Yuan Zhen

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Raná zkušenost

YuanZhenportrait (3 fotografie)

YuanZhen'sfatherYuanKuandiedwhenhewaseightyearsold.Hewaspoorandunemployed.Inhisearlychildhood,hewasnottrainedbyateacher.Hismother,Zheng,whowasborninascholarlyfamily,shoulderedtheburdenofeducatingYuanZhen.

Inthe9thyearofZhenyuanofTangDezong(793),thefifteen-year-oldYuanZhenchosetoapplyfortherelativelyeasyMingJingkeinordertogetridofpovertyassoonaspossible,andparticipatedinthe"BookofRites,The"Shangshu"examisbasedonthetwoclassics.

První vstoupil do Huanhai

IntheninthyearofZhenyuan(793years)andthebeginningoftheyear,YuanZhenhadbeenwithoutofficialsandlivedidleinthecapital.Buthedidnotstopstudyinghard.Thefamilycollectionofbooksprovidedhimwiththeconditionsforreadingawiderangeofbooks,andtheculturalenvironmentofthecapitalandhisextensiveinterestscultivatedhisculturalaccomplishment.

V desátém roce Zhenyuan (794), ChenZiangových „Třicet osm básní pocitů“ a stovky básní od DuFu byly pečlivě přečteny, než napsal mnoho básní.

InthefifteenthyearofZhenyuan(799),the21-year-oldYuanZhenlivedinPuzhouandstartedhiscareerinHezhongMansion.Atthistime,justasthegarrisonwasrioting,Puzhouwasrestless.YuanZhenusesthepoweroffriendstoprotecthisdistantrelativesindistress.Afterthechaos,shefellinlovewithhergirl.

Vysoká brána manželských voleb

V zimě osmnáctého roku Zhenyuana (802) se čtyřiadvacetiletý Yuan Zhen zúčastnil slavnostního ceremoniálu podruhé.

InthenineteenthyearofZhenyuan(803),YuanZhenZhongshujudgedthefourthclassofDiocesan,andwasmergedintothesecretaryoftheprovincialschool.BaiJuyi,whoiseightyearsolderthanhim,alsojudgedDiocesuswiththepublicationofthebook,andthetwohavebecomefriendsforlifeanddeath.

YuanZhenwasbornasasmallandmediumlandlord,andhisfamilyisnothigh.Onlyafterenteringofficialdomcanhehavethecapitaltogetmarried.HemarriedWeiCong,thedaughterofWeiXiaqing,shortlyafterhetookofficeastheschoolscholar.AccordingtoHanYu's"MonitoringYushiYuanjun'sManželkaJingzhaoWei'sEpitaph":"Theelectionoftheson-in-lawgotthecurrentYushiHenanYuanzhen.Zhenshibegantochoosetheschoolsecretarytotheprovince."

ZhengyuanXIXInOctoberoftheyear(803),hisfather-in-lawWeiXiaqinggrantedtheeasterncapitalofLuoyangtostaybehindandwenttotheeasterncapitalofLuoyangtotakeoffice.BecauseWeiCongwasWeiXiaqing’sdaughterandcouldnotaffordtoleave,YuanZhenandWeiCongaccompaniedWeiXiaqingandhiswifetoLuoyang,whereYuanZhenandhiswifelived.Wei'shouseinLuxinfang,Luoyang,theeasterncapital.YuanZhenonlyreturnedtothecapitalthefollowingyear,whileWeiConglivedinLuoyangforalongtimeaccordingtoYuanZhen'spoems.Duringthisperiod,YuanZhentraveledbackandforthbetweenBeijingandLuoyangmanytimesduetofamilyaffairs.

Povýšení na Jiangling

InAprilofthefirstyearofYuanheYuanheofTangXianzong(806),YuanZhenandBaiJuyijoinedthedepartmentof"TalentandKnowledgeandMaomingforPhysicalUse",YuanBaitongandthefirst,Thereareeighteenpeopleintheranking,YuanZhenisthefirst,andheisawardedtheZuoSupplements.Thepositionistheeighthrank.AssoonasYuanZhenarrivedathispost,heimmediatelyscribbledthelist,firstdiscussingthe"education"(emphasisonthechoiceoftheprincetoprotectthefu),thenthe"remonstrance"(thedutyoftheadmonishmentofficial),and"movingthetemple"(removingtheemperorandthegodofthenewcollapse).SacrificetotheTaimiao),hasbeendiscussingsuchgreataffairsasthenorthwestfrontieraffairs,andatthesametime,heclearlysupportedPeiDu(thenthesupervisorofYuShi)'sattackonKwonYukioftheDPRK,whichattractedtheattentionofXianzongandwasquicklysummoned.

YuanZhenwasdiligentinhisdutiesandshouldhavebeenencouraged,butbecauseofhersharpedgeandoffendingthenobles,itcauseddissatisfactionwiththeministers.InSeptemberofthefirstyearofYuanhe,hewasdemotedtoHenancountylieutenant.BaiJuyidismissedtheschoolclerkandbecameacountylieutenant.Atthistime,whenhismotherpassedaway,YuanZhenwasdeeplysaddenedandkeptfilialpietyathomeforthreeyears.

InthefourthyearofYuanhe(809),the31-year-oldYuanZhenwaspromotedtothesupervisoryofficialposition.Inthespringofthesameyear,hewasorderedtogotoJiannanDongchuanasadetailedenvoy.Whenhefirstenteredofficialdom,heboldlyplayedagainstjudgesandvindicatedmanyunjustcases.ThisactionviolatedtheinterestsoftheoldbureaucraticclassinNorthKoreaandthecentralgovernmentandthefeudalclique.SoontheyfoundanopportunitytosendYuanZhenouttoDongtai.DongtaiistheYushitaiofLuoyang,theeasterncapital,andtheintentionistosqueezehimoutofuse.Evenundersuchsuppression,YuanZhenstilladherestotheprincipleofbeinganofficialandenforcesthelawimpartially.Inthesameyear,whenhiscareerwasfrustrated,hiswiseandintelligentwife,WeiCong,passedaway.ThedeathofWeiCongdealtagreatblowtoYuanZhen,andhewrotethefamouspoem"ThreeSorrowsandSorrows".

