Původ termínu
OneofthedraftersoftheU.S.Constitution,AlexanderHamilton,establishedabankinNewYork(theBankofNewYork)aftertheUnitedStatesbecameindependent.Hehiredaprofessionalmanagertomanageit.BecausetheU.S.Constitutioncallsthepresident"ChiefExecutive"(meaningthehighestheadofgovernment),hecallsthatperson"ChiefExecutiveOfficer"andthereasonforadding"Officer"istodistinguishitfromthepresident.ThisistheworldThistermappearsforthefirsttime.
TheCEOisaccountabletothecompany’sboardofdirectorsandisoftenamemberoftheboardofdirectors.Havetheultimateexecutivepowerwithinthecompanyororganization.Inarelativelysmallcompany,theCEOmaybethechairmanoftheboardofdirectorsandthepresidentofthecompanyatthesametime,butinlargecompaniesthesepositionsareoftenheldbydifferentpeople,soastopreventindividualsfromplayingtoolargearoleinthecompanyandhavingtoomuchAtthesametime,itcanalsopreventconflictsofinterestbetweenthecompanyitselfandthecompany’sowners(thatis,shareholders).ThecorporateCEOsystemiscompatiblewiththemoderncorporatesystem.Underthemodernmarketeconomysystem,thecorporategovernancestructureofthemodernenterprisesystemgenerallyconsistsofthreeparts:thegeneralmeetingofshareholders,theboardofdirectors,andtheexecutivebodycomposedofseniormanagers.
Amongthem,thecompany'sexecutivebodyiscomposedofhigh-levelexecutiveofficials.Thesehigh-levelexecutiveofficers,thatis,high-levelmanagers,areemployedbytheboardofdirectors,andwithinthescopeofauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors,theyhavethepowerofmanagementandagencyoverthecompany'saffairs,andareresponsibleforhandlingthecompany'sdailybusinessaffairs.ThepersoninchargeoftheexecutiveagencyiscalledtheCEO,thatis,thechiefexecutiveofficer.TheCEOofanenterprisecanbethechairmanorvice-chairman,orthegeneralmanager.
Hlavní odpovědnosti
Hlavní odpovědnosti generálního ředitele jsou:
(1)Appointmentanddismissalofmanagers;(2)Executiveboardofdirectors’resolutions;(3)Presidingoverthecompany’sDailybusinessactivities;(4)Signingcontractsorhandlingbusinesswiththeauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors;theexecutiveteamundertheleadershipoftheCEOincludes:generalmanager,deputygeneralmanagers,departmentmanagers,chiefaccountant,chiefengineer,etc.Inforeigncountries,CEOsemergedonthebasisoftheestablishedandmaturecorporategovernancestructure.Sincethe1980s,withtheexpansionoftheglobalbusinessofmultinationalcompanies,theexchangeofinformationwithinthecompanyhasbecomeincreasinglybusy.Duetotheinformationtransmissionandcommunicationbarriersbetweenthedecision-makinglevelandtheexecutivelevel,ithasaffectedtherapidresponseandexecutionabilityofthemanagerstomajorcorporatedecisions.Somecompanieshavebeguntotreatthetraditionalboardofdirectors-chairman-generalmanager.Reformofcorporategovernancestructure.TheCEOisoneoftheproductsofthischange.Itsappearanceinasenserepresentsthetransitionofsomedecision-makingpowersinthehandsoftheoriginalboardofdirectorstotheoriginalmanagement.TheCEOisnotthegeneralmanager,northepresident.Itspowerisverylarge,40%to50%ofwhichisthepowerofthechairman.Theboardofdirectorsbecomesasmallboard,anditsmainfunctionistoselect,evaluateandformulateaCEO-centeredmanagementanditscompensationsystem.AlthoughtheCEOisnottheinvestorofthecompany,ithastherighttomakedecisionsonmajordecisions.
Inforeigncountries,themainconstraintontheCEOisnottheboardofdirectors,butanorganizationcalledthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteeintheenterprise.Thisstrategicdecision-makingcommitteeisthemainauthoritythatsupportsordeniestheCEO'sbusinessdecision-making.Inmanycountries,mostofthepeoplewhomakeupthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteearenotthepeopleinthecompany,letalonetheinvestorofthecompany,butthecelebritiesinthesocietywhoareengagedinbusinessmanagement,economics,andlaw.Therefore,itishumancapitalthatcontrolstheenterprise,nottheinvestor.Theinterestoftheinvestorisonlyreflectedinthereturnofthepropertyrights.
