OTHELOGICProgrammingLanguage
Prologisbasedontheprocessingoffirst-orderpredicatecalculus,duetoitssimplegrammar,richexpressivenessanduniquenon-procedurallanguageThecharacteristicsofitareverysuitableforexpressinghumanthinkingandreasoningrules,whichhaswonthewidespreadinterestofartificialintelligenceresearchandapplicationdeveloperswhenitcameout.Obzvláštěnwesterneuropeandjapan, TheProloglanguagehasbeenPopularizelidInmanyApplicationfields, taisRelationalDatabases, matematicalLogic, abstractProblemSsolving, natureallanguageundunding a expertSystémy.JapanolsoListedprologytheCorelanguageinitsFifth-GenerationCombuterreSearchPlanPlanPlanPlanPonesen1979.
PrologisactualdeadeasoningasoningTechniqueBasedonReverserules, buttherearearearestictrestrictionshexpressionOfrulesandgoals.Spojovaná sériumticityFtheDeductiveSasoningControlmechanismit Affect, itisDifficulttoApplytocomplexApplicationMomains.
TheBasicConceptSofTheprologlanguage
TheBasicComponentafThologlanguageethehornclause, ExpressinTheFollowlingform:
∧∧∧p;
InTheprologlanguage, TheHornclausetakestHreeFormsTheyrespectivelyRresentThreePartSoftHeproblem-SolvingDescriptionIndereDedeDeductiveSasoning:.
cílová
Itisexpressedasahornclausewithonlytheleftpart:
∧∧∧;
To je, inteprologlanguage, thetargetformUlamelimitedTobeexpressEdastheconjunctionJunctionsOnfatoMicforlas, andCannotbeanyTandorformform.
Pravidla
ExpresseDaSatyPicalhornclause:
∧∧∧p
ThissthenormalizedbruleuseusesInVersedeDeductiveasoning, buttheleftpartofTherulelitedtotheConjunctionFotoMicformlas.Spíše sehanarbitrarywordsandorshapes.
Fakta
FaktaarerepresententAsAcollectionOffacTelements, aeachfacTelementisrepresentedsahornclausewithonlytherightpart, že, asingleatomicformulap.ImplicityConjunktiveRelationsbetweenFectalements.
AslongastHreePartSoftheproblotMescriptionAreExpressidInProloglangageage, TheasoningMechanismtHassupportsPrologsentenceswillautomaticalmaticsperform-reversededEductiveSasoning, a nafinallyGiveanswersswers.
BecausethegoalandtheleftPartofthereLurelimitedtotheConjunctionFotoMicforlas, TheseatoMicformformulacnactivateMultiPlerules (therereimplicitorelationsbetweentheserules).Proto je argraphestaltedByProlog'sDeductiveSasoningProcesshasanand-OrelationshipThatalternateSlayerbylayer.WithThownwardExpansionofTheandorgraph, AconSistenSolutionGraphWilleventuallyBeformed (prohledáno) a ThedeDeductiveSasoningWillsUcced; jinak TheasoningWillfail.
TheatomicformulascontaidaintEthetargetReregardedassub-Goals.Whenevertheruleactivatedbythesub-goalisinsertedintotheAND-ORgraph,theatomicformulasontheleftoftherulebecomenewsub-goalsandthenusedActivateanewrule;inthisway,withtheactivationoftheruleandthegenerationofanewsub-goal,theAND-ORgraphisgraduallyexpandeduntilthesub-goaldirectlymatchesthefactelement(atomicformula).
Funkce
THEGRAMICATICKÁTORUCTURUCTUREFTHTHEPROGLANGLANGUAGEISquiteSmple, ButtheDScriptionabilitysveryStrong.Forexample, když je řečeno, andReSDeSccreTheTeTeTeTeaxiomSoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMoMomSiredDiscipline.THENTHEPROBLEMSTHEPROPOSICETOBEPRED; WhfaktSandPravidlaDescriptoreCiredDataandRelationships, thentheproblesisAdaqueryStatement; WhfractsAndPravidlaDescrecCeCentaelaws, thentheProbleTetcílováState..Proto prologlanguageisanintelligentprogrammingLanguage.
TheprologprogramhasNospecificRunning sesquence a thesequencenceofrunningThogramisIscarriedOutCompletelyinaccordancewithMathematicalAlLogicDeduction (DigesionMethod).ItisNotdeterminedBethePprogrammer.PrologisadescriptiveliveaguagethatusSaspecifificMethodToDescreadeaproblem, a anthecomputerautomatickyfindstheanswertothepproblem.TakeanextreMeexample: WhendhefactSandRureSestalted, youonlyneedTellitaCiveQuestion, aitwillautomatickyfindtheanswer.
ThereenocontrolflowStatementssuchasif, pouzdro a corirtheprologprogram.Podnormalcircumstances, programmersdonotneedStandthenderninningProcessoftheprogram, OnlyNeedTopayAttentionTowhetHedescriptionOfTogramisComprehensiens.ProlologalsoprovidessomemethodsforControllingProgramflow však, který se jedná.