Järjestelmäanalyysi

Määritelmä

Inabroadsense,systemanalysisissystemsengineering;inanarrowsense,itistostudyspecificproblemsusingdataandrelatedmanagementsciencetechniquesandmethods.Methodsandtoolsforoptimizingproblemswithsolutionsanddecision-making.ThetermSystemsanalysiswasfirstproposedbytheAmericanRANDCorporationinthelate1940s.Itwasfirstappliedtotheresearchofweapontechnologyandequipment,andlaterturnedtothefieldofdefenseequipmentsystemandeconomics.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thescopeofapplicationhasgraduallyexpanded,includingtheanalysisofpolicies,organizationalsystems,logisticsandinformationflow.Intheearly1960s,theindustrialandagriculturalproductiondepartmentsofourcountrytriedouttheoverallplanningmethod,andthe"overalldesigndepartment"appearedinthenationaldefensescienceandtechnologydepartment,allofwhichusedthesystematicanalysismethod.Hill,oneoftherepresentativesoftheAmericanRANDCorporation,believesthattheelementsofsystemanalysishavefivepoints:(1)Thedesiredgoal.Complexsystemsaremulti-objective.Commongraphicalmethodsareusedtodrawobjectdiagramsorobjecttrees,aswellasmulti-levelobjectscorrespondingtothegoals—meanssystemdiagrams.Thegoalanditsmeansareestablishedinordertoobtainafeasiblesolution.Thefeasibleschemeisthestrongest(anti-interference),themostadaptable(adaptedtothechangedtarget),themostreliable(workingnormallyatanytime),andthemostrealistic(possibleimplementation)oftheschemes.(2)Variousequipmentandtechnologiesneededtoachievetheexpectedgoals.(3)Resourcesandcostsrequiredtoachieveeachplan.(4)Establishamathematicalmodeloftheplan.(5)Evaluationcriteriabasedoncostandeffectoptimization.Thestepsofsystemanalysisaregenerally:establishinggoals,buildingmodels,systemoptimization(usingmodelstooptimizefeasiblesolutions),systemevaluation(onthebasisofquantitativeanalysis,consideringotherfactors,comprehensiveevaluationandselectingthebestprogram).Systemanalysismustalsoadheretotheprinciplesofcombiningexternalandinternalconditions;combiningcurrentinterestswithlong-terminterests;combiningpartialinterestswithoverallinterests;combiningquantitativeanalysiswithqualitativeanalysis.Thescientificmethodforthereformofthenewsorganization'sownsystemissystematicanalysis.Accordingtothereformgoals,establishanewsystemmodel;analyzethevariablefactorsandtheirrelationshipsaccordingtothemodeltoestablishanumberoffeasibleschemes;thenevaluatetheschemesandselectthebestscheme.

Essence

(1)Applyscientificreasoningstepstomaketheanalysisofallproblemsinthesystemconformtologicalprinciples,followthelawofdevelopmentofthings,andtrytoavoidsubjectiveassumptionsAndpureexperience.

(2)Withtheaidofmathematicalmethodsandcalculationmethods,theanalysisofvariousschemesisquantified,andthedifferencesbetweentheschemesareshownwithspecificquantitativeconcepts.

(3)Accordingtotheconclusionofthesystemanalysis,designanoptimalsystemschemethatcanmakethebestuseofpeopleandmaterialsundercertainconditions.

Järjestelmäanalyysin elementtejä ovat pääasiassa:(1)Tarkoitus.(2)Kaava.(3)Malli.

Päävaiheet

①Asystematicexplanationoftheresearchobjectandtheproblemtobesolved,thepurposeistodeterminethegoalandexplainthefocusandscopeoftheproblem;

②Kerää dataa ja analysoi eri tekijöiden välistä suhdetta järjestelmäanalyysin perusteella löytääksesi toteuttamiskelpoisia ratkaisuja ongelmaan;

③Laadi erilaisia ​​matemaattisia malleja järjestelmän luonteen ja vaatimusten mukaan;

④Käytä matemaattisia malleja eri ratkaisujen ehdotusten ja haittojen vertailuun ja painottamiseen;

⑤Determinethebestsolution.Throughanalysis,ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeselectedprogram,youcanre-analyzeaccordingtotheoriginalsteps.Asuccessfulsystemanalysisrequiresmultipleiterationsandcomparisonsofvarioussolutionstofindtheoptimalsolution.

periaatteet

(1)Closelyfocusontheultimategoalofestablishingthesystem,analyzevariousoptionsofthesystemandmakechoices,andneverdeviatefromthemandblindlypursueadvancedtechnologyorrestrictnecessaryinvest.

(2)Startingfromtheoverallconceptofthesystemasawhole,seektheoveralloptimum.

(3)Fromamethodologicalpointofview,systemanalysisrequirestheuseofscientificanalysistechniquesandtoolsforquantitativeanalysisontheonehand,andtheintuitivejudgmentandrichexperienceofanalystsanddecisionmakersontheother.Thetwoalternate,mergewitheachother,andfinallyachievethegoalofoptimization.

(4)Inmanysystemanalysisproblems,wemustpayattentiontofindoutthemaincontradictions,andtrytofindthemethodsandwaystosolvethemaincontradictions.

Looginen rakenne

Inthesystemanalysisstage,thesystem'slogicalstructureshouldfullyreflectthesystem'sfunctionsandperformancefromthefollowingthreeaspects:

(1)Information.Completedescriptionofallinformationprocessedinthesystem;

(2)Behavior.Completelydescribetheprocessingorfunctionrequiredforsystemstatechanges;

(3)tarkoittaa.Kuvailejärjestelmänulkoinen käyttöliittymä ja käyttöliittymä yksityiskohdissa.

