencyfigeneratedbythecrystaloscillator(OSC-AgetsthereferencefrequencyfrefaftertheMfrequencydivider,whichandthefeedbackfrequencyffdarerespectivelysenttothetworeverseinputterminalsofthefrequencydetector(FrequencyDetector,FD-A,andthefrequencydiscriminatoroutputADCvoltagereflectingthequotientofthetwoisfilteredbyalowpassfilter(LPF-AtoremovetheACcomponent,andthenprovidedtoaVoltageControlledOscillator(VCO-Atooutputthefrequencysignalfout.

Therelationshipbetweentheoutputfrequencyfoutofthefrequencysynthesizerandtheinputfrequencyfincanbeexpressedbytheformulafout=fin×(N+k/M-A,whereN,MandKareallintegers,KItcanbeanyintegerbetween0andM.Than-intugervaluen+k/väärinkäyttäjät.F, WherethedotRepresentsTheDecimalpoint, nrepreststheIntegerpartOfthe the Taajuus ja = k/mrEpresentsThefRactionalparTofthedhe.Aliarviointi, että.

IntHefrequencyynthesizerchip, seisaspecialSmbusInterfaceciruit, joka onSawayForTechip'sregisterstocommunickat.Withit, siellä.ThereareTWopossibilibilityForeachbitOfDaintHefrequencyregister, "0" tai "1", sitten milloin tahansa.

ThefrequencyAdjustAccuracyOfthefrequencysynthesizerisrelatedToTheNumberofbitsinthefrequencyregisters.Forexample, IFTHEFREquencyRegisteris5Bits, theadjustmentStePsizeS1MHz.Themorethenumber, korkeammanvärinen.INAPRACTICALFREQUENCYNTHESIZER,.Aslongastheusersetsthecorrespondingfoutvalue,theBIOScanautomaticallygivethevalues​​ofN,MandK,andwritethemthroughtheSMBusbus.IntOtheCorrespestioningregister.

2.PllrealizestheautomaticcontrolPrincipleoffaassynkronisointi

TheclockchipistheheartfheComopteer anditSperformanceandstabilityDeRenterMineTePerformanceftheTireHardWaresystem.OnTheOnHand, thefrequencysynthesizercansavecostandmotherboardspace- ja formoreThrantPurPoseSTOmAnAnastrictsynChronationRelationshipBetWeTheclockSignalsOftHemotHeChipSandPerIpHeraldevicesandtheClockSignalsofthecputOensurecDaTaTeExchangedesandheclockSignalsOfthecputOensurecDateexchanglecesiondsignalsOnChronationDaTheexchangledheclockSignals.ThefschipnotOnlehasafrequencyMultiplication/tiheysDivisionfunction, butalsohasaphaselockfunction-thephaseOftheputSignalisforcedTobeconsistentwiththephaseOfTeferenceSignal.Siksi, vaikka theeVariousClockSignalsOutputbyThefrequencySynthesizerardifferent, HeReRecompeTyConSistentinfaasi, jaTheyAllMainAnphaseSynkronisointi.

Inordertoachievephaselock, theclockSignaloutputbyThevcoiscompleredWithereferenceFrequencysignalinThepHeadetErector.JostwophaseDaErifferent, anErrorVoltageProportionalToThepHeadIfferenceWillBeOutput;.Jännitteenohjattu oskillaattori on jänniteohjattu oskillaattori.WhenthovoltageacrossTheInternalvarActordioDECHANGES, ITSCAPACITANCEWILLCHANGEACORDENTY, siten.

Jännitekontrollodecillatoristhecoreunitofthepl-piiri.Thephasecontrolprocessisachievedbychangingtheinputvoltageofthevoltage-controlledoscillator(iethetuningvoltage-A.Thesizeandpolarisuus, joka.

3.Muut functionsOfthefrequencysynthesizer

KäyttämälläThefrequencysynthesizerChipinthemotherboardDesignCaneaESILYRealizetheadJustmentOftheclockFrequencyandphaselock.DadditionTothesefunctions, thefrequencysynthesizeralsollowsmotherboarddesignengineerstofine-tunetheclockdelaybetweventHeVariousterfaceclockstokeepthecomponentsofvariouseSendDebuging-.

Adddition, TheFrequencysynthesizerChipcanalsomakeadifferenceIntermsOfSTEMSTABYBYBYYSAIKAAVUUS.OnTheOneHand, itCanlockThefrequencyThatDoesnotNeedTobeadjustedToPreventotherDevicesFromfailingDuEoOverClockingOfThecpu; ontherhand, jonkin verran, jonkin verran.AtHistime, tämä functioncanclearThefrequencyregistertomakethesystemStartNormaltAccordingTotheDefaultFrequencyOfthecpu.

Nykyään theapplicationoffrequencySynthesizerChipsisveryCommon.Commonbrandscludeics, sypressi, IDT, RealTekandWinbond.IntHenforce2Motherboard, nofrequencysynthesizercanbefound, bacausethefrequencysynthesisfunctionhasbeenIntegrationtiigp/sppchip.

THEEWORINGPROCESSOFTHEFREquencyMultiplierSignalofAMDathlonseriesProcessors.WhentheRESET#signalarrives,theprocessorsendstheFIDsignaltothelogicsignalconversionchip,andthechipgeneratesSIP(SerializationInitializationPacket,serialInitializationdatapacket-Atoinitializeandsetthesystembus.

