40 vuotta
TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee
DengXiaoping
DengXiaopingTheory
Etsi totuutta faktoista
Keskustelu totuuden standardista
XiaogangVillage
Laaja urakka
Neljä perusperiaatetta
Kolmekymmentä vuotta uudistusta ja avaamista
Sosialismin ensisijainen vaihe
The19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina
Laajenna
BackgroundHistory
PoliticalBackground
TheresolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonseveralhistoricalissuesofthepartysincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(unanimouslyadoptedattheSixthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonJune27,1981)Basicestimatesandevaluationsweremadeforthesevenyearsofcompletingsocialisttransformationandthetenyearsofcomprehensivelybuildingsocialism.
Forthe10yearsofthe"CulturalRevolution",thedocumentmentioned:The10yearsoftheCulturalRevolutioncausedthepartystateandpeopletosufferthemostserioussetbacksandlossessincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Historyprovesthattheargumentsofthe"CulturalRevolution"donotconformtoChina'srealityandMarxism-Leninism.TheseargumentsarecompletelywrongintheirestimationoftheclasssituationinChinaandthepoliticalsituationofthepartyandthecountryatthattime.Practicehasprovedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"isnotandcannotberevolutionorsocialprogressinanysense.Itisnot"disorderingtheenemy"atallbutchaosingitself,soithasneverbeenandcannotbeachievedfrom"disorderunderheaven"to"disorderunderheaven."Historyhasalreadydeterminedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"wasacivilturmoilthatwaswronglyinitiatedbytheleadersandusedbycounter-revolutionarygroupstobringseriousdisasterstothepartystateandpeopleofallethnicgroups.InOctober1976,theconspiracyofLinBiaoandJiangQingcounter-revolutionarygroupwassmashed,thepartywassavedfromthecrisis,therevolutionwassaved,andourcountryenteredanewperiodofhistoricaldevelopment.
Hyväksytty käännekohta
18.-22.12.1978 DengXia kutsui koolleKiinan kommunistisen puolueen yhdennentoista keskuskomitean kolmannen täysistunnon. Se on suuri käännekohta, jolla on kauaskantoinen merkitys puolueemme historiassa:
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtobuildonthepast.Specifically,itre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineofseekingtruthfromfacts,playeddowntheslogan"classstruggleasthekeylink,"whichisnotapplicabletothecurrentsocialistsociety,anddecidedtoshiftthefocusoftheworkofthewholepartytosocialistmodernization.
2.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtocreatethefuture.TheplenarysessionclearlypointedoutthatthehistoricaltaskofthepartyinthenewperiodistobuildChinaintoamodernsocialistcountry,whichopenedthepreludetosocialistreformandopeningup.
3.StartingfromtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,theChinesepeoplehaveenteredanewperiodofreform,openingup,andsocialistmodernization.SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,thePartyCentralCommitteewithDengXiaopingatthecorehasgraduallyopeneduparoadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.For40years,theChinesepeoplehaveachievedworld-renownedconstructionachievementsalongthisroad.ThemeetingopenedthepreludetoChina'ssocialistreformandopeningup.InDecember1978,Chinabegantoembarkonthepathofreformandopeningup.
DengXiaopingsaid:"Anynation,acountry,mustlearnfromothernations,thestrengthsofothercountries,andtheiradvancedscienceandtechnology."SohefirstproposedtoimplementreformandopeningupinChina.HehasmadeanindeliblecontributiontoChina'sreformandopeningup,andisknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'ssocialistreform,openingupandmodernization!
Taloudellinen tausta
Taloudellisesti vuodesta 1978, vaikka Kiinan bruttokansantuote saavutti 362,4 miljardia uania, se kaksinkertaistui 171,6 miljardista 1965:stä. Cultural Revolution,KKP on kokenut tietynasteisen hallinnon ja luottamuksen kriisin.
Inordertoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentassoonaspossible,thesecondgenerationofleadershipledbyDengXiaopingbegantosolvetheseproblemsonebyone,andtriedtochangethepeople’sdeep-rootedimageoftheCommunistPartyandsocialism.ThepurposeofthisreformmovementisOnthepremiseofmaintainingthesocialistsystem,changethemanagementsystemandpoliciesthatarenotsuitableforproductiondevelopmentinproduction,andestablishamarketeconomicsystemundersocialism.Theeconomicaspectofthisreformmadethefirstbreakthroughinruralareas,andthereformswerequicklyimplementedinvariouseconomicfieldsacrossthecountry.