InthefifthyearofYuanhe(810),YuanZhenwasrecalledandfinedforplayingHenanYinfangstyle(afterFangXuanling,thefoundingminister)forillegalactivities.PassingbyHuazhouFushuiPost,theystayedintheupperhalloftheposthouse.IthappenedthattheeunuchQiuShiliang,LiuShiyuanandotherswerehere,andtheyalsowantedtoliveintheupperhall.YuanZhenfoughthard,butwasscoldedbyQiuShiliang,andLiuShiyuanwasevenmoreupset.YuanZhenwasbeatenwithahorsewhip,andhewasbeatenwithblood,andhewasfinallydrivenoutoftheupperroom.LaterTangXianzongdemotedYuanZhentojointhearmyasaJianglingmansiononthegroundsthat"YuanZhenwaslightandprestigiousandunconstitutionalminister."Sincethen,hehasbeenrelegatedtoDunzhouCountyformorethantenyears.

Druhá demolice Tongzhou

YuanZhenwasexiledfornearlytenyearsbecauseofhisoutstandingtalentandboldpersonality,whichwasnotacceptedbythecourt.InthefirstmonthofthetenthyearofYuanhe(815),the37-year-oldYuanZhenwasoncesentbacktotheimperialcourt,thinkingthatitishopefulthatitwillbeused.PassingbytheLanqiaoyiStation,IoncewrotepoemsandleftthemasgiftstofriendslikeLiuYuxiandLiuZongyuanwithsimilarfate.AfterarrivinginBeijing,hesangharmonywithBaiJuyi'spoemsandwine,fullofspirits.YuanZhencollectedtheworksofpoetryfriendsandplannedtocompileitas"AnthologyofYuanbai'sReturntoPoems",butthemanuscriptwasnotcompleted,buthewassuddenlyexiledfromYuanzhouwithLiuYuxiandLiuZongyuan.InMarch,YuanZhen"ridestoTongzhouonahorse"andassumesthepostofTongzhouSima.LivinginTongzhou,where"cryingbirdsarerareindaytime,butstunnedandscreamingatnight,tigerswalkalot"("FourPoemsforRewardingtheHeavensandWeaknessestoKnowtheCausesofTongzhou"),hewas"dyingandsick",sufferingfrommalariaandalmostdying.OncewenttoXingyuanMansiononShannanWestRoadformedicaltreatment.Inthedownfallandhardship,poetscanonlyexpresstheirfeelingsinpoemsandcomforteachotherwithfriendship.InTongzhou,hecompletedhismostinfluentialYuefupoem"LianchanggongCi"andmorethan180workswithBaiJuyitosingwithhim.

Tři degradace do stejné prefektury

WiththeamnestyafterPingHuaixiandYuanZhen’sacquaintanceswithCuiQun,LiYijian,andPeiDu,theygraduallychangedYuanZhen’spolitics.Along-termdepressedsituation.InthethirteenthyearofYuanhe(818),YuanZhenhadactedasthegovernorofTongzhou.Attheendoftheyear,hewastransferredtothegovernorofGuo.

InthewinterofthefourteenthyearofYuanhe(819),TangXianzongsummonedYuanZhentoreturntoBeijingandservedasamemberofthediningdepartment.PrimeMinisterLinghuChudeeplyadmiredhispoems,"thinkingthattheBao,XieYeofthisgeneration".

InthefifteenthyearofYuanhe(820years),afterEmperorMuzongoftheTangDynastycametothethrone,duetotherecommendationoftheprimeministerDuanWenchang,YuanZhenwasawardedthescholaroftheancestralministryandtheknowledgesystem.TangMuzonglovedYuanZhen'spoemswhenhewastheprince,andhewasespeciallyvaluedatthistime.Afewmonthslater,YuanZhenwaspromotedtobeascholarofZhongshuShe,abachelorofHanlinChengzhi,andLiDeyuandLiShenwhohadalreadybeenintheHanlinAcademywerebothknownfortheirknowledgeandtalents.").Atthesametimeofrapidpromotion,YuanZhenfellintoavortexofsharpandcomplicatedpoliticalstruggles,andthegrievanceswithLiZongminbrokeout,sowingtheseedsofpartydisputes.Soon,PeiDuimpeachedYuanZhentomakefriendswithWeiHongjian,andYuanZhenwasdismissedasabachelorandministeroftheMinistryofGovernmentandIndustry.

InthespringofYuanhesixteenthyear(821),YuanZhenandPeiDuweretworelatives.YuanZhentookthestagewiththesupportofMuZong.InthestrugglebetweentheTangDynastyandthelocalwarlords,heactivelyquelledtheriotsandplannedtousecountermeasurestoquelltherebellion.ButLiFengji,whocovetedthepositionofprimeminister,colludedwiththeeunuchandsentpeopletoconspiracytofalselyaccuseYuanZhenofplottingtoassassinatePeiDu.Althoughthetruthwasfoundoutlater,YuanandPeiweredismissedatthesametime.YuanZhenwasbornastheprovincialgovernorofTongzhou.

InthethirdyearofChangqing(823years),YuanZhenwastransferredtoZhedongObservatory,JianyuePrefectureGovernor.

InthefirstyearofTangJingzongBaoli(825),YuanZhenorderedthesevenprefecturestobuildapondtobuildwaterconservancyanddevelopagriculture.DuringhissixyearsasanobservantineasternZhejiang,YuanZhenestablishedwaterconservancyprojectsanddevelopedagriculture.

Fourdemotionto Wuchang

InSeptemberofthethirdyearofEmperorWenzongofTangDynasty(829),YuanZhenenteredthedynastyasShangShuZuoCheng.Inanimportantposition,withtheconditionsforprosandcons,heregainedhisvigorasanadmonisher,determinedtorectifygovernmentofficials,cleanuptheadministrationofofficials,anddemotedoutofBeijingsevenoftheofficialswhohadbeencriticizedbypublicopinion.However,becauseofYuanZhen'sunethicalbehavior,peoplearenotconvinced.WhentheprimeministerWangBosuddenlypassedaway,LiZongminwasinpoweragain,andYuanZhenwassqueezedoutagain.

