decision making

Basicmeaning

Decision-makingisakindofbehaviorthatpeoplegenerallyexistinpolitics,economy,technologyanddailylife;decision-makingisanactivitythatoftenoccursinmanagement;decision-makingisdeterminedMeaning,itistoachieveaspecificgoal,basedonobjectivepossibilities,onthebasisofcertaininformationandexperience,withthehelpofcertaintools,skillsandmethods,toanalyze,calculateandjudgethefactorsthataffecttherealizationofthegoal.Afterwards,makeadecisiononfutureactions.

Fromapsychologicalpointofview,decision-makingistheproductofthecombinationofpeople'sthinkingprocessandwill-actionprocess.Withouttheparticipationofthesetwopsychologicalprocesses,noonecanmakeadecision.Therefore,decision-makingisnotonlyaprocessofpeople'smentalactivity,butalsoaplanofactionforpeople.

BasicPrinciples

1.Theprincipleofgap,urgencyand"competence"(usedwhendeterminingthedecision-makinggoal)

2.Principleofaiminganddifference(preparationAlternativesaretheprinciplesthatneedtobeused)

3,"twobest",prognosisandtimingprinciples(theselectionofoptionsistouse)

4,trackingandfeedbackprinciples(indecision-makingUsedintheimplementationprocess)

5.Externalbrainandeconomicprinciples(mustbeusedinthewholeprocessofdecision-making)

6.Systemprinciples.

7.Informationprinciples.

8.Theprincipleoffeasibility.

9.Theprincipleofsatisfaction.

Features

1.Scientificdecision-makingisthecoreofmodernmanagement,anddecision-makingrunsthroughtheentiremanagementactivities.

2.Decision-makingisthekeytothesuccessorfailureofmanagement.Decision-makingisanessentialstepbeforeanypurposefulactivityoccurs.Decisionsatdifferentlevelshavedifferentimpacts.

3.Scientificdecision-makingisthemainresponsibilityofmodernmanagers

decision making

4.Thescaleofdecision-makingsystemisexpanded

5.Thefrequencyofdecision-makingactivitiesisaccelerated

6.Theamountofinformationcontainedindecision-makingactivitieshassoared

7.Thecompositionofdecision-makingsubjectsischanging

Process

Generaldecision-makingprocessesinclude:

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(1)Problemidentification,thatis,torecognizetheentireprocessoftheincident,toestablishtheproblem,andtoproposeadecision-makinggoal.

(2)Problemdiagnosis,thatis,tostudygeneralprinciples,analyzeandformulatevariouspossibleactionplans,predictpossibleproblemsandproposecountermeasures.

(3)Actionselection,thatis,toselectthebestplanfromvariousplansandestablishacorrespondingfeedbacksystem.

Classification

1.Accordingtothescopeofdecision-making,itisdividedintostrategicdecision-making,tacticaldecision-makingandbusinessdecision-making;

2.Accordingtothenatureofdecision-making,itisdividedintoproceduraldecision-makingandnon-Programmaticdecision-making;

3.Accordingtothedecision-makingsubject,itisdividedintoindividualdecision-makingandgroupdecision-making;

4.Accordingtothecontrollabilityofthedecision-makingproblem,itisdividedintodeterministicdecision-makinganduncertaindecision-makingAndriskydecision-making.

Cognitivepsychologydividesdecision-makingintosixstages:(1)Identifytheproblem(2)Collectinformation(3)Proposepossiblesolutions(4)Evaluatealternatives(5)Chooseoptions(6)Putitintopractice.Researchhasshownthatthewaythequestionisworded,orthespecificdescriptionoftheoptionswillhaveagreatinfluenceondecision-making.

Decision-makingproblems

Decision-makingproblemsareusuallyclassifiedintothreetypes:deterministic,non-deterministic,andrisky.

Duetothedifferentnatureofdecision-makingproblems,thedifferencesbetweengroupdecision-makingandindividualdecision-makingandthepersonalstyleofdecision-makers,thetimeandmethodofdecision-makingarealsodifferent.Decisiontheorycanbedividedintotwotypes:traditionalandmodern.Traditionaldecision-makingtheoryistofollowtheprincipleofoptimizationwhenmakingdecisionstochoosetheimplementationplan.Thecoreofmoderndecisiontheoryistheprincipleofsatisfaction.

Capabilitycomposition

(1)Openrefiningcapabilities.

(2)Accurateforecastingability.

(3)Accuratedecision-makingability.

Influencingfactors

  1. Environmentalfactors

  2. Organization’sownfactors

  3. Thenatureofthedecision-makingproblem

  4. Thefactorsofthedecision-makingsubject

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