THEEARESOMECONTICTINGLINESCALLEDGoldenbridgesOnThecpu.TheleVelofThefidSignalCanbesetbyChangingTheon-OffOfthegoldenbridge.Whenthegoldenbridgeison, itislowandwenitisoff, iTishigh.Taso.ThefidsignalisGeneratedIntheBuilt-INFREquencyMultiplierControlunit, jaAfterTheSignalisamplifiedByTheBuilt-infidDriveCircuit, itissentFromthefidPintothelogicsignalversionchip.IntShisway, TheFrequencysynthesisciruitInTetecpucansynthesizethecorefrequencyfthecpogethermethtHetwosignals frefrequencyMultiplierandTheexternalfrequency.

3.Muisti

TheemoryBusClockSignalonTheEearlyMotherboardswasalsalsogeneratedbyThefrequencySynthesizerChiponthemotherboardAside ja theclockfrequencyfthemorybuseSetbythenorthbridgechip.

SimilarTheTRincipleofautomaticsettietfcpUfRequency, TheFrequencysynthesizerInthenorthbridGechiPalsorealzesAutomaticsetToffRequencyThrughCeThartMeans.ThefrequencyofthememoryisprovidedbytheSPD(SerialPresenceDetectmemoryserialstoragechip-Aonthememorystick.SpdissimilarToThebiosonthemotherboard.Itstoresthememorycapacity,operatingfrequency,delaytime(CAS,tRCD,tRP,tCA-A,operatingvoltageandmanufacturerinformationofthememorychip.SittenorthbridGechipReadSeachMemoryChipthroughThesDapinoftHesmbusbus.FortheParametersinthespdofadimm, theinformationOfthespdchipwillberecordedintheregisterofthepllCiruitinthenorthbridgechip.

THEFREQUENCHTHEMEMORYBUSCLOCKANDTHESYSTEMCLOCKISOFTENDIFERENT.Forexample, whenthesystemclockis133mhzandthefrequencyfthemoryClockis200MHz.Tämä erimielisyys.Kuitenkin inordertoachievesynchronouscommunicationbetweventhememoryandthecpu, thetwobusesstillneedTobesynkronisoidunfaasi.ITISNOTTECHNICLIFICILTOACHEEVEPHAYSYNKRONISUUS, ASLONGASTHEPLLCICUTINTHENORTHBRIDGECHIPANDTHEPLLCICUTINTHEFREQUENCYNTHESIZESETHESAMEREFERTEFREQUENCTFREFREF.

Infact, thefrequencysyytyflug-and-playexternaldeviceSisBastHesameastheautomaticsetting ofMemoryFrequency.TheHostreadsthecharacteristParameters, ettäfreenfrequenciNtheromChipinTheDevice ja theNenautomatignSit.SystemResources, automaattisesti.

GetThePulseOfTheComputer

1.TarkistaTheactualFrequencyAndReleaSeTePoteSTHEDEVICE

IntelProcessorFrequencyIntutelityTheCPudeTectionSoftWarerElinedByIntelin.Thesoftwareliststwodata, "Reportfrequency" ja "odotettu FREQUENCY".ThefirstititemResentsThecurrenPeratingspeedOfthedCpu, jaThelatterReppresentsHEHighESTOPERATINGSPEEDDESIGNEDBYTHETEDEDCPUWHENITLEAVESTHEFACTORY.Jos.IFTERRETEDFREQUENCYISLOWERTHANTHEEXPEPREFREQUENCT, ITMANESTHATTHEPROCESSOR'SSCAPABITYARENTIONTIONE.

KäyttämälläThetestSoftwarecanRoughlyAntsAntHeworkingStatusOfeachDevice.ThereArtemanySimilarToTheaBoveTectionSoftware.Kuitenkin someadVancedPlayersDoubtMeThefrequencyMeasuredbyTheSoftwareIsAccurate.Tämä.IfthereferenceFrequencySelfisnotaccurates, theFrequencyValuemeasuredbyTheSoftwareSisdiffultoguarantee.Kuitenkin TOACCURESTYMEASURETHEFREQUENCYFTHECLOCKSIGNAL, YouCanuseanoscilloscope.

Siinä onLoserelationshipBetWeEnThePerformanceOfexternAleQuipmentAdTheOperatingFrequencyFTheTheterFaceCiruit.Taketheharddiskasanexample,ifyouuseAIDA32andothersoftwaretomeasurethehighestUDMAtransmissionmodeoftheharddiskasUDMA6(ATA-133-A,butthecurrentUDMAtransmissionmodeisUDMA1(ATA-33-A.That, theHardDiskCanworkaTafrequencyOf133MHz, mutta interfaceOnlyExChangesDataAfrequencyOf33MHz.Sen jälkeen.IntHiscase, itmeansTheThePotentialOfTheDeViceHasNotBeenyalteeryted.YouSShouldCheckCheckTheIntheterfacemodeselectionIntheBioSiscrectorsolveItByInStallThereSechandIDerIver.

2.PreveHeartbeatraatti

Epäthhefrequencyistoolow,.OnThecontrary, IlotHefrequencySOOHigh, ItwillcausetheequipmenttoworKunstableanDevensTrikeoutComplely.Yleensä, sen jälkeen.THEEDEDEVICEWORKORDUETOAFASTHEARTRATEOCCUPIESACONSIDERABLEPROPORTOFPUTERFAILURES.Farvariousreasons, toimitusfrequencyFSomeEquipmentisActUnTuppethenominalFraency.Forthetreatmentofsuchproblems,theauthorhasintroducedindetailinthearticle"ComputerFailureFrequencyReductionDiagnosis"("Microcomputer"2003Issue17-A.Sen olisilusteena oletettu.