Definitions
Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle are talking about individual differences. For example, Plato is pointed out in a book: two people are not living exactly, everyone has their own natural talents, one person is suitable for such a profession and the other is suitable for another occupation. This indicates that individual differences have paid attention to the educator at the time, and become one of the main problems in education theory.
Individual differences are really an important topic of modern psychology research, which is half leaves in the 19th century. The main reason for promoting this development development is the development of various social undertakings at that time, requiring the differences between the ability and characteristics of comments and identification. During this period, 1882 British F. Galton's ability to set up laboratory examines; 1890 American psychologist JM Carter has prepared a group of psychological tests for application of identification power; 1896 French psychology Student A. Personality Psychology "is published together with Henry; 1900 German psychologists W. Stern published" Personality Difference Psychology ", compares the nature, scope and psychological characteristics of individuality differences. The basic function; the first intellectual test was prepared in 1905 and T. Simon cooperation. Since then, in addition to the continuous improvement of intellectual tests, many tests and theoretical research on emotion, interest, character, although these methods are not perfect, but also to be blamed in time, but use tests and measurements. Studies individual differences and put psychological tests from feelings, intelligence to emotionally, personal quality, is a result of the difference in different psychology in the 20th century. In the 1920s, some people in China have prepared books in "Non-Chinese Intelligence Test" used by the Chinese, introduced the "Jiuyi Ring", "July Qigquat". This research on intelligence differences has also been promoted. Since the 1950s, most of the Chinese psychologists have been studied in combination of individuality differences in the combination of cases, and the practical identification of students has a certain significance for improving education.
Forming
The individual difference is based on unique natural, under certain historical conditions, is affected by family, school, social environment, and develops through practice activities. of. People are entities of society and are also natural entities. From a human social aspect, the individual differences between psychology depends on the educational education and other social conditions of the individual. Any personal characteristics of individuals reflect the entire life path of his experience, all of which are the results of general education. From the perspective of human nature, the characteristics of nervous system activities are of great significance for the formation of individual differences in psychology. There are three basic characteristics of intensity, flexibility, balance in the neurological process. The quick and transformation of the conditional reflection of each person has shown that each person has the above characteristics and combinations of the nervous system and its daily shape. Individual differences. Russian physiologist и.п. Pavlov believes that the type of advanced neurological activity is a physiological basis for individual differences in human temperament. He pointed out that four neurotypes (irreparable, flexible, quiet, weak, weak) identified on animals, are comparable to the bile mass, multi-hematology, mucus and depressive in human temperament. The actual observation shows that the newborn baby has good movement, some are quiet; some are exciting, some crying low spirits; some are easy to fall asleep, some are not easy to transition from awake to sleep. These are the performance of the nerve type in the temperament of children and their activities. 50s Soviet psychologists б.м. Jetlov et al. Suggest that the above characteristics of the nervous system are related to people's ability. Some studies have pointed out that the strength and sensibility of the neurological process have the opposite relationship. The people with a weak neurope process have a low threshold, and the sense of feelings is large, and the strong is the opposite. Experiments have proven that students with different flexibility in the neurological process After the same training, although everyone's thinking flexibility has improved, the individual differences between them still exist. Recently, the study of hormone theory found that endocrust and psychological differences were also related. They believe that hormones have changed the organizational structure of the brain, which is an important reason for the difference in gender differences in men and women. The above research is beneficial to understand the natural causes of psychological differences.
Physiological difference is only a cause of psychological differences, and the decisive impact on psychological differences is the social environment. German psychologist K. Levan believes that if individuals grow in a fully isolated environment, it is impossible to develop self-concept or to show independent individuals for others. The large number of studies in modern personalized psychology and social psychology have shown that social environment and education conditions play a huge role in the formation and development of personal psychological differences. This is consistent with the above-described arguments of the Level.
Educational measures
1 pay attention to early education. Children have a lot of intellectual potential. If the best period of child development is stimulated, it is possible to promote its intelligence to better play. Reasonable early education can not only promote the development of children's intelligence, but also contribute to early detection of children with special talents. Chinese psychologists have shown that almost every extra child has a good opportunity for early education. Even if they are not in regular kindergartens, they get this opportunity in the school environment, and they are always growing under the superior family education. However, early education must meet the law of child psychological development, otherwise it is not expected. Swiss psychologist J. Piajie has pointed out: Every time I teach some children yourself to find things, this will make him creative, and the results cannot be true to this kind of thing.
2 emphasizes comprehensive development. Early education cannot only emphasize intellectual education and neglect the comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, body, and beauty. Piajie has pointed out that there is an fact that the essays of children's behavior, social aspects and knowledge is in fact unseaved. The research of some psychologists in China found that quality such as knowledge of knowledge is strong, self-confidence, and strong personalities is an important factor in the development of extraordinary children. Some studies have found that children's intelligence is supernatural and academic performance, and it is often incomplete. It is mainly due to the lack of education conditions, mainly because these children's learning is unclear, the character is reluctant, and this situation often causes the teacher's troubles and dissatisfaction, and even hinders or suppressing the development of extraordinary children.
3 promotes the teaching of the system. Ancient schools generally use individual teaching. In the 16th century, there was a class system in Europe, and the class collectively played a positive educational effect on the students, but the class class was also easily ignored. After the Second World War, the United States implemented students-centered teaching methods in a variety of forms, instead of traditional class. Recently, Anglo and other countries have a "open class". There is no fixed structure in class, and students are suitable for their interests and needs of their own interests; in the classroom and corridor, "Learning Cape", "" Listed district and book information, game equipment, etc., for children to learn through free activities; in the open classroom, there is no common standard for textbooks, emphasizing students' internal motivation and discovery learning. In order to facilitate teachers to conduct individual guidance for students, the number of classes is limited to 20 or 30 people. It is said that this teaching system will help each child's intelligence. Many ways to teach abilities, the most effective way, and still need to further explore and discuss.