InthefirstmonthofthefourthyearofYamato(830),YuanZhenwasforcedtoserveastheofficialdocumentofthehouseholddepartmentoftheinspectionschool,aswellasthegovernorofEzhou,thedoctorofYushi,andthemilitaryambassadorofWuchang.

V pěti letech Yamato (831) padl 22. července ao den později zemřel na městském úřadu ve věku 53 let. Po jeho smrti byl oceněn ShangshuYoubushe a BaiJuyi pro něj napsal pitaph.

Hlavní vlivy

Literatura

Poezie

YuanZhenisinpoetry,novels,prose,literarycriticismThereareoutstandingachievementsinsuchaspects,andthemostoutstandingachievementsinpoetry.HeandBaiJuyiinitiatedthepoetrymovement-NewYuefuPoezie,whichwaspioneeredbyYuanZhenandBaiJuyiparticipatedinthecompleteandspreadthousandsofyearsofpoetry-YuanheStyle(intheYuanheperiodofTangXianzong,YuanZhenandBaiJuyiwroteandpaidattentiontoThepoetrylanguageiseasy,simpleandpopular,andthelong-formrhythm)notonly"thepoetrychangestotheYuanhestyle",butalsothepeopleoftheworld"toimitateeachotherandcomposenewwords."

TheYuanhepoetrycirclewhereYuanZhenislocatedisanimportantturningpointinthehistoryofthedevelopmentofChinesepoetry.Asoneoftheimportantpoetswithirreplaceablesignificanceinthisnewchange,YuanZhenoccupiesaprominentplaceinthehistoryofChinesepoetry.

YuanZhen'spoeticpropositionsandtheoreticalcriticismaremoreconcentratedlyreflectedinthe"PrefacetoYuefuAncientTituls","ThePrefacetotheTwelveSyngsoftheNewTitulYuefufromtheBookofLiXiaoshu","SynopsistoLeTianshu",and"Shangling""Xianggong'sPoems","DuJun'sEpitaph","ThePrefaceofBaiFamily'sChangqingCollection"andotherworks.In"ThePrefacetotheAncientTitulsofYuefu",YuanZhentiaodescribedthepositivechangesinthehistoryofpoetry,opposed"followingancientthemes,singingandrepetition ",advocating"meaningancientthemes,piercingthebeautyandseeingthings",andadmiringDuFu's"SorrowfulChenTao".Thepoemssuchas"TheHeadoftheRiver","TheChariot",and"Beauty"praisedDuFu'snewstyleofYuefucreation.Theeight-character"Famouschaptersonthematter,noresurrectionbytheside"perfectlysummarizesthecharacteristicsofthenewinscriptionYuefu,andalsoaffirmsthe"meaningancientthemes,piercingthebeautyandseeingthings".In" Dvanáct básní NewYuefu v Knize HeLiXiaoshu, potvrdilo, že LiShenův „Nový titul Yuefu“ je „takzvaný elegantní, hodný napsání“.

YuefupoemsoccupiesanimportantpositioninYuanpoems.His"ThePrefacetotheTwelveYuefuPoemswiththeNewTituloftheBookofLiXiaoshu""Taketheonewhoisparticularlyurgent",inspiredthecreationofthenewYuefu.Andhasacertainpracticalsignificance.Thedisadvantageisthatthethemeisnotfocusedenoughandtheimageisnotclearenough.WithLiuMengandLiYu's"AncientYuefuPoems",the19ancientinscribedYuefuPoemscanuseancientinscriptionstocreatenewmeaningsofwords,withprofoundthemes,concentrateddescriptions,andpowerfulexpressions.Thelongnarrativepoem"LianchangPalaceCi"isalsoclassifiedasYuefuintheYuanCollection,withanallegory.

YuanZhenadmiresDupoemsverymuch,andherpoeticscanbetransformedintoDu,andsheisbeautifulinplainandclear,withstrongcolors,narrativetwistsandturns,andthedetailsaretrulymoving.ThemostcharacteristicofYuanpoemsareeroticpoemsandmourningpoems.Heisgoodatwritinglovebetweenmenandwomen,andhisdescriptionsaredetailedandvivid,unlikegeneraldescriptionsoferoticpoems.ThemourningpoemwaswrittentocommemoratehiswifeWeiCong.

Intermsoftheformofpoetry,YuanZhenisthefounderof"SecondRhymeandCompensation"."ChouHanlinBaiXueshi"OneHundredRhymesofDaishu""and"ChouLetian""OneHundredRhymesofSoutheastXingshi"",inturn,reusetheoriginalrhymesofBaipoems,withthesamerhymesbutdifferentmeanings.Thispracticeof"compensatingforthesecondrhyme"hadagreatinfluenceatthetime,anditwasalsopronetofraud.YuanZhenhascompiledavarietyofcollectionsofpoems,essays,andcollectionswithfriends.Hisoriginalcollection"ChangqingCollectionofYuanDynasty"containsatotalof100volumesincludingpoems,edicts,inscriptionsandcomments.

YuanZhen'spoems"Chryzantéma","Pět básní Lisi"(fourth)and"ThreePoemsofSorrowandSorrow"(two)arewidelyspread,especially"Pět básní Lisi"(Fourth)Thispoemisextremelyfamous.Thispoemiswrittenforalongtime,andIdon'twanttothinkaboutitforalongtime,becauseIhavemetmyloverbeforeandsincethenIhavedismissedotherwomen("Takealazyreviewoftheflowers").ExceptWushanisnotacloud."Thelanguageisillusoryandbeautiful,andtheartisticconceptionishazy "Tři písně Smutku a Smutku" vyjadřují nevyčerpatelnou touhu po mrtvé manželce a je tak smutné, že to nemůže pomoci slzám sympatií. Závěrečná věta druhé básně "Omlouvám se za chudáky a málomanželské páry" je ve světě dobře známá.

