Kalifornský technologický institut

Basicinformation

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)wasfoundedin1891bylocalbusinessmenandpoliticiansAmosG.ThroopdevelopedfromavocationalschoolfoundedinPasadena.BeforetheschoolreceivedthenameCaltechin1920,theschoolwasknownasThroopUniversity,ThroopInstituteofTechnology,andThroopInstituteofTechnology.ThepowerthatdroveCaltechfromaschoolofartsandcraftstoaworld-classsciencecenteroriginatedfromtheforesightofastronomerGeorgeElleryHale.HalecametoPasadenain1907andjoinedThroop'sBoardofTrusteesasthefirstdirectoroftheMountWilsonObservatory.AtthetimeAmericanscientificresearchwasstillinitsinfancy,HalesawanopportunitytocreateaformalengineeringandnaturalscienceeducationcollegeinPasadena.Halesuccessfullyattractedprivatelandandfinancialsponsorship,whichenabledhimtobuildwell-equippedmodernlaboratoryfacilitiesfortheschool.ThenhepersuadedMillikan,anexperimentalphysicist,tojointheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,layingthefoundationforbuildingtheschoolintoacenterofscienceandtechnologyinthefuture.

In1917,HalehiredarchitectBertramGoodhuetoproduceamasterplanfora22-acrecampus.GoodhueconceivedtheoveralllayoutofthecampusanddesignedthePhysicsBuilding,DabneyHall,andotherbuildingsinwhichhesoughtconsistencywiththelocalclimate,thecharacteristicsoftheschool,andHale'seducationalphilosophy.Goodhue'sworkfortheCaliforniaStateAdministrationisalsoinfluencedbythetraditionalSpanishmissionbuildingstructureinSouthernCalifornia.

UndertheleadershipofHale,Noyes,andRobertA.Millikan(andpromotedbytheprosperityoftheSouthernCaliforniaeconomy),thereputationoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyItwasrapidlyimprovedinthe1920s.In1923,MillikanwontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.In1925,theschoolestablishedtheDepartmentofGeologyandhiredWilliamBennettMunro,chairmanofHarvardUniversity'sSchoolofHistory,Politics,andEconomics,tocreatetheCaltechSchoolofHumanitiesandSocialSciences.In1928,theSchoolofBiologywasfoundedundertheleadershipofThomasHuntMorgan,whowasthebestbiologistintheUnitedStatesandoneofthediscoverersofchromosomes.In1926,theGraduateSchoolofAeronauticswasfounded,anditfinallyattractedTheodorevonKármán,wholatercontributedtothecreationoftheJetPropulsionLaboratoryandestablishedCaltechasoneoftheleadingcentersofrocketscience..In1928,thePalomarObservatorybeganconstruction.

RobertA.Millikanservedasthe"ChairmanoftheExecutiveCommittee"(equivalenttothepresidentoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)from1921to1945.HisinfluencewassogreatthattheschoolwassometimescalledItis"Millikan'sSchool".Inthe1950s,1960s,and1970s,Caltechbecamefamousfortheschoolswheretwoofthegreatesttheoreticalparticlephysicistsofthetimewerelocated:GellmanandFeynman.BothGellmanandFeynmanwontheNobelPrizefortheirwork,whichhasmademajorcontributionstotheestablishmentoftheso-called"standardmodel"ofparticlephysics.Feynmanisalsoknownoutsidethephysicscircleasanexcellentteacherandananti-traditionalfigure.

InJune2009,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhostedthe13thPacificRimUniversityAssociationPresidentialAnnualMeeting.

InDecember2016,TianqiaoChendonatedUS$115milliontotheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologytoformallyestablishtheTianqiaoandChrissyChenInstitute(TianqiaoandChrissyChenInstitute).

OnApril2,2020,NanjingUniversityandotheruniversitiesformallyannouncedtheestablishmentoftheInternationalUniversityClimateAlliance.

School-runningstrength

Administration

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhastheboardofdirectorsasthehighestauthority,andthepresidentoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyiselectedbytheboardofdirectors.Theboardofdirectorscurrentlyhas1chairman,3vice-chairmenand60directors.Inadditiontotheprincipal,thereare6vice-principals,inchargeofteachingandscientificresearch(anddeanoftheprovost),jetpropulsionlaboratory,studentaffairs,corporateandfinance,publicrelations,andastronomyfacilities.Thedeananddeputydeandirectlyleadthesixdepartmentsandoneresearchinstitutethatconductteachingandbasicresearchintheschool.Eachdepartmenthasonedirectorandonedirector.The6departmentsandoneresearchinstituteare:Biology,ChemistryandChemicalEngineering,EngineeringandAppliedSciences,GeologyandPlanetarySciences,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,Physics,MathematicsandAstronomy,BeckmanInstitute(Researchonsomesubjectsrelatedtobiologyandchemistry).Theboardofdirectorsconsistsofsevencommitteesincludingimplementation,audit,budgeting,realestate,investment,jetpropulsionlaboratory,andnomination.Thereare20committeesundertheschooladministration(mostofthemembersarepart-time).TheOfficeofStudentAffairsisthelargest"organization"oncampus,responsibleforenrollment,registration,financialaid,sports,andcareercounselingforundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Theschoolalsohasaprofessor'scouncil,whichisdividedinto22committees.