DengXiaopingcametopowerforthethirdtime,tryingtocarryoutacomprehensivereformofthedomesticeconomicsystematthattime,andtryingtotransferChina’seconomicsystemfromaplannedeconomicsystemtoamarketeconomy.DengXiaoping’seffortsandreformattemptsIthasbeenenthusiasticallysupportedbythepeople.
Theplannedeconomy
Theplannedeconomywasonceconsideredtobeoneoftheeconomicsymbolsofsocialismandcommunism.Sincethe1950s,China’splannedeconomywasonceanearlystageinChina.TheeconomicrecoveryandinitialdevelopmentofChinahavemadeahugecontribution,butastimeprogresses,itsdrawbackshavebecomeincreasinglyobvious:
Guangzhou (2 kuvaa)
1.Thecontrolofthedomesticeconomyhasreachedanastonishingdegree.Thegovernmentandenterpriseshavenoseparationofresponsibilities,ignoringthelawofvalueandtheroleofmarketregulation;everythingisplannedastheoutline,unabletomeettheneedsofconsumergroups,restrictingthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,andbecomingthelargestinChina’seconomicdevelopment.bottleneck.2.Thequantityofgoodsproducedisintheplan,andthepurchaseofgoodsalsorequirescorrespondingcommoditytickets(forexample,thepurchaseofgrainrequirescorrespondingfoodtickets),whichmakesitdifficultforconsumerstobuythegoodstheyneedeveniftheyhavemoney.
3.Bothindustrialandagriculturalproductionandcommoditymanagementarecompulsorypublicownershipofthemeansofproduction.Individualsarenotallowedtoholdprivateproperty,andalllaborachievementswillbedividedequally.Thisresultsinproducersnotinterestedinexpandingproductionandlargelylosingtheirenthusiasmforlabor.Onlyrelyingon"bigpotofrice"tolivealifehaslostthemotivationtodeveloptheeconomy.
Vain tapa mennä
I.Maan tila on muutettava tuolloin
"Kulttuurivallankumous" jätti vakavan vaikutuksen maahan. Tilanne:tuottavuuden hidas kehitys,ratkaisematon ruoka ja vaatteet ihmisille,tekninen tekniikka ja koulutus jne. Tätä tilannetta ei voida muuttaa ilman muutoksia.Kuinka muuttaa?On vain yksi vastaus:muoto.
Toinen,Kiina tarvitsee toisen vallankumouksen
NewChinawasfoundedandthenewdemocraticrevolutionwascompleted.However,afterthefoundingofNewChina,thehighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemestablishedbytheSovietUnionhadseriouslyhinderedthedevelopmentofChina'sproductiveforces.Chinaneedsasecondrevolutiontoliberatetheproductiveforces.Thissituationcannotbechangedwithoutchanging.Howtochange?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
3.Sosialistinen järjestelmä tarvitsee itsensä parantamista ja kehittämistä
Eachhistoricalstageofthesocialistsocietyneedstobekeptinatimelymannerinaccordancewiththerequirementsofeconomicdevelopment.Promotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemandmakethesocialistsystemfullofvigorandvitality.Wheredoesthevitalityandvitalitycomefrom?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
4.Uusia ideoita tarvitaan sosialistisen modernisoinnin toteuttamiseksi
Thenewideasaretoestablishandcontinuouslyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomicsystem,andactivelyandsteadilyadvancethepoliticalsystemReform,developsocialistdemocracy,buildsocialistpoliticalcivilization,andpromoteculturalsystemreform.Whereisthenewidea?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
Muotoiluprosessi
Uudistaminen alkoi
DengXiaoping (3 kuvaa)
FengyangCounty,AnhuiProvincebefore1978XiaogangVillageisawell-known"three-reliantvillage"inthecountywhere"fooddependsonresale,moneydependsonrelief,andproductiondependsonloans".Almosteveryfamilygoesouttobegforfoodaftertheautumnharvesteveryyear.OnNovember24,1978,18farmersinXiaogangVillage,withthecouragetobethefirstintheworld,pressed18handprintsandsetupaproductionresponsibilitysystem,whichopenedthepreludetoChina'sruralreform.Perhapsitisacoincidenceofhistory-shortlyafterthesefarmerspressedtheirfingerprints,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasgrandlyopenedintheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.Ataseverehistoricaljunctureconcerningthecountry’sdestinyandfuture,China’stoppoliticiansandfarmersatthebottom,representedbyDengXiaoping,jointlyopenedanewpageinhistory.XiaogangVillagethusbecamethebirthplaceofChina'sruralreforms.EmancipatingtheMind
OnMay11,1978,thefrontpageof"GuangmingDaily"publishedaspecialcommentator'sarticle"PracticeistheOnlyStandardforTestingTruth",whichtriggeredanationwideeventabouttruth.Bigdiscussionofstandardsissues.UndertheleadershipandsupportoftheoldergenerationofproletarianrevolutionariessuchasDengXiaoping,andrelyingontheclosecooperationoftheoreticalcircles,thepress,andcomradesengagedinpracticalwork,thisdiscussionfinallybrokethroughtheshacklesofthe"twowhatevers"andbecamethethirdpartyofthe11thParty.TheCentralPlenarySessionre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineandmadetheoreticalandpublicopinionpreparations,whichhadamajorandfar-reachinginfluenceinthehistoricalprocessofthepartyandthecountry.