YuanZhen'sachievementsinthelanguageartofpoetryaresimplelanguage.DifferentfromtheHanandMengpoetryschool,whichadvocatesodddangers,YuanZhenisgoodatusingsimpleandeasylanguagetoexpresshisexpressionsaccuratelyandexpressly.ShallownessisthebiggestcharacteristicofYuanbaiPoezieSchool,anditisalsoanimportantreasonforitspopularityamongreaders.Inpoetry,commonwordsandoddwordsareapairofcontradictionsworthyofattention.Fromasuperficialsense,itseemsthatitismucheasiertoenterpoetrywithordinaryexpressionsthantofightdangers,butifyoulookatitfromahigheraestheticlevel,youcanusesimplelanguagetoaccuratelyandaccuratelydescribeallthingsinnatureandthepoet'sownmentality.,It'sastateofartthatismoredifficulttoachieve.TheidiomsusedinYuanpoetryaremoreobviousintheYuefupoemsofMingXiaochang,andtheyarealsoprominentinthelyricpoemsaboutscenery.Thepoethasastrongandardentinterestinnature,andeverythinginnaturestronglyinspiresthepoet'spoeticthoughts,andhequicklycapturesthepoeticthoughtsinatimelymanner.YuanZhenisdifferentfromthepoetXieLingyunoftheLiuSyngDynasty.Heemphasizessimilarityratherthanappearance,andconveysthesceneryandphysicalstateinsimplelanguage,suchas"RedPeony".ThecharacteristicsoflinguisticsimilaritynotonlyappearinYuanZhen'schantingpoems,butalsoinhismourningpoems,suchas"ThreePoemsofSorrowandSorrow".YuanZhen'sidiomsarenotrashly,onthecontrary,hepaysgreatattentiontotheprecisionofthechoiceofwords.HeChangfromtheQingDynastysawthisalongtimeago.Hesaid,"ThepoetryreachesYuanBai,andithaschangedalot.Althoughthetwopeoplesaidthattheyarebothdifferent,BaiisnotasgoodasYuaninchoosinglanguage;"White."YuanZhenhasbecomeacommonpractice,notonlyworkinghardbutnotshowingtracesofaxe,suchas"LiWaXing".YuanZhen,whilepursuingsimilarlanguage,alsoregardsdeepthinkingasthegoalofhispoetrycreation.Insomelyricpoems,YuanZhenachievedtheorganicunityofclosenessanddeepthinking,suchas"DreamWell".

YuanZhenandBaiJuyiareequallyfamous,boththeleaderofthe"NewYuefuMovement"andtheinitiatorofthe"YuanheStyle".Theyarecalled"Yuanbai"intheworld.TheyarelikeShuangfenginthehistoryofTangpoetry.ThepoetsofTangdynastysaythatthereareLiandDuinthefront,YuanandBaiintheback,andthefrontandbackareglorious,becomingamonumentalmonumentinthehistoryofChinesepoetry.YuanBaicanberegardedasthestandardbearerofYuanandChangqingpoetrycircles,notonlyhasextensiveinfluenceonhiscreation,butalsoadvocatestheoretically.HeChangsaidthatYuanBai'spoems"haveadeepunderstandingofthesixarts"(Volume3of"ZaiJiuYuanPoezie").

Starověká próza

YuanZhenistheinitiatorandleaderofthe"Starověká prózaMovement"intheMid-TangDynasty,andhasalsomadesomeachievementsinprose.IntheprosehandeddownbyYuanZhen,thenumberofessaysisthelargest,accountingformorethanhalf,andtheachievementisalsothehighest.Theargumentispure,detailedandclear,andthewordingiselegantandtameisthegeneralstyleofYuanZhen'sessays.Ithaschangedtheoldfaceoftheprevioussystem,whichwaspiledupwithallusions,fourorsixsetsofwords,andthehead,shoulders,abdomen,waistandtail.Itislikeaspringbreeze.Blowtheearth.Thebiographyof"BookofTang"contains:"Thewordsandnarrativescomeout,buttheyarethesameastheancients,andtheyhavebeenpasseddownthroughthegenerations."Thiskindofheroicnewimperialdecreeisunanimouslywelcomedbytherulingandtheopposition.Becauseitreshapedtheimageoftheemperorandthesupremeleadershiporganization,itmadeEmperorMuZong,whowasnotwise,tohaveabigpicture,knowpeopleandberesponsible,reasonable,andwithoutlosingasenseofhumor.Atthesametime,italsoappearsthatthegovernmentissmooth,andthestatemachineryisfunctioningnormally.efficient.Intheeventfulautumnofthecountry,itisprecioustohavesucharayoflighttowarmpeople'shearts.TangMuzonghappilysaid:YuanZhen'sreformedimperialsystem"makesthelanguageofmywritingsthesamestyleasthethreegenerations."Heusedancientprosetomakehisexhortations,andhiswordswerebeautifulandhewasimitated.

Inthepracticeofcreation,YuanZhenisgoodatbothpoetryandprose."TheCollectionofYuanZhen"hasmorethan30volumes,whichshouldbepreparedforallstyles,andthereareexcellentmasterpiecesfromtimetotime.

Legendaa

YuanZhen’slegendary"TheStoryofYingying"(alsoknownas"HuizhenJi")narratesthetragiclovestoryofZhangShengandCuiYingying,Withbeautifulwritingandmeticulousdepiction,itisafamouspieceinthelegendoftheTangDynasty.ChenYinke's"YuanbaiPoemsandEvidence"ChapterIV"EroticPoemsandPoemsofMourningDeath"attachedto"TheŽivotopis Yingying"pointedout:"TheŽivotopis Yingyingisaself-narrativeworkofmicro,sotheso-calledZhangShengismicroThepseudonymofWangShifuisbeyonddoubt."Laterdramatistscreatedmanyoperaswiththeirstorycharacters,suchasDongJieyuan's"WestChamber"and"WestChamber"byWangShifuofYuanDynasty.