Schoolphilosophy

SincetheestablishmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thegoodschoolspiritandcharacteristicculturegraduallyformedarethefundamentalguaranteeforittobecomeaworld-classuniversity.Thisincludesstudentsstudyinghard,supportingeachother,andfullofacademicfreedom;theresearchatmosphereofmulti-disciplinaryinterdisciplinary,researchandfullfreeexchangesinscientificresearch;thepursuitofqualityandamanagementcultureofexcellence;theentirecampusisfullofpursuitofscientifictruthanddedicationtoscienceAcademicatmosphereandsoon.

DepartmentsandMajors

Nastavení školy

SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,SchoolofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,GeologySchoolofScienceandPlanetarySciences,SchoolofPhysics,MathematicsandAstronomicalSciences,SchoolofHumanitiesandSocialSciences.

Profesionální nastavení

Letectví,Astrofyzika,Astronomie,Materiálové vědy,Environmentální inženýrství,Strojní inženýrství,Chemické inženýrství,Stavebnictví,Výpočetní technika a neurověda,Počítačová věda,Elektrické inženýrství,Seismologie,Zemětřesení,Molekulární inženýrstvíB Aplikovaná fyzika, řízení a desítky dynamických systémů, řízení ,ekonomie, sociologie, humanitní a sociální vědy, antropologie, historie, jazyk a literatura, andgeofyzika.

Nejznámější kurzy Kalifornského technologického institutu jsou: letectví,aplikovaná matematika,aplikovaná mechanika,aplikovaná fyzika,astronomie,biologie,chemické inženýrství,chemie,civilní inženýrství,počítačové a síťové systémy,počítačová věda,elektronika,inženýrské inženýrství, inženýrské inženýrství, inženýrské inženýrství věda, matematika, strojní inženýrská fyzika, sociální vědy atd. Klíčové obory: Nejznámější disciplína Caltechu, fyzika jako první, po ní následuje strojírenství, chemie, biologie, letectví, astronomie, angeologie.

Studenteducationsystem

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyonlyenrollsabout800undergraduateseachyear,butonlymorethan600cangetabachelor'sdegree,andanaverageofabout200graduatesareeliminatedeveryyear.Students,manyofwhomareoutstandingstudentsfromallovertheworld.Graduatestudentsanddoctoralstudentsalsohaveasimilarstricteliminationratio.Formanyyears,thisschoolhascomeoutofthetopofthetop,andtheprestigeoftheprestigiousschoolhasbeenestablishedinthisway.TakingclassesatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyishardwork,and"stress"issynonymouswithCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Theacademicburdenhereissoheavy,thepaceoflearningissotight,andtheamountofweightissogreatthatfewotheruniversitiescancatchup.Forthisreason,20%ofthestudentsineachgradewereunabletograduateforvariousreasons-eitherdroppedoutofschoolortransferred.Thestudentswhocanstayherearewell-known"workaholics."Theystudyanaverageof50hoursaweek,andeachpersonmustcomplete486hoursofcoursesbeforegraduation.Thatistosay,thereareanaverageof5coursespersemester,and15coursesin3semestersayear-mostofthemThereareevenmorepeoplethanthis.Inaddition,allstudentsmusttake5physicscourses,2chemistry,2mathematics,1biology,1astronomyorgeology,and2experimentalcourses.

AtCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,itisimpossibleforonepersontocompleteallthehomework.Therefore,"group-work"isnotonlycommonbutalsoverynecessary.Itisalsocommonplacetodothequestionswithoutsleepingallnight.Therefore,somestudentssaidthatthethingIhatethemostisthatonlyhalfoftheproblemissolved,andthenthesunhasrisen.However,theschoolshouldberegardedas"kind"foreachyear'sfreshmen.Freshmenarenotgivenlettersinthefirstyearofclass,butonly"passed"or"failed".Thisisundoubtedlytheresultoftheschool'seffortstorelievethepressureonthestudents.Asaresult,thefreshmenhaveayeartoadaptbeforetheycanfullykeepupwiththe"breathless"rhythmoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