TospeedupChina'seconomicdevelopment,wemustfurtheremancipateourminds,acceleratethepaceofreformandopeningup,andnotbeconstrainedbysomeabstractdisputesabout"society"and"capital".Inorderforsocialismtogaintheadvantagescomparedwithcapitalism,itmustboldlyabsorbandlearnfromalltheadvancedmanagementmethodsandmanagementmethodsthatreflectthegenerallawsofmodernsocializedproductionandcommodityeconomyfromallcountriesintheworld,includingdevelopedcapitalistcountries.Foreigncapital,resources,technology,talents,andtheprivateeconomyasausefulsupplementshouldandcanbeusedbysocialism.Thegovernmentisinthehandsofthepeopleandthereisastrongpubliceconomy.Thiswillnotharmsocialism,butwillonlybenefitthedevelopmentofsocialism.
DengXiaopingandthesuccessorsofhisideasandotherreformistshavewithstoodtheattacksfromdomesticconservativesandsuccessfullysetreformandopeningupasoneofthecornerstonesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina’spolicy,irreversiblyBringChinaintotheworldeconomyandcloselyintegratewiththeworldeconomy.From1978to2000,thePeople’sRepublicofChinawentfromacountrywith200millionpeoplelivingbelowthepovertylineandisolatedfromtherestoftheworldtoaprosperousandpowerfuleconomywithanactivemarket.1/5ofthepoorpopulation.Chinaisalsoadvancingrapidlyontheroadtoindustrialization,becomingthenewworldfactory.Chinahassuccessfullyrealizedthetransformationfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomy.Theoutputvalueoftheprivateeconomyhassurpassedthestate-ownedeconomyintotal,andhasbecomeanimportantdrivingforceforChina'seconomicgrowth.TheintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasalsobecomeanimportantwayforChina'seconomicgrowth.Chinahasattractedthelargestamountofforeigninvestmentintheworld(theintroductionoffundsfromHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanisalsocountedasforeigninvestment).
TheideologyofChinesesocietyhasalsobeguntochange.People’sviewshavegraduallydiversified,andthephenomenonof"Internetpublicopinion"hasemergedinlargenumbers.MostChinesepeoplepreferpeaceful,stableandrapideconomicdevelopment,ratherthanwillingToomanycommentsonideologyandpartypolitics.Regardingfreedomofspeech,exceptforincitingtooverthrowstatepower,underminingsocialstability,leakingstatesecrets,instigatingethniccontradictions,spreadingsecession,propagatingcults,andfeudalsuperstitions,otherspeechesarestillprohibited.Twogenerationsofleaders,JiangZeminandHuJintao,inheritedDengXiaoping'slineofreformandopeningup.JiangZemin's"ThreeRepresents"andHuJintao's"HarmoniousSociety"and"ScientificOutlookonDevelopment"furtherinterpret"SocialismwithChineseCharacteristics."
PolicyFormation
Vuonna 1978 puolueen yhdestoista keskuskomitean kolmas täysistunto teki suuren päätöksen uudistuksen täytäntöönpanosta ja avaamisesta.
In1979,thePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilapprovedGuangdongandFujiantoimplement"specialpoliciesandflexiblemeasures"inforeigneconomicactivities,anddecidedtopilotspecialeconomiczonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,andShantou.GuangdongProvincebecameoneofthefirstprovincesinthecountrytoopentotheoutsideworld.OnApril13,1988,theSeventhNationalPeople'sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,establishingtheHainanSpecialEconomicZone.ThesuccessfulestablishmentofspecialeconomiczonessuchasShenzhenhasaccumulatedexperienceforfurtheropeningupandhasstronglypromotedtheprocessofChina'sreform,openingupandmodernization.
AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteein1978,thenationaleconomyenteredaperiodofadjustment.InSeptember1979,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteepassedthe"DecisiononSeveralIssuesConcerningAcceleratingAgriculturalDevelopment",allowingfarmerstoensuretheiroperationalautonomyandgivefullplaytotheirproductionenthusiasmundertheguidanceofthenationalunifiedplan,adaptingmeasurestotimeandlocalconditions.
OnAugust18,1980,DengXiaopingdeliveredaspeechentitled"ReformofthePartyandStateLeadershipSystem"attheenlargedmeetingofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,whichpointedoutthedirectionforthereformofChina'spoliticalsysteminthenewera.
InSeptember1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaissued"SeveralIssuesRegardingFurtherStrengtheningandImprovingtheAgriculturalProductionResponsibilitySystem",whichaffirmedthesocialistnatureofcontractingproductiontohouseholds.
Bythebeginningof1983,theruralhouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystemwithjointoutputwaspromotednationwide.
InApril1984,theCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncildecidedtofurtheropenupthe14citiesofDalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,andBeihai.Portcity.Graduallyestablisheconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones.
InOctober1984,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheTwelfthCentralCommitteeofthePartysystematicallyproposedandclarifiedaseriesofmajortheoreticalandpracticalissuesinthereformoftheeconomicsystem,confirmingthatChina’ssocialisteconomyisbasedonpublicownership.Theplannedcommodityeconomyisaprogrammaticdocumentforcomprehensiveeconomicsystemreform.Thereformofthepoliticalsystemandthereformoftheeconomicsystemarebasicallycarriedoutsimultaneously.
1980-luvun puolivälissä uudistukset eri aloilla, mukaan lukien tieteen ja teknologian, koulutuksen ja kulttuurin aloilla Kiinassa.
Since1985,economicopenzoneshavebeenopenedupintheYangtzeRiverDelta,thePearlRiverDelta,SoutheasternFujianandtheBohaiRim.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZonewasaddedin1988,makingHainanthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.
Vuonna 1990 puolueen keskuskomitea ja osavaltioneuvosto tekivät päätöksen Kiinan taloudellisen kehityksen pitkän aikavälin strategian kehittämiseksi ja avaamiseksi Pudongin uuteen alueeseen.
Avaamiskuvio
I.Kiinan avauskuvio
Kiinan avausvaihe on kehitetty rannikolta sisämaahan, muodostaen erityisen talousalueen-rannikkoalueiden-rannikkotalouspeenaarien-sisämaan, kutenkaikkipuolisen, monitasoisen, laaja-alaisenavaamisen.
Toinen, Kiinan 6 erityistalousaluetta
Shenzhen (327,5 neliökilometriä)
ZhuhaiCity (121 neliökilometriä)
XiamenCity (131 neliökilometriä)
ShantouCity (2064 neliökilometriä)
Hainanin saari (33 920 neliökilometriä)
Kashgar
Shenzhenhasbuiltamodernandprosperouscityinjustafewyearsafteritwasopenedasaspecialeconomiczone.IthasbecomearepresentativeofChina'sspecialeconomiczoneandisknownasthe"window"ofChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworld.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZoneistheonlyprovincial-levelspecialeconomiczoneinthecountryandthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.OnApril13,1988,thefirstsessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople’sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,delineatingHainanIslandastheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,implementingamoreopenandflexiblesystemandpoliciesthanotherspecialeconomiczonesinChina,andauthorizingtheHainangovernmenttochangeGreatautonomy.
3.Kiinan avoimet satamat
Satamaraportit, lentokentät, asemat, kulkuväylät jne. ihmisille, tavaroilleja ajoneuvoille maahantuloon.Portit on jaettu ensimmäisen luokan satamiin ja toisen luokan satamiin.
1.ClassIports:
ClassIportsrefertoportsapprovedtoopenbytheStateCouncil(includingcentrallymanagedportsandsomeportsmanagedbyprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment);ClassIIPortsrefertoportsapprovedtobeopenedandmanagedbytheprovincialpeople'sgovernment;
2.ClassIIports:
1.Relyingonotherportstosendpeopletotheloadingandunloadingpoints,startingpoints,anddeliverypointsofforeigntradetransportationofnationalvesselsforentryandexitinspectionprocedures;
2.Portsforbordersmall-scaletradeandpersonnelexchangeswithlocalgovernmentsofneighboringcountries;
3.Sisäänpääsy- ja sisäänpääsyportit on rajoitettu raja-asukkaille.