TheestablishmentoftheCEOembodiestheideaofputtingpeoplefirstandreasonablepricingforhumancapital.Thecorporategovernancestructuremodelbasedonthetheoryofseparationoftwopowersthatweusuallytalkaboutisbeingchallenged.Moreandmorefactsshowthatmodernproductionisshiftingfromrevolvingaroundmachinestorevolvingaroundknowledge.Humancapitalthusachievedanoverwhelmingpositionovermonetarycapital.Itisnotdifficulttofindthattheannualsalarysystem,stockoptions,andothersimilarincentivemeasuresaremerelyinstitutionalarrangementsmadebythemarkettoreasonablypriceentrepreneurs’humancapital.
Inamaturemarketenvironment,entrepreneurhumancapitalwillinevitablyfinditsownreasonableprice.Afterenteringtheenterpriseasaninstitutionalarrangement,humancapitalhasalreadytriggeredahugechangeintheenterprisepropertyrightssystem.Inadditiontogettingwages,humancapitalshouldalsogetareturnonpropertyrights.Thephenomenonthatenterprisesarecompletelyownedbyinvestorsisgraduallychanging.
TheemergenceoftheCEOalsosignifiesthatthetraditionaltheorythatownershipandmanagementmustbeseparatedhasalsoundergoneimportantrevisions.InthefaceofeconomicglobalizationandChina'saccessiontotheWTO,manycompanieshaveastrongsenseofcrisis,arebusyplanning,adjusting,andmakinggreateffortstomeetthechallengesoftheworldmarket.ItisinthiscontextthattheCEOappearedinourcountry.ItshouldalsobenotedthattheCEOsofsomeChinesecompanieshaveonlychangedtheirtitles,butinfacttheyarestillthedailyresponsibilitysystemofthegeneralmanagerunderthedecisionoftheboardofdirectors,notthetrueCEO.Itshouldbesaidthathumancapitalascapitalisthemostimportantmanifestationintheeraofknowledgeeconomy.
ItismoreimportanttochangethetitleofgeneralmanagerofacompanytoCEO.
afghánský generální ředitel (2 fotografie)
LiKeqiangmetwithAfghanCEOAbdullahinAstana.RahmonmetinDushanbeonthe8thwithAfghanChiefExecutiveAbdullah,whovisitedandattendedthehigh-levelinternationalmeetingontheresultsofthe"WaterforLife"InternationalDecadeofAction.LiKeqiangexchangedcongratulatorymessageswithAfghanistan’sChiefExecutiveAbdullahonthe20th.
Srovnání jmen
中 | japonský | Angličtina | korejština | |
Předseda;PředsedaoftheBoardofŘeditels;PředsedaoftheBoardofŘeditels | Předseda | Předseda;PředsedaoftheBoard | Předseda | |
Generální ředitel; Prezident; CEO; CEO | Prezident | Generální ředitel,Prezident,CEO | Prezident | |
Executivedirector;managingdirector;managingdirector | Jménem ředitele, speciálního ředitele | Jednatel firmy | Jménem ředitele, vrchního ředitele | |
Ředitel | ProhibitionofŘeditels,SeniorOfficers,StandingOfficers | Ředitel | Ředitel,generalmanager,generalmanager | |
Generální ředitel,VicePrezident,Associate,SeniorŘeditelofBusinessGroup | Vedoucí obchodní skupiny | Vedoucí obchodní skupiny p> | Generální ředitel | |
Generální ředitel,Associate,ŘeditelofDepartment | Ministr | Vedoucí oddělení | Ministr | |
Manažer oddělení | Vedoucí sekce, vedoucí sekce | Šéf oddělení | Vedoucí sekce, vedoucí místnosti | |
Vedoucí oddělení | Vedoucí oddělení | SectioninCharge | Vedoucí oddělení,agent | |
Ředitel | Ředitel | Dozorce | Ředitel | |
Personál | členové | Personál | členové | členové p> |
Související zboží
CEOCEO | CFOChiefFinancial Officer | CIOChiefInformation Officer | COOCHiefOperating Officer |
CTChiefTechnology Officer | CHOChiefTalentOfficer | CMChiefMarketingOfficer | CPChiefManufacturing Officer |
CCOChiefCultural Officer | CSOCHiefSecurity Officer | CIOChiefInformation Officer | CKOChiefKnowledgeOfficer |