Researchreputation

Reputationoverview

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology),orCaltechforshort,wasfoundedin1891andistheworld’stopscienceandengineeringOneofthescientificresearchinstitutions.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasonly124acres(50.18hectares)ofmicro-campusarea.Therearelessthan400facultymembersandmorethan2,000students(graduate+undergraduatestudents)oncampus,but74ofitsalumni,facultyandresearchers75WontheNobelPrizeforthefirsttime(ofwhich6NobelPrizewinnersarestillteaching),itisthehighest-densityinstitutionofhigherlearningintheworldforNobelPrizeawards.Themainpurposeoftheschoolistocultivateresearch-orientedtalents.Ithasalwaysimplementedastricteliteeducation,withateacher-studentratioofonly1:3,andmorethan500studentstrainedaslaboratorydirectorsinuniversitiesaroundtheworld.Amongthesmall-scalefacultyonthecampus,theschoolhas11HowardHughesMedicalInstitute(HHMI)researchersand6formeralumnioftheInstitute.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyrankedfirstintheworldforfiveconsecutiveyearsintheTimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankingsintheUnitedKingdomfrom2011/2012to2015/2016.In2015,"TimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityGraduateEmployability"ranked4thintheworld,secondonlytoHarvard,CambridgeandOxford.

Thepurposeofthisprivateuniversityisto"traincreativescientistsandengineersfortheneedsofeducation,governmentandindustrialdevelopment".AsofOctober2020,amongtheprofessorsandgraduatesofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(excludingtemporaryresearchers),40peoplehavewontheNobelPrize41times(Paulinghaswontwice),anaverageofoneinevery1,000graduatesNobelPrizewinners,theratioisthehighestamonguniversitiesintheworld.TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasonlymorethan2,100studentsand290professors,associateprofessors,andassistantprofessors.Amongthem,thereare66membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,33membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and80membersoftheNationalAcademyofArts.Thisisequivalentto36.7%ofallcurrentfacultymembers.TherearenoschoolsintheUnitedStatesandeventheworld.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasagroupoftopscientistsintheworld.In2008,theAmerican"Exploration"magazineselectedthe20mostintelligentscientistsundertheageof40intheUnitedStates.Theyareregardedasgeniusesintheirrespectiveresearchfields.,Bearingfruitfulresults,amongthe20talentedscientists,professorsfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaccountedfor4seats.

Theschoolhasadvancedscientificresearchfacilities,includingBoothComputingCenter,HaleObservatory,SeismologicalLaboratory,KerckhoffOceanLaboratory,BigBearSolarSystemObservatory,PalomarObservatory,OwensCanyonRadioObservatory,andNASA’sJetPropulsionExperimentLaboratory(JPL),EnvironmentalQualityLaboratory,thenewlyestablishedsub-millimeterobservatoryinHawaii,etc.EspeciallyworthmentioningistheJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL),wherescientistssuccessfullyexperimentedanddesignedtheearliestmodernrocketsofmankind,anddesignedandassembledthespacecraftoftheAmericanApollomoonlandingprogram.Overthepasthalfcentury,JPLhasparticipatedinthedesignandlaunchofmanysignificantspacecraft,suchastheExplorerProject,theSailorProject,theGalileoProject,theMarsGlobalExplorer,theCassiniHuygenssatellite,andtheSpitzerDeepSpaceTelescope.NASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryisalsomanagedbytheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

ThefamousphysicistsEinstein,Feynman,Hawking,Boll,Millikan,Gellman,thefamousastronomerHalley,theoriginatorofgeneticsMorgan,andtherocketexpertvonKamenCoachhere.InadditiontomanyNobelPrizewinners,famousalumniwhograduatedfromCaltechincludeIntel’sfounderGordonMoore,moonlandingastronautHarrisonSchmidt,andChinesemissileexpertQianXuesen.

ScienceisthethemeoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,andithasalsomademanyscientists:Einsteingaveuphis"universeinvariancetheory"hereandrecognizedthe"cosmicexpansiontheory";physicistKarl·Andersondiscoveredpositronshere;physicistDaleBrakmademajordiscoveriesonthegeneticstructureandreplicationmechanismofviruseshere,leadingtothebirthofmoleculargenetics;physicistGellmanproposedhereQuarktheory;here,geochemistPatersoncalculatedtheearth’sagerecognizedbymodernscienceas4.6billionyears.TherearealsoNobelLaureatesinPhysicsRobertMillikan,RichardFeynman,MollyGilman,ArthurMacDonald(2015),NobelLaureatesinChemistryPauling,RudolfMarquez(RudolphMarcus),Xavier(AhmedZewail),MartinCapras(2013),Bezig(2014),thefamousgeneticistThomasMorganoftheNobelPrizeinBiology,EdLewis(EdLewis)Lewis)Wait.

Celkové žebříček

Následující je žebříček Kalifornského technologického institutu ve čtyřech světových žebříčcích autoritativních univerzit.