Kiinassa on kolme päätyyppiä ulkomaailmaan avautuvia satamia, nimittäin vesi- (meri)satamia, maasatamia (rautatie-, julkisia) ja lentosatamia (lentoasema).
Lentokenttä:
Lhasa,Tianjin,Dalian,Shenyang,Changchun,Mudanjiang,Hangzhou,Fuzhou,Qingdao
Wuhan,Shenzhen,Meizhou,Sanya,Hailar,Nanchang,Guiyang,Shantou,HarbinWuyiMountain,Luoyang,Hohhot,Hefei,Changsha,Zhangjiajie,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang
Haikou,Nanning,Chengdu,Kunming,Shijiazhuang,Xi’an,Lanzhou,Wenzhou,Guilin,Beihai,Chongqing,Xishuangbanna,Urumqi,Qiqihar,Jiamusi,Jinan,Yantai
KashgarYanji,Shanghai,Ningbo,Huangshan,Xiamen,Weihai,Yichang,Yinchuan,Beijing,Nanjing
Rutatasatama:
Tumen,Dongguan,Guangzhou,Hekou,Dandong,Suifenhe,Pingxiang,Alashankou,Manzhouli,Shenzhen,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Hunchun,Ji’an,Erenhot,Harbin,Zhengzhou
HighwayPort:
QuanheHuanggangDongningWenjinduHengqinYouyiguanShuikouRuiliwandingGanqimaoRoadLinjiangNanpingMishanJilongTurgateShatoujiaoGongbeiRiverSourceDongxingJinshuiRiverCamphorTreePulanHongqiLapuHorgosMazongMountainSanheHunchunMohanTianbaotaKeshikenArihasatKaishantunMengdingTengchongYierkeshitanmuzhaltDuratabaktujimuNaiaheitubek,Hongshanzui,WulastaiLaoyeTemple,CekezhuengadabuqisuifenheLongbangAlashankou
TenCombinations
Sincethereformandopeningup,ourpartyandthecountryWhileachievingworld-renownedachievementsinsocialistmodernization,ithascreatedandaccumulatedawealthofpracticalexperience.Basedonthesummaryoftheexperienceofreformandopeningupatthe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyHowcanalargedevelopingcountrywithmorethanonebillionpeoplegetridofpoverty,acceleratetherealizationofmodernization,consolidateanddevelopsocialism,sumupthevaluableexperienceofthe"tencombinations"inanall-roundandvigorousmanner.
ThefirstcombinationisthatChina’sreformandopeningupcansucceed,thekeyisnottolosethe"oldancestors",butalsotodevelopthe"oldancestors";notonlycontinuetocreatenewprospectsforcareerdevelopment,butalsocontinuetoopenupThenewrealmofMarxisttheory.Thiscombinationhaspromotedtheliberationofpeople'sideasandsocialproductiveforces.
ThesecondcombinationisthatChinesesocialismcanshowvigorandvitalityinthenewerabecauseitisasocialismthatimplementsreformandopeningup;thereasonwhyChina’sreformandopeningupcandevelophealthilyliesinItisconducivetotheconsolidationanddevelopmentofsocialistreformandopeningup.Thiscombinationhascreatedatrulyactivesocialismandcreatedasocialismthatwillfurtherbenefitthepeople.
Thethirdcombinationisthatinthereformandopeningup,wenotonlyrelyonthestrongleadershipofthepartyandthegovernment,butalsorespectthegrassrootspeople,especiallythelocalreforminitiative.SuchacombinationenablesChinatoeffectivelymaintaintheharmonyandunityofthecountryandtheintegrationofsocietyunderthecircumstanceofdiversifiedinterestscausedbyreformandopeningup.
Thefourthcombinationisthatthenewsystemofsocialistmarketeconomy,asanunprecedentedinitiative,iscloselyconnectedwiththebasicsystemofsocialism.Thiscombinationmakesthesocialistmarketeconomyasystemmodelthatnotonlyconformstothegeneralrequirementsofthemarketeconomy,butalsoconformstothenatureanddirectionofsocialism.
Thefifthcombinationisthatweattachimportancetobotheconomicsystemreformandthesuperstructurereformincludingpoliticalsystemreform;andinadvancingthepoliticalsystemreform,theexpansionofdemocracyiscombinedwiththeimprovementofthelegalsystem.Combined.Thiscombinationhascreatedapoliticalsystemmodelthathasboththeadvantagesofdemocracyandcentralism.