Politika

Rektifikační zákony

WonZhenmadealotofrectificationlawswhenhewasthecourt’ssupervisoryofficial.Theresults.InthefourthyearofYuanhe(809),theimperialcourtsenthimtoserveasthedetailedenvoyofJiannanDongchuan(equivalenttotoday’seasternSichuan,Chongqing,andsouthernShaanxi)toinvestigatethecorruptioncaseofRenJingzhong,asmallofficialinLuzhou.Bytheway,hewasinvestigatedandinterviewed.Seeifthereareotherillegalincidents.YuanZhenarrivedinLuzhouandbegantoinvestigate,andfoundthatthecaseofRenJingzhonginvolvedthecorruptionandbriberycaseofLuzhougovernorLiuWenyi.LiuWenyi'scorruptionandbriberywereinextricablyrelatedtotheformerJiannanDongchuanJiedushiYanLi.Withthedeepeningoftheinvestigation,YuanZhendiscoveredthatYanLiwasguiltyofacceptingbribes,framinggoodpeople,confiscationofpeople’spropertywithoutauthorization,andunauthorizedcollectionoftaxesforhisownuse.YuanZhenplayedthesewritingstothecourt,rehabilitatingmanyunjust,falseandwrongcases,andwonwidespreadwelcomeandhighpraisefromthepublic.BaiJuyievenwroteapoemtogivehim"Hisheartislikealungstone,andhisactionswillreachthepoor.The80familiesinDongchuanwillexpresstheirgrievances."

YuanZhencompletedhismissionandreturnedtotheimperialcourt,andcontinuedtoperformhisdutiesasacenserwithpassion.Withinafewmonths,heinvestigatedandreportedmorethantenillegalcasesandimpeachedhim.ThestaffincludedseniorofficialsandrelativessuchastheJieduEnvoyofWestZhejiang,YinofHenan,andKingWuNing.

Later,YuanZhenservedasShangShuZuoChengandbecameaLangofficial.Hefoughtagainstthesevencourtierswhoviolatedthelawanddiscipline,andmaderemarkableachievementsinrectifyingthelawandpurgingthegovernmentofofficials.

Místní politické úspěchy

YuanZhenalsomaderemarkablepoliticalachievementswhenhewasalocalofficial.YuanZhenwasinTongzhou,whereheservedasSimaforthefirstthreeyearsandthenasactinggovernorforsevenmonths.Herectifiedtheadministrationofofficialsandintroducedpolicies,"rewardandpunishmentmustbeimposed,thecitywillnotbedeceived,andtheofficialswillnotinvade."Heguidedthepeopletoweedandopenupwasteland,andsetouttochangetheoutlookofTongzhou;healsobuiltaYuntingpavilioninCuipingMountaininthesouthtoliveinfarminganddirectagriculturalproduction;atthesametime,hepersonallydraftedthreearticlestoobservetheweatherinHuayang,andhopethattheweatherwillbesmoothandthenextyear'sharvestwillbegood.,People'swell-being.BecauseYuanZhenlovesthepeopleandhasalotofpoliticalachievements,thetalentsofTongzhoureluctantlylethimgo,climbedhighandwatchedtheworld,leavingbehindthefolkcustomof"YuanJiuClimbingFestival".

WhenYuanZhenwasinWuchang,hecaredaboutbuildingwaterconservancytodevelopagriculture,andeventherichandthepoorinordertosettaxesandotherthingstoimprovethelivesofthepeople.DuringthegreatfloodinYuezhou,YuanZheninspectedtherealsituationinthejurisdiction,playedthecourt,openedawarehouseandsentofficialstoproviderelieftothepeople,andrescuedthepeople.Later,heaskedthecourttodonateandexemptthelocalautumnrenttosolvethepeople'sdifficultiesinlife.

Historická evaluace

"OldTangBook·BaiJuyiBiography":"Systém Yuanu, diskuse o Baiově památníku, esej o hrnci, kořeny chaosu."

"OldTangBook·TheBiographyofYuanZhen":ZhenCongisa než stojící policista,talentovanýjakomladýma přátelskýkTaiyuanBaiJuyi.Dílo je báseň a styl zpívání v dobrém stavu se našel.V té době se básníci nazývají "YuanBai"YuanBai"YuanBai"Yanbei"Yanheif."

BaiJuyi"HenanYuangongEpitaph":(Zhen)Yougong'spoems,intheHanlinperiod,MuZongaskedhundredsofpoemsbeforeandafter,andchantedinthepalace.BoththeSixPalacesandbothofthemarefromalldirectionstotheNanbanDongyiKingdom,bothofwhicharewrittenandhandeddown.Eachchaptercomesoutwithasentence,walkingwithoutshin,jewelsandjade.

GuTao's"PrefacetoTangPoezieSelection":RuoYuanXiangGuozhenandBaiShangshuJuyi,whowerewell-knownforatime,werecalled"YuanBai"bytheworld,andscholarJiran,titled"YuanhePoezie".

ZhangWei "Básníkův hostující obrázek": Obrovské množství mistrů osvícení: BaiJuyi....Tři lidé v místnosti: ZhangHu, YangShi'e, YuanZhen.

HuangTao "Odpovědi na básně a knihy Chena Yunyina": Před dynastií Tang tu byli Liand Du, po nichž následovali Yuan a Bai.

WeiChu's"CaiTiaoJiPreface":IreadLi,DuJi,YuanandBaipoemsduringmyfreetime.

DuMu's"TheEpitaphofLiFujun,anInspectorofLuJunJieduinTangDynasty":AdescriptionofLiKan'swords:SinceYuanandself,thereareYuanandBaipoets,slenderandelegant,notelegant,Manyaredestroyedbyit.Familiarwiththepeople,neglectedonthewall,sons,fathersanddaughters,Jiakouprofessors,obscenewords,coldinwinterandhotinsummer,intothemusclesandbonesofhumans,andcannotberemoved.Ihavenopositionandcannotberuledbylaw.

SuShi's"SacrificetoLiuziYuwen":YuanQingbaiVulgar.

XieMai's"TheRemainsofShuYuanzhen":Atthesametime,ZhenandBaiJuyiarebothfamousintheworldbypoems.Therearesomanyslenderanduntruthfulwords,anditsshortcomingsareclear.

ZhangJie's"SuihantangPoems":Yuan,Nei,andZhangJi'spoemsareallfromTaoandRuanZhong.Theyarededicatedtotheworkofwinningpeople'sheartsbyTao.Theyshouldnotbeinferior.Butthewordshurttooannoying,andthemeaninghurtstoomuch,anditbecomesaverbosesoap.ComparedwiththewordsofWuRongandHanKaihaiyou,thenameisGebei,butthereisadifference.Ifyouconstraintherhetoricandaddlesssubtlety,itsmeaningwillbebeyondreach!