Dodatečně, v roce 2019-20, v žebříčku "WorldUniversityIntheWorldUniversityRankings" publikovaném Centrem pro hodnocení (CWUR), Kalifornským technologickým institutem v USA, 12. a 20. stupni technologického institutu na 29. světě. V listopadu 2017, "TimesHigherEducation" publikoval 2017 Globální žebříček zaměstnatelnosti, a Kalifornský technologický institut se umístil na prvním místě na světě; 2019 a 27thin2020.

Hodnocení předmětů

Následující je hodnocení předmětu a pole Kalifornského technologického institutu.

1, 2019-20krát vyšší vzdělání(SVĚTOVÉ)Univerzitní žebříčkyPořadí předmětů:

2, 2019-20QSWorldUniversityRankingsbySubject:

3,2018-19USNewsNationalGraduateSchoolsHřadí:

2019-20USNewsNationalMajorProfessionalSchools(ProfessionalSchools)Pořadí:

4. 2019-20AcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU)SubjectRanking:

Výsledky vědeckého výzkumu

Akademické úspěchy Kalifornského technologického institutu ve 20. století jsou stručně uvedeny takto:

Inthe1920sand1930s,geologistWoodinventedtheseismograph,physicistandmathematicianGattanborginventedtheRichterScale(theRichterScale).Theydevelopedseismologyintoaninternationaldiscipline;

Inthe1930s,Paulingconductedresearchonthepropertiesofchemicalbonds,layingthefoundationformolecularbiology.HewontheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1954(andwonthePeacePrizein1962);

Inthe1940s,physicistDaleBraquemademajordiscoveriesonthegeneticstructureandreplicationmechanismofviruses,whichledtomoleculargeneticsThebirthoflearning.

V roce 1969 získal Nobelovu cenu za medicínu (a fyziologii);

In1948,scientistsfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyfirstsurveyedtheentirestarryskythatcanbeobservedinthenorthernhemisphere.Thousandsofnewhouses,galaxies,andcometswerediscovered,andskymapsweredrawn.Thisastronomicalatlashasbeenregardedasastandardbyastronomersallovertheworld.In1964,astronomerSchmidtdiscoveredquasars(quasars)attheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology;

In1953,geochemistPatersoncalculatedthattheearth’sagerecognizedbythemodernscientificcommunitywas4.6billionyears..HewontheTylerPrice,thehighestinenvironmentalscienceintheworld;

V 60. letech 20. století navrhl fyzik Gellman teorii kvarků. V roce 1969 získal Nobelovu cenu za fyziku;

Inthe1960s,RogerSperrydiscoveredthatthetwohemispheresofthebrainhavedifferentfunctions:thelefthemisphereisinchargeoflanguage(Vebalthinkingandlanguage),andtherighthemisphereisinchargeoftheimageThinking(spatial-visualthought).In1981,hewontheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiology;

In1986,thebiologistHoodinventedtheDNASequemtor.Until2013,theHumanGenomeProjectmainlyreliedonthisinstrumenttoanalyzegenesequences;

V letech 1980-1990 publikovali profesoři Caltechu 3,36 článků v prvotřídním časopise přírodních věd v průměru. Univerzita Stanford se umístila na druhém místě s 1,21, pouze 1/3 dřívějších;

V říjnu 1999 získal profesor Ahwood Xavier, který vyučoval Caltech, Nobelovu cenu za chemii.

"IfCaltechdoesnotoccupyanimportantpositioninthehistoryofhighereducationintheUnitedStates,fewuniversitiescanmatchitsstatusinthehistoryofmodernscienceandtechnologyintheworld."Scholars’commentsindicatethatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyUnparalleledacademicstatus.Indeed,fromtheworld’slargestopticalastronomicaltelescopetotheinteractionbetweenatoms;fromseismologytomolecularbiology;fromquarktheorytospaceexploration,therolesplayedbyscientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaredifficulttobeaffectedbyothers.replaced.

AcademicResources

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologylibrarysystemincludesfivebranches,subscribedtomorethan2,228paperjournalsand2,959electronicjournals,andhasacollectionofmorethan700,000books.Andawealthoftechnicalreports,governmentdocumentsandmapmaterials.ThefivebranchlibrariesareMillikanLibrary,ShermanLibrary,DabneyLibrary,AstrophysicsLibraryandGeologicalPlanetaryScienceLibrary.Amongthem,theMillikanLibraryandtheShermanLibraryarethetwomostimportant.Theentirelibrarysystemhas41staffmembers,including14professionallibrarians.MillikanLibrary:Thelargest,itistheschool'scentrallibrary,anditspremisesarealsothetallestbuildingintheschool.Librarymanagement,interlibraryloan,anddocumentdeliveryservicesareallconcentratedhere.Itmainlycollectsdocumentsofbiology,chemistry,mathematics,andphysics,aswellashumanitiesandsocialsciencejournals,governmentdocuments,Americanhistoryandsocialsciencemonographs,andalsocollectsmicroforms.

