Základní úvod
Specialceramicsasstructuralparts.Itiscomposedofsingleorcompositeoxidesornon-oxides,suchasAl2O3,ZrO2,SiC,Si3N4,orcombinedwitheachotherorcombinedwithcarbonfiber.Usedinthemanufactureofceramicenginesandspecialcomponentsthatarewear-resistantandhigh-temperatureresistant.
The"2013-2017ChinaStructuralCeramicsMarketEvaluationandInvestmentProspectAnalysisReport"consistsoffifteenchapters.First,itintroducesanoverviewofstructuralceramics,theoperatingenvironmentofChina'sstructuralceramicsindustry,etc.,andthenanalyzesthecurrentsituationofChina'sstructuralceramicsindustrymarketoperation,andthenintroducesthecompetitivelandscapeofChina'sstructuralceramicsmarket.Ifyouwanttohaveasystematicunderstandingofthestructuralceramicsindustryorwanttoinvestinthestructuralceramicsindustry,thisreportisanindispensabletoolforyou.
Aplikace konstrukční keramiky
Strukturální keramikamainlyrefertoalargeclassofnewceramicmaterialsthatexerttheirmechanical,thermal,chemicalandotherproperties.Theycanbeusedinmanyharshworkingenvironments.Therefore,ithasbecomethekeytotherealizationofmanyemergingscienceandtechnology.
Oblast vesmírné technologie
Inthefieldofspacetechnology,themanufactureofspacecraftrequiresstructuralmaterialsandprotectivematerialsthatcanwithstandhightemperaturesandrapidtemperaturechanges,highstrength,lightweight,andlongevity.Inthisregard,Strukturální keramikaoccupiesanabsoluteadvantage.Sincethefirstspacecraftbegantousehigh-temperatureandlow-temperatureinsulationtiles,carbon-quartzcompositeablationmaterialshavebeensuccessfullyusedtolaunchandrecoverartificialearthsatellites.Thedevelopmentofspacetechnologyinthefuturewillrelymoreontheapplicationofnewstructuralmaterials.Inthisregard,structuralceramics,especiallyceramicmatrixcompositesandcarbon/carboncomposites,arefarsuperiortoothermaterials.
Theapplicationofhighandnewtechnologyisthemagicweaponforwinningmodernwars.Inthedevelopmentofthemilitaryindustry,high-performancestructuralceramicsplayapivotalrole.Forexample,thesuccessorfailureofadvancedsubsonicaircraftdependsontheapplicationofstructuralceramicswithhightoughnessandhighreliabilityandfiber-reinforcedceramicmatrixcomposites.
Optický komunikační průmysl
Theopticalcommunicationsindustryiscurrentlyoneofthefastest-growinghigh-techindustriesintheworld,withanoutputvalueofmorethan3billionU.S.dollarsworldwide.Itsrapiddevelopmentmainlydependsontheresearchofopticalfiberlossmechanismandtheuseofopticalfiberconnectorstructuralmaterials.Ourinstitutehassuccessfullyusedzirconiatoughenedceramicmaterialstodevelopopticalfiberconnectorsandsleeves,withexcellentperformance,whichsatisfiesthedevelopmentneedsofmycountry'sopticalcommunicationsindustry.
Withthehighdensityandhighpowerofsemiconductordevices,thedevelopmentofintegratedcircuitmanufacturingindustryurgentlyneedstodevelopanewtypeofsubstratematerialwithgoodinsulationandfastheatconduction.Thehighthermalconductivityaluminumnitrideandsiliconcarbidesubstratematerialsthatcameoutinthemidtolate1980saregraduallyreplacingtraditionalaluminasubstrates.Inthisfield,thehighthermalconductivityaluminumnitrideceramicsdevelopedbyourinstitutehaveathermalconductivityof228W/m×K,theperformanceranksfirstathomeandabroad.Aluminumnitride-glasscompositematerialhasbecomearesearchhotspotinthefieldofcontemporaryelectronicpackagingmaterials.Itsthermalconductivityis5-10timesthatofalumina-glass,anditssinteringtemperatureiswithin1000°C.Itcanbeusedwithwiringmaterialssuchassilverandcopper.Co-firedtoproduceamultilayerwiringboardwithgoodthermalconductivityandelectricalproperties.Thealuminumnitride-glasscompositematerialdevelopedbyushasathermalconductivityof10.8W/m×K,whichisinaleadingpositionintheworld.Itsatisfiestherequirementsofminiaturizationanddensificationoflarge-scaleintegratedcircuits.