SystemsAnalysis-Insoftwaredevelopment,ataskperformedbysystemsanalystsintheearlystage.Thedefinitionis:theprocessesofinvestigationandanalysisintothefeasiblityofpotentialcomputerappalicationsandthedesign,implementationandreviewofcomputer-basedsystem.

Intheinitialstageofthesystemdevelopmentcycle,itisdefinedbytheanalyst,andSignedandagreedbythemanager.Thenbegantodevelopsoftware.

Thesystemanalysismethodreferstoaconsultingmethodthattakestheproblemtobesolvedasasystem,conductsacomprehensiveanalysisofthesystemelements,andfindsafeasiblesolutiontotheproblem.RANDbelievesthatsystemanalysisisaresearchstrategy.Itcandeterminethenatureandcauseoftheproblem,clarifytheconsultinggoals,findoutvariousfeasiblesolutions,andcomparethesesolutionsthroughcertainstandards.Helpdecisionmakersmakescientificchoicesincomplexissuesandenvironments.

Themethodofsystemanalysiscomesfromsystemscience.Systemscienceisanewscientificdepartmentspanningvariousdisciplinesthathasdevelopedrapidlyafterthe1940s.Itexaminesandstudiestheentireobjectiveworldfromasystematicpointofvieworperspective,andprovidesscientifictheoriesformankindtounderstandandtransformtheworld.Andmethod.Itsemergenceanddevelopmentmarkmarkedthegradualtransitionofhumanscientificthinkingfrombeingmainly"object-centered"to"system-centered".Itwasanepoch-makingbreakthroughinscientificthinking.

Systemanalysisisthemostbasicmethodofconsultingresearch.Wecanregardacomplexconsultingprojectasasystemengineeringthroughsystemobjectiveanalysis,systemelementanalysis,systemenvironmentanalysis,systemresourceanalysisandsystemmanagementAnalysiscanaccuratelydiagnoseproblems,deeplyrevealthecauseoftheproblem,andeffectivelyproposesolutionsandmeetcustomerneeds.

Asia

AforgingplantisasmallenterprisethatmainlyproducesrearaxleshaftsofJiefang,Dongfeng140andDongfeng130automobiles,withanannualproductioncapacityof18,000piecesandanannualoutputvalue1.3millionyuan.Thesemi-shaftproductionprocessincludes23processessuchasforging,heattreatment,machining,andpainting.Duetotheobsoleteequipment,someequipmenthasbeenreplacedandmodifiedinthepastfewyears,buttheeffectisnotobvious,andtheproductioncapacitystillcannotbeimproved.Thefactoryleaderswereeagertoopenupthesituation,sotheyentrustedMConsultingCompanytoconductconsultation.MConsultingCompanyusessystemanalysisfordiagnosis,andtakesthehalf-shaftproductionprocessasasystemforanatomicalanalysis.Bylimitingtheproblem,theconsultantfoundthatinthe23processesofsemi-shaftproduction,theproductioncapacitywasseriouslyoutofbalance.Amongthem,therewere9processeswithashiftproductioncapacityof120-190,mainlymachiningequipment.Thereare6processesfortheproductioncapacityof70-90,mainlyquenchingandstraighteningequipment.Theproductioncapacityoftheremainingprocessshiftsiswithin30-45,allofwhichareforgingequipment.Sincetheproductioncapacityofmachiningandheattreatmentprocessesgreatlyexceedstheforgingprocess,thepreviousprocesshasbecomea"bottleneck",severelyrestrictingthesituationofthesubsequentprocess,andmakingitdifficulttoimprovetheoverallproductioncapacity.Therefore,therealproblemthatneedstobesolvedishowtoimprovethecapacityofforgingequipment.

Onthebasisofthelimitedproblem,theconsultantsandthefactorydeterminedthedevelopmentgoaltogether,thatis,throughthetransformationoftheforgingequipment,theproductioncapacityandannualoutputvalueofthefactory'sautomobilehalf-shaftswillbedoubled.

Theconsultantsconductedin-depthinvestigationandresearchonhowtotransformtheforgingequipment,andinitiallyproposedfouralternatives,namely:installanewflatforgingmachine;replacetheoriginalsplinthammerwitharollingmachine;Replacetheoriginalsplinthammerandairhammerwitharollingmillandarollingmill;addanairhammer.

Basedontheinvestigationandanalysisofthemanpower,materialresourcesandresourcesofthemanufacturer,theconsultantputsforwardtheevaluationcriteriaorconstraintsforthealternatives,thatis:theinvestmentcannotexceed200,000yuan;itcanbeadaptedtothetechnicallevelofthefactory,Easytomaintain;lowpowerconsumption;shortconstructionperiodandfastpaybackperiod.Theadvisorygroupincludedrepresentativesofthefactorytoevaluatevariousalternativesbasedontheabove-mentionedstandards.Thefirstplan(anewflatforgingmachine)isadvancedintechnology,buttheinvestmentishigh,anditexceedstheconstraintsandshouldbeeliminated.Fortheremainingthreeoptions,ascoringmethodwasadopted.Asaresult,thefourthoption(addinganairhammer)wasdeterminedtobethemostfeasibleoption.Thisoptionhastheadvantagesoflowcost,shortproductioncycle,andlowpowerconsumption,althoughitisnottechnicallyenoughAdvanced,butinlinewiththerequirementsofsmallbusinesses,customersaresatisfiedwiththis,andthesystemanalysisisprogressingsmoothly,whichprovidesapowerfultoolforthisconsultation.

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