ShermanLibrary:Themaincollectionofliteratureonengineeringandapplieddisciplines,includingenvironmentalscience,computerscience,chemicalengineering,aviationtechnology,mechanicalengineering,appliedphysics,andappliedmathematics.

DabneyLibrary:ThisisalibraryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyspecializinginthecollectionofhumanitiesandsocialsciences.ItislocatedonthefirstflooroftheDabneyBuilding.

Hlavními sbírkami jsou literatura, umění, filozofie, evropské dějiny, asijské dějiny, monografie starověkých dějin atd., stejně jako hudební CD.

AstrophysicsLibrary:LocatedintheRobinsonBuilding,wheretheAstronomyDepartmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyislocated.Thislibrarymainlyprovidesliteraturesupportforastronomers,astronomicalinstrumentdesigners,relatedprofessionalsandstudentstoconductresearchonoptics,microwaves,x-rays,gammarays,cosmiclight,infrared,theoreticalastronomy,etc.Thelibraryalsoprovidesdocumentationsupportforthemoreprofessionalobservatorylibrary.

GeologyandPlanetaryScienceLibrary:mainlycollectsmaterialsinthefieldsofearthandplanetarygeology,geophysics,geochemistry,seismology,andpaleontology,especiallyinthecollectionofrelatedgeologicalmaterialsinCalifornia,thewesternUnitedStatesandNorthAmericaIthasuniqueadvantages.ThemuseumnotonlycontainsalargenumberofreportsontheNationalGeologicalSurveyoftheUnitedStatesandthegeologicaldistributionofmineraldepositsinCalifornia,butalsoacollectionofpublicationsrelatedtotheNationalGeologicalSurveyandselectedforeignsurveyreports.Themuseum’sspecialcollectionsinclude:GeologicalFieldworkTravelGuideforNorthwestAmerica(focusingontheareabetweenthePacificOceanandtheRockyMountains);thepublicreportoftheUSGeologicalSurveyonthetopographicmapofthewesternUnitedStatesandthetopographicmapofCalifornia;CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyDissertationfromtheDepartmentofGeologyandPlanetaryScienceoftheCollege.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology’sresearchcenters:InfraredProcessAnalysisResearchCenter(IPAC),AstronomyResearchCenter,MaterialProcessSimulationResearchCenter(MSC),AdvancedComputingResearchCenter(CACR),IndustrialRelationsResearchCenter,ComputerResourceResearchCenter,DepartmentofComputerScience,DepartmentofBioengineering,MolecularScienceLaboratory,JetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL)andotherscientificresearchinstitutions.

Kulturní tradice

Motto školy

Školní motto kalifornského technologického institutu je:Pravda vás osvobodí;překlad do čínštiny je:pravda osvobozuje lidi.

Školní odznak

Na obrázku 1 je zobrazen školní odznak Kalifornského technologického institutu (Caltech).

Školní píseň

Školní píseň kalifornského technologického institutu je: Boj o kalifornskou technologii.

Atletika

Kalifornský technologický institut má mužský basketbal, ženský basketbal, mužský baseball, šerm mužů a žen a další sportovní týmy. Asociace, NCAA) třetí divize (NCAADivision III).

SchoolFunfacts

1. Dvacet procent studentů nemůže promovat

TalkingabouthowdifficultitistoattendclassesatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyItcanbesaidthatnooneknowsandnooneknows:"Stress"issynonymouswithCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Theacademicburdenhereissoheavy,thepaceoflearningissotight,andtheweightissogreatthatfewotheruniversitiescancatchup.Astudentsaid:"Unlessyouwanttobeascientistoranengineer,don'tcomeheretogotoschool."InthebrightandbrightsunshineofSouthernCalifornia,Disney,HollywoodandotherentertainmentresortsandLosAngelesarewithineasyreach,andthereisCaltech.Thestudentsofthecollegehaven'tmadeastepontheironehundredandtwenty-fouracrecampusinfouryears,doyoubelieveit?Manyhighschoolgraduateswhocametovisitfortheirupcomingstudieshereweredumbfoundedanddiscouraged.Atonetime,20%ofthestudentsineachgradewereunabletograduateforvariousreasons-eitherdroppedoutofschoolormovedaway.

Thestudentswhostayherearenotoriously"workaholics".Theystudyanaverageof50hoursaweek.Theymustcomplete486hoursofcoursesbeforegraduation,whichisanaverageFivecoursespersemester,15coursesinthreesemestersayear-mostpeopleevenmorethanthat.Thecollegedivideseachyearintothreesemesters(trimester).Allstudentsmusttakefivephysicscourses,twochemistry,twomathematics,onebiology,oneastronomyorgeology,andtwoexperimentalcourses.Here,almosteveryonehasanattitudeof"nomatterwhatproblemstheprofessorssetusuptocomplete".