AoTaosun's"ZinWengPoezieCommentary":YuanWeizhi,likeLiGuinian,saidaboutTianbao'slegacy,hisappearancewashaggardandhisspiritwasnothurt.

CaiZhengsun's"ShiLinGuangJi":GaoXiuShiyun:YuanWei'spoemsaregorgeousandbone-inspired.

LiuKezhuang"HouCunPoezieTalk":YuanandBaiarebothgreatpoetsoftheTangDynasty.TheancientwritersofYuGuanmustusedifficultandprofoundwritings,andmustbesharpandnew.

YanYu's"CanglangPoezie":"Harmonyrhymeisthemostharmfulpoem,andtheancientsdonotsingasecondrhyme.ThiswindbegantoprevailintheYuanBaipilu,andthesagesofthisdynastyusedthistofightforwork.Thenthereareeightorninepeacemakers."

YuanHaowen’s"ThirtyPoemsonPoems":Parallelismissoextravagant,andthebarriersaresosmall.ShaolinghasitsownLianchengbi,contendingfortheknowledgeofthemicrocosm.

XinWenfangův "Životopis talentovaného učence dynastie Tang": Varianty Zhenových básniček. Nicméně, ačkoliv je to celé, Yuefu se specializuje na policejní politiku.

QianLiangze's"TangYinShenTi"Volume One and Five:"Společně důležité, YuanBaiJueSing,Yuefus první řádek;dlouhá rýmová poezie,druhá;sedm slovačtyři rýmyapotomdruhé."

YeXie's"OriginalPoezie":YuanZhen'swritingisbetterthanwhite,anditisnotasgoodastheinnerclawandtolerateleisure.Thewhitevulgarityandelegancearealsoinit,whichisfarfromcommonplace.Twopeoplearefamousatthesametime.

WangRuoxu's"HunanPoezieTalk":"Emotionsleadtotheendofthesong,anditenterstheliverandspleen."

ChenYinque's"YuanbaiPoemsandNotes":"Themicroiswithoutstandingtalents,Itexpressesthesadandjoyfulfeelingsoflifeanddeathbetweenmenandwomen,anditssorrowandlingeringsorrowisnotonlyrareinTangpoetry,butalsoaffectslaterwritersespecially."

TheninthchapterofLuXun's"ABriefHistoryofChineseNovels"."LegendaaoftheTangDynasty":"Thepeopleof"TheStoryofYingying"refertothestoriesofXuCuiandZhang.YuanZhenusesZhangShengtolivebyhimself,tellinghimtherealmheexperienced."

Anekdotické narážky

YuanZhenandBaiJuyi

BaiJuyiandYuanZhenwerefamouspoetsintheTangDynasty.Theirpoetrytheoryandviewpointsaresimilar.TheyjointlyadvocatedthenewYuefuandformedanirresistibleacquaintance,andtheworldcalledthemtogether.Itis"YuanBai".Thetwooftensangandsangtogether.Evenifthetwowereindifferentplaces,theyoftenexchangedlettersandinventedthe"post-boxpoem".Once,YuanZhenwenttoDongchuanasanenvoy,BaiJuyiandhisfriendLiJianvisitedCi'enTempletogether,andmissedYuanZhenduringthedinner,sohewrote"ThroughLiElevenDrunkRecallingYuanJiu":"Thesamedrunkintheflowertimebreaksthesorrowofthespring,andthedrunkbreakstheflowerbranch.Makewinechips.IremembermyoldfriendTiantianandgotoLiangzhouonthesameday."YuanZhen,whowasinLiangzhouatthistime,alsomissedBaiJuyi.Onthesamenight,hewroteasong"DreamofLiangzhou":"MengJunAtthesametimearoundQujiangtou,IalsotraveledtoCi'enyuancourtyard.Thepavilioncalledforpeopletolineup,andwassuddenlyshockedinGuliangPrefecture."

Later,bothofthemweredemotedoneafteranotherandwereplacedinotherplaces.official.YuanZhenrelegatedtoJingMan.Immediately,BaiJuyiwasalsodemotedtoJiangzhouSima,andYuanZhenmovedtoZhouSima.AlthoughTongzhouandJiangzhouarefarawayfromeachother,thetwoofthemexchangedanswersandplannedtowritepoems,rangingfromthirtyrhymes,fiftyrhymestohundredrhymes.ThepeopleinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver,thepost-houses,thesatiricalchanting,hasbeenspreadtothepalace,andthepeopleinthealleysrecitedeachother,whichmadethepaperexpensiveinthecity.Fromthepoem,wecanseethathisstateofexileandexileisallmiserable.

Theyoftencontacteachothertoencourageandcomforteachother.AsBaiJuyisaid,thetwohavebeen"friendsofliteraryfriendsandpoetry"withextremelydeepfriendshipthroughouttheirlives.BaiJuyiwroteinapoem:"Themonarchwritesmypoemsonthewallofthetemple,andIwriteasentenceonthemonarch,andthescreenisfullofwords;Iknowwheretomeetwiththemonarch,andthetwoleavesofduckweedareinthesea."Healsosaidthatthefriendshipbetweenthemis"Oneisthesameheartfriend,andthethirdishappy.Youcangoonapommelhorseandhaveadrinkinthesnow.Hengmenmeeteachother,withoutacrown.Thespringbreezesleepshigh,andtheautumnmoonnightlooksdeep..Notforthesameadmission,notforthesameofficer.Allinasquareinch,thereisnoheresyintheheart."AndYuanZhen'sconcernforBaiJuyihascondensedintoaneternalmasterpiece"WenLetianGiveJiangzhouSima".

YuanZhenandCuiYingying

YuanZhenova původní manželka je WeiCong. Než se oženil s Websterem, měl poměr se ženou a tato žena byla CuiYingying. Pokud jde o CuiYingying, YuanZhenův „The Storyof Yingying“ (také známý jako „The Storyof Yingying“ a „Storyof Huizhen“) je více než modrý.