Související pojmy
Specialstructuralceramicsareanimportantbranchofceramicmaterials,whicharemainlycharacterizedbymechanicalpropertiessuchashightemperatureresistance,highstrength,superhardness,wearresistance,andcorrosionresistance.,Soithasimportantapplicationsinmetallurgy,aerospace,energy,machinery,opticsandotherfields.Thespecialstructuralceramicsproducedbyourcompanyincludethefollowingtypes:
Nitridekeramika
Nitridekeramikaareanewtypeofengineeringceramicsdevelopedinthepast20years,andcommonsilicates.Thedifferencebetweenceramicsisthattheformercombinationofnitrogenandsiliconisacombinationofcovalentbondproperties,soithasthecharacteristicsofstrongbindingforceandgoodinsulation.
Siliconnitridehashighstrengthandhighhardness.Itisoneofthehardestmaterialsintheworld.Ithasgoodtemperatureresistance,anditsstrengthcanbemaintainedupto1200°Cwithoutfalling.Itwillnotdecomposeuntil1900°C,andithasamazingchemicalresistance,anditisalsoahigh-performanceelectricalinsulatingmaterial.Theoverallperformanceofthevarioussiliconnitrideceramicproductsproducedbythecompanyusingthemicrowavefiringprocesshasreachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel.
Thetheoreticalthermalconductivityofaluminumnitrideis320W/m·k,whichisabout80%ofthethermalconductivityofcopper.Atthesametime,aluminumnitridehasalowdielectricconstant,highresistance,lowdensityandclosetosiliconThecoefficientofthermalexpansion,comprehensiveperformanceisbetterthanAl2O3,BeO,SiC,etc.,isusedforhighthermalconductivityinsulatorsandelectronicsubstratematerials.Thevariousaluminumnitrideceramicproductsproducedbythecompanyhaveadensitygreaterthan3.25andathermalconductivityof120to200W/m·K.Variousspecificationsofaluminumnitrideceramicscanbeproducedaccordingtotherequirements.
Kompozitní keramika
Microwaveultra-hightemperaturesinteredboroncarbideceramicarmormaterial
High-densitysiliconcarbide/boroncarbidecompositeceramic,itsbendingstrengthevenat1400°Itcanstillreach500～600MPaathightemperaturearoundC.Thecompany'ssiliconcarbide/boroncarbidecompositespecialceramicmaterialproducedbythemicrowave-enhancedreactiveinfiltrationprocesshasthecharacteristicsofsmallspecificgravity,highhardness,highmodulus,andimpactresistance,andisusedinanewgenerationofceramicarmor.
Keramika odolná vysokým teplotám, vysoká pevnost a vysoká houževnatost
Zirconiumoxidetoughenedceramicshavemadesignificantprogressintheresearchofstructuralceramics.Aftertoughenedmatrixmaterials,inadditiontostableoxidationInadditiontozirconium,oxideceramicssuchasalumina,thoriumoxide,spinel,andmullitearecommon.Thecompanyusesmicrowavehigh-temperatureequipmenttoproducevariousoxidespecialstructuralceramicsinlargequantitiesatalowercost.