2.PodobnostiarozdílymeziCaltechaMIT

PeopleoftencompareCaltechwithMIT.TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologywasestablishedthirtyyearslaterthanMIT,andwasonlyestablishedin1891,anditsscaleismuchsmaller.MIThasateamofmorethan4,500undergraduates,plusgraduatestudents,therearenearly10,000studentsoncampus.AtCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thenumberofundergraduatesislessthan1,000,andthenumberofgraduatesislessthan2,000.Intermsofscale,thisisasmallschool;intermsofenvironment,thesceneryhereisbeautifulandthecampusisdottedwithlotusflowers.PondsandolivetreesareindeedmuchbetterthanMITfactorybuildings.Duetothesmallnumberofpeople,Caltech’spercapitaresearchfunding,percapitapublishedpapers,percapitacitationsandpercapitanumberofNobelPrizesarefarhigherthanthoseofMIT.Theteacher-studentratiois1:3,andMITisonly1:6.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologystudentshavealwaysbeen"dismissive"oftheircompetitorsintheNortheast.Incomparison,MITisstillaneducationalpolicythatfocusesonthecombinationofhumanities,socialsciencesandscienceandtechnology.Itseemstobea"coward"trickontheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology."Wearethe'TechnologyInstitute',andscienceisthethemehere."Astudentsaidinamoreaccentuatedtone.

Ofcourse,Caltechstudentsdon’tknowanythingabouthumanities.Theyalsohavetotaketwelvecoursesinthehumanitiesorsocialsciences,usuallyonepersemester.

Hereisindeedthesupremacyofscience.ManyfamousphysicistsandchemistshavemadediscoveriesthatshockedthescientificcommunityattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.ThephysicistCarlAndersondiscoveredpositronshere;itisalsoherethattheextroverted,humorousNobelLaureateinPhysicsFeynman(RPFeynman)hasbeenteachingfordecadesandhasbecomethemostadmiredbystudents.Oneoftheprofessors.MurryGellmann,theNobelPrizewinnerinPhysics,andEdLewis,whojustwontheNobelPrizeinBiologyin1997.Beforeandafter,theprofessorsandalumniofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(excludingtemporaryresearchers)produced37NobelPrizewinners,anditsstudentsreallyhavetherighttobeproud.

3.Dokonce i čerství lidé mají příležitost hledat

SomestudentscomplainthatmostprofessorsfromCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologycomeheretodoresearchandarenotverygoodatteaching.interested."Thedistancebetweenprofessorsandstudentsseemsabitfarther."However,allcoursesattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaretaughtbyprofessors,whichisnotsomethingthateveryuniversityintheUnitedStatescando.AndthestudentswhogotoCaltechhaveastronginterestinresearch.Here,"evenfreshmenhavetheopportunitytodoresearch",andlearningdoesnothavetobeconfinedtotheclassroom.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasthemostmodernlaboratoryinAmericanuniversities,theKeckTelescope-theworld'slargestastronomicaltelescope,andthehighestcomputer/personratiointheUnitedStates.

ThemostfamousdepartmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyisPhysics.Tothisday,thisdepartmentstillattractshigh-achievingphysicsstudentsfromalloverthecountry.Engineering,especiallyelectronicengineering,aswellaschemistry,biology,botany,astronomy,andgeology,areveryeye-catching.Inthesummer,180undergraduateshavetheopportunitytoreceiveascholarshiptoconductresearchwithprofessors,and20%ofthemevenhavetheopportunitytopublishtheirresearchresultsinprofessionalscientificjournals.

4.Jak se mohu chovat pro ostatní

StudentssaytheyliketheharmonyofinterpersonalrelationshipsatCaltech:trusteachotherandtakecareofeachother.Inthissmallcommunity,despitethegreatpressure,thestudentsdonotcompetetothedeathandlife,butinsteadhelpeachother.Thereisalsoawell-known"HonorCode"(HonorCode),whichissupervisedbythestudents.Eventhoughtheseniorstudentshavethekeytoopeneachdormitory,thereareveryfewthefts.Everyonecangetthefoodintherefrigerator,butnoonewilltouchitforseveraldays.Themostimportantthingisacademicethics:"Iftheprofessorsendsouttheexampaperstotakehometomake,noonewillcheat.Thequestionsshouldbecompletedinthreehours,andnoonewillovertimeforoneminute."Intheschool,allethnicgroups-Therelationshipisalsoverygood.Astudentexplained:"Wherewilltherebetimetobehostiletoothers?"