InthefifteenthyearofTangZhenyuan(799),YuanZhentookofficeinPuzhou(nowYongjiCity,Shanxi),andhermaternaldistantrelative,Cui,agirlnamed"Shuangwen"(laterthelegendarynovel"YingCuiYingyinginTheStoryofYingying)isinlove.CuiYingyingisbothtalentedandhandsome,andthefamilyiswealthy,butafterall,hehasnopower.ThisisalongwayfromYuanZhen'sidealmarriage.AccordingtothesystemofrecruitingscholarsintheTangDynasty,scholarsandseniorsstillneedtopasstheofficialexaminationbeforetheycanbeformallyappointedtoofficialpositions,soYuanZhenwenttoBeijingtotaketheexaminationinthe16thyearofZhenyuan(800).EversinceYuanZhenwenttoBeijingtotaketheexam,shewasappreciatedbythenewJingZhaoYinWeiXiaqingforheroutstandingliterarytalents,andsheacquaintedwithWeiMen’schildren,andlearnedthatWeiXiaqing’sdaughterWeiConghadnotyetbeenmarried,sosherealizedthatthiswasawayout.,AnexcellentopportunityforPanGaozhi.InthenineteenthyearofZhenyuan(803),YuanZhenandBaiJuyipublishedthesamebookandjudgedtheDepartmentofDiscipline,andenteredthesecretaryprovinceastheschoolsecretary.YuanZhen,whowaseagerforanofficial,consideredthatalthoughCuiYingyingwasbothtalentedandhandsome,itdidnothelphimtomakeprogressinhiscareer,soheweighedthegainsandlosses,andfinallyabandonedYingyingandmarriedWeiCong.

Perhapsitwascondemnedbyconscience,maybeitwastheunforgettablememoryofherfirstlove,CuiYingying,somanyyearslater,YuanZhencreatedthelegendarynovel"TheŽivotopis Yingying"basedonhisfirstlove.ZhangShengin"TheStoryofYingying"isactuallyYuanZhen'sstorywithCuiYingying,andZhangShengisYuanZhen'slife.

YuanZhenandWeiCong

YuanZhenandhiswifeWeiCong’shalf-destinyrelationshipisdeeplylovedbypeople.YuanZhenonceleftbehind"theseawasdifficultforwater,butWushanisnotacloud"ThiswonderfullinethathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheageswasmadebyYuanZhenmourninghisdeceasedwifeWei.

IntheeighteenthyearofZhenyuanofTangDezong(802),theyoungestdaughterofthePrinceShaobaoWeiXiaqing,WeiCongxia,whowas20yearsold,marriedthe24-year-oldpoetYuanZhen.Thismarriagehadabigpoliticalelement.YuanZhen,whowas24yearsoldatthetime,failedintheimperialexamination,butWeiXiaqingadmiredYuanZhen’stalentsandbelievedthathehadabrightfuture,sohebetrothedhisyoungestdaughtertohim,andYuanZhenborrowedit.Thismarriagegotachancetoclimbup,butafterthemarriage,thetwoofthemareveryaffectionateandhaveaverygoodrelationship.GivenWeiCong'sfamilybackground,marryingYuanZhentoYuanZhenatthattimewaslikeagoddessdescendingfromtheearth.Sheisnotonlyvirtuousanddignifiedandproficientinpoetry,butmoreimportantly,shewasbornrich,butnotrich,andshedoesnotadmirevanity.JudgingfromthefewpoemsfromthatperiodthatYuanZhenleftbehind,itwasthetimewhenhehadnoambitions.Inapoorlife,WeiCongcametothispoorhousefromarichfamily,buthehadnoregrets,anddidhisbesttocareforandconsiderherhusband.Hewasindifferenttothebarrennessoflife.YuanZhenoriginallythoughtthatthiswasjustawayofpoliticalpromotion,buthedidnotexpectWeiCongtobesuchagentlewomanandconsideratewife.Astheoldsayinggoes,itisuselessasascholar.Aftermarriage,YuanZhenwasbusywithscientificexaminations.WeiCongdidallthehouseworkathome.Beforemarriage,shewasthedaughterofabigfamily,thelittledaughterlovedbyherfather,andWeiCong’svirtuousShuliang.ItisconceivablethatYuanZhenwillstillbetemptedtothinkofWeiCong,hiswifeWeiCong,whospentthepooryearswithhim.

TangXianzongYuanhefouryears(809years),WeiCongdiedofillnessattheageof27.Atthistime,the31-year-oldYuanZhenhasbeenpromotedtothesupervisoryofficialposition,andahappylifeisabouttobegin,butthebelovedwifeisdrivingaway,andthepoetisextremelysad.AtthetimeofWeiCong’sburial,YuanZhenwasunabletogothereinpersonbecauseofherobsessivesupervisionovertheaffairsofYushiDivisionDongtai,soshewroteaceremonialessayinadvance,whichsheentrustedtoreadinfrontofWeiCongling.Butevenso,onthedayoftheburial,YuanZhenwasstillinlove,sohewrotethreemourningpoems"ThreeSendsofSadness"(ie"ThreeSyngsofSendingSadness").YuanZhenhasalwayshaddeepthoughtsandunforgettablesadnessforhiswife.WeiConghadsufferedwithhimforsevenyears,butlefthimwhenhewasabouttoflyintothesky.AllYuanZhencoulddowaspaytributetohisdeceasedwifeandwritedownhisthoughtsinapoem.WeiCongstayedintheheartsoffuturereadersforeverbecauseofseveralsetsofaffectionatepoems.

YuanZhenandXueTao

ThelovestoryofYuanZhenandthetalentedwomanXueTaooftheTangDynastyisoneofthemostfamouslovestoriesintheliteratureandartcirclesoftheMid-TangDynasty.XueTaowasafemalepoetintheTangDynasty,andher"XueTaoJian"hasbeenpasseddowntothisday.Sheisverytalented,notonlysmart,butalsopoliticallysavvy.