Transparentceramicsresistanttohightemperatureandcorrosion
Thecompositionofmodernelectriclightsourceshashighrequirementsforthehightemperatureresistance,corrosionresistanceandlighttransmittanceofthematerial.ThecompanyusesmicrowaveTheoveralllighttransmittanceandmechanicalpropertiesofthealuminaandaluminumnitridetransparentceramicmaterialsproducedbysinteringexceedthoseproducedbytraditionalmethods.Usedinvarioushigh-temperatureopticalwindows,probes,andtubes.
Jiné materiály
Jiné materiályrelatedtostructuralceramics
Elektrokeramika,ocelové konstrukce,keramicinizolační materiály,otěruvzdornémateriály,otěruvzdorné trubky,otěruvzdorná keramika,otěruvzdornáHistorie vývoje speciální keramikypro kolena,hlinitokeramikyakeramiky
Strukturální keramika
Amongthematerials,thereisatypeofstructuralmaterials,whicharemainlymadeofmechanicalpropertiessuchasstrength,hardnessandtoughness.Kindofmaterial.Metalhasbeenwidelyusedasastructuralmaterial.However,sincemetalsaresusceptibletocorrosionandarenotresistanttooxidationathightemperatures,theyarenotsuitableforuseathightemperatures.Theemergenceofhigh-temperaturestructuralmaterialshasmadeupfortheweaknessesofmetalmaterials.Thistypeofmaterialhastheadvantagesofbeingabletowithstandhightemperature,notafraidofoxidation,acidandalkalicorrosion,highhardness,wearresistance,andlowdensity.Itisverysuitableasahightemperaturestructuralmaterial.
Hlinitokeramika
Hlinitokeramika(artificialcorundum)isaverypromisinghigh-temperaturestructuralmaterial.Ithasahighmeltingpointandcanbeusedashigh-graderefractorymaterials,suchascruciblesandhigh-temperaturefurnacetubes.Takingadvantageofthehighhardnessofalumina,thecorundumballgrindingmachineusedinthelaboratorycanbemanufacturedtogrindmaterialswithlesshardnessthanit.Usinghigh-purityrawmaterialsandusingadvancedtechnology,aluminaceramicscanalsobemadetransparent,whichcanbeusedtomakehigh-pressuresodiumlamps.
Silikonnitridová keramika
Silikonnitridová keramikaisalsoanimportantstructuralmaterial.Itisasuper-hardmaterialwithlowdensity,lubricity,andwearresistance.Exceptforhydrofluoricacid,itdoesnotreactwithotherinorganicacidsandhasstrongcorrosionresistance;itcanalsoresistoxidationathightemperatures.Moreover,itcanresisttheimpactofcoldandheat.Itwillnotbebrokenwhenheatedtomorethan1000intheair,andthenrapidlycooledandheatedagain.Itissiliconnitridethathassuchgoodcharacteristicsthatpeopleoftenuseittomanufacturemechanicalcomponentssuchasbearings,steamturbineblades,mechanicalsealrings,andpermanentmolds.
Bornitridekeramika, borkarbidekeramika
Boronnitrideceramicsisanewindustrialmaterial.Itisahexagonalcrystalwithascalystructure.Itsappearanceresemblesivory.Boronnitrideceramicshavebeendevelopedwiththedevelopmentoftheaerospaceandelectronicindustries,andhaveawiderangeofindustrialapplications.Ithasbeendiscoveredasearlyastheyear.SincetheSecondWorldWar,alotofresearchworkhasbeendoneonthismaterial.Itwasnotuntilthesolutionofthehotpressingmethodthatitachievedrapiddevelopment.Hot-pressedceramicshavebeenusedinourindustryand21technology.
Umělé drahokamy
ThemaincomponentsofrubiesandsapphiresareAl2O3(corundum).Theredcolorofrubyisduetoasmallamountofchromium-containingcompounds;andthebluecolorofsapphireisduetoasmallamountoftitanium-containingcompounds.In1900,scientistsusedamethodofmeltingaluminaandaddingasmallamountofchromiumoxidetoproducerubieswithamassof2g-4g.Now,rubiesandsapphiresaslargeas10gcanbeproduced.