Undertheheavylearningpressure,theCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologystudentshardlyhavetimetothinkaboutanythingelse.thing.Therearenotmanyculturalactivitiesstartedoncampus,andmostpeoplespendtheirtimestudyinginthedormitoryonweekends.OneofthebiggestdifferencesfromMITisthattherearenoclubs,sportsteams,orfootballteams—"Whenyoulearnindistress,everythingelseisnotsoimportant."

5. Vynalézavost"školního dne v kamionech"

Když jsme ve třídě čelili učitelům, studenti se chovali, ale začali žertovat v "truckschoolday" Pojďte, je to směšné.

Justliketheyoungstudentsinotheruniversities,thestudentsherearejokingandrefurbishing.Theannual"StruttingDay"isagoodopportunityforstudentstoshowtheirtalents:onthisday,thefourthgradersMydormitorywasblockedwithcables,steelbarsorevencomputerpasswords,leavingonlyafewcluessuggestinghowtoopenthedoor,andthenallofthemwithdrewfromtheschool,leavingthelowergradestomeditateallday(from8inthemorningto5intheafternoon))Howtogetinandget"trophies"-foodleftbyfourthgraders.

Actually,manyuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavedifferentnamesof"HitSchoolDay".Generally,inthespring,agroupoffourth-graderswhoareabouttograduatechooseadaytoleavetheircoursesandfacetheemptyclassroomwithaprofessorwhosmilesbitterly.,Gotonearbybeachesandparkstoplaytogether.It’sjustatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologythatlow-gradestudentswholiketomaketroubleoftensneakintotheirdormitoryroomswhenthehigh-gradestudentsareaway,adjustthepositionofthefurniture,driveanoldclassiccartothebed,orevenputitinthehouse.Everythingismovedaway,noteventhefloorisleft!

Theroadisonefoothigh,andthedevilisonefoothigh.Thefourthgraderstook"anti-sabotageaction".Beforeleaving,theymovedthebookshelforbedtothedoorsothatthepersonwhowantedtosabotagecouldnotopenthedoor,andthenjumpedoutofthewindow.Asaresult,onerackedhisbrainsandinsistedonenteringthedoor,andtheotherrackedhisbrainsnottoletin.Gradually,thismust-havewarbecamemoreandmoretroublesomeeveryyear,oftenleavingbothpartiesexhaustedbutoverwhelmed.Inthe1950s,furniturealonewasnotgoodenough.Thefourthgradersbegantobuildbanksafe-boxbarriers-steelbars,severaltonsofcement,timedclocks,andthickironplates.Protectivedeviceshaveallappeared.Thelowergradesalsobegantousevarious"heavyweight"objects:electricsaws,transporters,andhand-heldrockdrillsallcameinhandy.Somepeoplesay:Ifthedifferencebetweenhumansandotheranimalsliesintheirabilitytousetools,thenthedifferencebetweenCaltechstudentsandothersisthattheycanalwaysfindandusethesetoolsquickly.Inshort,inordertoopentheroom,theycandowhatevertheycan-cutaholeinthewall,openaskylightintheceiling.Anyway,theschool’sunwrittenruleis:Whoeverdoesthedamageisresponsibleforpayingtorepairtheroomasbefore.

6"Pozadí "The BigBangTheory"

SheldonLeeCooper (BS, MS, MA, Ph.D., Sc.D.) a další univerzity, kde pracují talentovaní vědci.

Campusenvironment

Theschooldoesnothavesuchadazzlingbuilding,itlackstheromanceandeleganceoftheliberalartscollege,butinthefieldofscience,whatisneededisaseriousandpragmaticspirit.Walkingonthecampus,youcan'treallyappreciatethevalueofthisschool,andstudentsintheDepartmentofSurgerycan'tappreciatetheadvancedequipment.LookingatsomeChinesestudentspassingbyoncampus,IfeelthatChineseareeverywhereandtheyareinvolvedinvariousfields.Nomatterhowdifficultitistoapplyforaschool,therearealwaysChinesestudents.

SincetheestablishmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thegoodschoolspiritandcharacteristicculturegraduallyformedarethefundamentalguaranteeforittobecomeaworld-classuniversity.Thisincludesstudentsstudyinghard,supportingeachother,andfullofacademicfreedom;theresearchatmosphereofmultidisciplinaryinterdisciplinary,researchandfullfreeexchangeinscientificresearch;thepursuitofqualityandamanagementcultureofexcellence;theentirecampusisfullofpursuitofscientifictruthanddedicationtoscience.Academicatmosphereandsoon.