InMarchofthefourthyearofTangYuanhe(809years),atthattime,justlikethepoetYuanZheninthemidstofthesky,hewasorderedtogototheplaceofenvoyasasupervisoryofficial.HehaslongheardofthenameofXueTao,apoetinShu,soafterarrivinginShu,hespeciallyinvitedhertomeetinZizhou.UponmeetingYuanZhen,XueTaowasattractedbythehandsomeappearanceandoutstandingtalentsofthethirty-one-year-oldyoungpoet.Thetwotalkedaboutpoetryandpolitics,andtheirfriendshipgraduallydeepened.WiththesupportofXueTao,YuanZhenparticipatedintheruthlessDongchuanJieduYanzhi,thusoffendingtherichandpowerfulandtransferredtoLuoyangfromSichuan.Sincethen,thetwoofthemhaveseparatedfromeachother,andGuanShanisseparatedforever.Theseparationisinevitable,andXueTaoisveryhelpless.Tohercomfort,shesoonreceivedaletterfromYuanZhen,whichalsoentrustedherwithaffection.Atthistime,thereisonlyonepoemthatcanpinherlovesickness.XueTaobecameobsessedwithwritingpoemsonletterhead.Shelikestowritefour-characterquatrains,andsheoftenonlywriteseightsentencesinrhymedpoems,sosheoftenthinksthatthepaperusedtowritepoemsistoobig.Soshemodifiedthelocalpapermakingcraftsmanship,dyedthepaperpinkandcutitintodelicatenarrownotes,especiallysuitableforwritingloveletters,knownasXueTaojian.Thegiftedmanispassionateandcaressed,butXueTaostillmisseshimunforgettable.Shethoughtaboutit,fullofresentmentandlonging,convergedintothefamouspoem"ChunwangCi"thathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages.

YuanZhenwasthirty-oneatthetime,anditwasaman'sprosperousyears,andXueTaowaselevenyearsolderafterall,andthetwowereverydifferentinage.Inaddition,XueTaowasborninmusicandwasequivalenttoawomaninthedust,whohadonlyanegativeeffectonYuanZhen'sofficialcareerandhadnopositiveenergy.Forthese,XueTaocanalsounderstand,hedoesnotregretit,andheisverycalm.SoXueTaotookoffthereddressshelovedsomuchandputonagrayTaoistrobe,herlifewentfromfiercetoindifferent.

YuanZhenandLiuCaichun

LiuCaichunwasthesmashhitheroineinthe"MilitaryOpera"atthattime.AftermarryingZhouJichong,sheandtheZhoubrothersformeda"familydramaclass".".Forawhile,thisoperaclasscametoShaoxingtoperformfromHuaian,Jiangsu.Afterafewperformances,ShaoxingCityisalreadyempty.Atthattime,YuanZhenservedastheprovincialgovernorofYuezhou(nowShaoxing)andtheObservatoryofEastZhejiang,andwascatchingupwithLiuCaichun’sperformance.ThehighestofficialofShaoxingCity,YuanZhen,couldnotsitstill.AfterwatchingaperformancebyLiuCaichun,heimmediatelybecameLiuCaichun.Fansof,andwroteaneloquentcommentaryarticle,whichisverysupportive.Thisarticlehasbroughtthedistancebetweenthetwopeopleclose.Thisaffairwasrecordedinthebook"YunxiYouyi"byFanWeiintheTangDynasty:"ThereareHaiyouZhouJinan,JiChong,andhiswifeLiuCaichunfromHuaidian,whoaregoodatmakingLuCanjun,singingthroughtheclouds.It’snotasgoodas(Xue)Tao,andHuarongismorethanthat."YuanZhenalsomadenosecretofhisloveforLiuCaichun’sbeauty.Hehimselfadmittedthat"AlthoughthepoetisinferiortoTao,hisappearanceisbeautiful,anditisbeyondTao'sability.".Sothetwohititoff.YuanZhenalsomadethisaffairvigorousandvivid.HestayedinZhejiangforsevenyears,andthetwopeoplehadbeentogetherforaslongassevenyears.Onetimewhenhebecameabigfanofwine,hewroteapoem:"Ididn'tgetitbyfollowingtherules,notthebass."AcolleaguenamedLuJianqiusawthepoemandjoked:"Althoughtheprimeministerisnotabass,itisagoodspringforJinghuLake!"ItcanbeseenthattherelationshipbetweenYuanZhenandLiuCaichunatthattimeiswellknown.

YuanZhenhasahobbyandlikestowritepoemsforwomenheadmires.WhenhewasinlovewithXueTao,hewroteapoem"GiftXueTao",andlaterwhenhefellinlovewithLiuCaichun,hewroteapoem"GiftLiuCaichun":"Thenewmakeupisingeniouslypaintedwithtwomoths,andChangzhouToelluo.Stealthesmoothandsmoothwatfromthefront,slowlysteppingthroughtheripples.Thewordsareelegantandcheerful,andthemannersarelowandcharming.Itismoreannoyingandbroken,andthechoiceofwordscansingthesongofthehusband.Peopleleavesomematerialsthatdon'tgointoofficialhistory.

AlthoughthescandalbetweenLiuCaichunandYuanZhenhasspreadwidely,therelationshipendedwithoutaproblem.Thereasonissimple.YuanZhenhasbecomeaccustomedtothenewandtiredoftheold.LikeXueTao,LiuCaichunhasalowstatusandisinappropriatewithYuanZhen.Thehouseholdiswrong.

Mezilidský vztah

Hlavní práce

MetaZhenZuohasthelegendary"TheŽivotopis Yingying",whichcontains100volumesof"TheCollectionofChangqingoftheYuanDynasty",includingpoems,edicts,inscriptions,andcommentaries.Thepresentcompilationofpoemsis28volumes(thethirdvolumeof"CompleteTangPoems").Onehundredninetysixtofourhundredtwenty-three).YuanZhenhascompiledavarietyofcollectionsofpoems,essays,andcollectionswithfriends.Today'sChenYinkehas"YuanBaiPoemsandNotes",ZhouXiangluhas"YuanZhenCollectionandNotes",andJiQinhas "Sbírka YuanZhen".

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Historicaldataindex

BaiJuyi's"TangDynastyWuchangArmyJieduDisposal,etc."Theofficialdoctorinspectedtheschool'sHouseholdDepartmentShangshuEzhouGovernorandYushiDoctorgaveapurplegoldfishbagtotheShangshuYoufushottheepitaphofHenanYuangong"

"OldTangBook·Biographies116th"

"NewTangBook·Životopisy devadesátý devátý"