Well-knownpeople

Asof2017,excludingtemporaryfacultyandstaff,atotalof37Caltechalumniorprofessorshavewon38NobelPrizes(including22alumni,15Professorswhoarenotalumniand5professorswhoarealsoalumni,amongwhichchemistPaulingwontwoNobelPrizes:1954ChemistryPrizeand1962PeacePrize);47peoplewontheNationalMedalofScience;10peoplewontheNationalMedalofTechnology.Amongthecurrentprofessorsare75membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,29membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and75membersoftheNationalAcademyofArtsandSciences.Inthe2017NobelPrizealone,thereare5winnerswhohavestudiedorworkedatCaltech,including2PhysicsPrizewinners,2PhysiologyandMedicinePrizewinners,and1ChemistryPrizewinner.

LinusPauling,PhD1925,vítěz Nobelovy ceny za chemii v roce 1954 a Nobelovy ceny za mír v roce 1962.

ZhaoZhongyao (Chung-YaoChao),PhD1930,fyzik,zakladatel čínské jaderné fyziky.

QianXuesen (TsienHsue-shen),PhD1939, aerodynamik, jednou zahájil vývoj raket a raket v Číně.

Wei-ChangQian, 1942, otec moderní čínské mechaniky, místopředseda Konzultační konference čínského lidu a slavný pedagog.

ShenShanjiong,amicrobialbiochemicalandmoleculargeneticist,wontheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyOutstandingAlumniAwardin1996.

Yuan-ChengFung, PhD1948, zakladatel biomechaniky.

Chia-ChiaoLin, PhD1944, mechanik a matematik, vedoucí současné školy aplikované matematiky.

Pei-YuanChou, PhD1928, teoretická fyzika a mechanika tekutin.

GordonMoore(GordonMoore),PhD1954,jeden ze zakladatelů IntelCorporation,zakladatel Moore's Law.

LilyYehJan,PhD1974,biofyzika,členka Národní akademie věd.

RichardFeynman(RichardFeynman),proslulý fyzik, vítěz Nobelovy ceny za fyziku v roce 1965.

MaartenSchmidt(MaartenSchmidt),astronom,objevitel kvasarů.

TanJiazhen(C.C.Tan),PhD1936,zakladatel moderní čínské genetiky.

BaoWenkui,PhD1950,Chineseplantgeneticist.

FrankCapra (FrankCapra), BS1918, trojnásobný vítěz Oscara za nejlepšího režiséra.

TonyChan,BS,MS,formerDeanoftheSchoolofNaturalSciencesattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andthecurrentPresidentoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.

The20thcenturyChinesescienceandtechnologymastersQianXuesen,HuNing,GuoYonghuai,MengZhaoying,TanJiazhen,TangYouqi,ShenShanjiong,ZhengZhemin,ZhuangFenggan,XiaoJian,LiZhengwu,LuoFeilin,WuYaozu,BaiChunli,etc.AllareCaltechalumni.

Universityapplication

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyislocatedinthebeautifulcityofPasadenainsouthernCalifornia.EntertainmentdestinationssuchasHollywoodandLosAngelesareallwithineasyreach.Thepurposeofthisprivateuniversityisto"traincreativescientistsandengineersfortheneedsofeducation,governmentandindustrialdevelopment."Nature:Private,specializedcolleges

Místo: Pasadena, Kalifornie, USA

Založeno: 1891

Instituce: Vysoká školaPod ní je 6 oddělení.

Školní motto: Pravda vás osvobodí

Současný děkan:ThomasF.Rosenbaum

Applicationconditions:CompulsorySATReasoningTest.SATSubjectTestrequiresMath2andanyofChemistry,Biology,Physics.BachelorofScienceorBachelorofEngineeringisanecessarycondition,andtheGREaptitudetestisarequiredcondition.Threelettersofrecommendationandreadingplanareindispensable,noTOEFLtestisrequired.

Informace o aplikaci

1. Požadavky na skóre

UndergraduateIELTSisnotaccepted,pleaseconsultthecollege;undergraduateandgraduatestudentsarerequiredIELTSscoreabove7.0;Toefl100

satmath753satverbal660

sattotalscoreact

Rozpočet výdajů

Poplatky za vysokoškoláky/rok $33324Magisterské studium$

Celkový poplatek za vysokoškolské studium/rok$49968TotalMaster'sfee/rok$

Poměr vstupného 14,70 %

2. Požadavky na přijetí

(1)Notarizace nejvyššího stupně vzdělání

(2)Notarizace výsledků (s průměrným skóre neméně než 90)

(3)Výsledky TOEFLR

(4)GREscores (nejméně 1300 bodů) – postgraduální studenti

(5)GMATscores (nejméně 680 bodů) – absolventi

(6)Skóre SAT(nejméně 1500) – vysokoškolák

(7)Osobní prohlášení

(8)Tři písmena doporučení

3. Stipendia

Podíl vysokoškolských stipendií: 60 %

Průměrné stipendia pro vysokoškoláky:22026

Podíl stipendií pro mezinárodní studenty: 44 %

4. Související výdaje