Thesixthcombinationisthat,intheprocessofreform,openingupandmodernization,Chinanotonlyattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"materials",thatis,thedevelopmentofsocialproductivity,butalsoattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"people",thatis,theimprovementofthecivilizedqualityofthewholepeople..Suchacombinationunitestheoveralldevelopmentofhumanbeingswiththeoverallprogressofsocietyinthepracticeofmodernization.
Theseventhcombinationsaysthat,intheleadershipofreform,openingupandmodernization,thepartytimelycombinesthepromotionofdevelopmentandefficiencywiththeemphasisonsocialfairnessandthepromotionofsocialharmony.SuchacombinationnotonlykeepsChinesesocietyfullofcreativevitality,butalsohelpstoavoidpolarizationandachievecommonprosperity.
TheeighthcombinationsaysthatChina,alargedevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethanonebillion,cannotdevelopwithoutparticipatingineconomicglobalization,letaloneindependence.Thiscombinationenablesustomakegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresourcesatthesametime,andachievemutualbenefit,inclusiveness,andwin-winresultsinequalcompetitionthatseeksadvantagesandavoidsdisadvantages.
Theninthcombinationisthat,inthecourseofreformandopeningup,Chinapaysattentiontothecoordinationoftherelationshipbetweenreformintensity,developmentspeedandsocialaffordability,andtheimprovementofpeople’slivesisanimportantintegrationpointfordealingwiththerelationshipbetweenthesethree..Suchacombinationnotonlyavoidsthesevereeconomicrecessionandviolentsocialshocksthathaveoccurredinmanytransitionalcountries,butalsoenablestheresultsofreformanddevelopmenttotrulybenefitallpeople.
Thetenthcombinationsaysthatourpartycombinesthetransformationoftheobjectiveworldwiththetransformationofthesubjectiveworldtoprovideastrongpoliticalandorganizationalguaranteeforreform,openingup,andmodernization.ThiscombinationnotonlypromotesthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,butalsoadvancesthegreatnewprojectofpartybuilding,therebycontinuouslyimprovingtheparty'sleadership,governance,andabilitytoresistcorruptionandpreventdegeneration.
Tilastot
Manner-Kiinan bruttokansantuotteen luettelo vuodesta 1980 vuoteen 2010 (muunnettu Yhdysvaltain dollareiksikansainvälisissä pörsseissä), otettu maailmanpankkitietokannasta
(Huomaa:Koska Manner-Kiina otti käyttöön vaihtosäätimiä. RMB-arvo laski jyrkästi 1980-luvun puolivälissä, vuodesta 1976 lähtien, kun BKT muutettiin Yhdysvaltain dollareiksi, arvo laski)
| > 1973 | > 7,8 % | ||
1974 | > 2,3 % | ||
1975 | > 8,7 % | ||
1976 | > -1,6 % | ||
1977 | > 7,6 % | ||
1978 | > 365 miljardia | > 11,7 % | > 17 % |
1979 | > 4068 miljardia | > 7,6 % | > 18 % |
1980 | 184 516 266 711 | > 7,8 % | > 20 % |
1981 | 194 111 112 580 | > 5,2 % | > 21 % |
1982 | 203 183 214 982 | > 8,9 % | > 22 % | tr>
1983 | 228 455 947 880 | > 10,8 % | > 22 % |
1984 | 257 432 147 241 | > 15,1 % | > 23 % |
1985 | 306 666 660 698 | > 13,4 % | > 24 % |
1986 | 297 831 879 942 | > 8,9 % | > 25 % | tr>
1987 | 270 372 194 997 | > 11,7 % | > 26 % |
1988 | 309 522 625 242 | > 11,2 % | > 27 % |
1989 | 343 973 680 226 | > 4,2 % | > 27 % |
1990 | 356 936 901 184 | > 3,9 % | > 28 % |
1991 | 379 468 656 246 | > 9,3 % | > 29 % |
1992 | 422 660 918 111 | > 14,2 % | > 30 % |
1993 | 440 500 898 965 | > 13,9 % | > 30 % |
1994 | 559 224 707 281 | > 13,1 % | > 31 % |
1995 | 728 007 199 936 | > 10,9 % | > 32 % | tr>
1996 | 856 084 729 312 | > 9,9 % | > 33 % |
1997 | 952 652 693 079 | > 9,2 % | > 34 % |
1998 | 1 019 458 585 326 | > 7,8 % | > 35 % |
1999 | 1 083 277 930 360 | > 7,7 % | > 36 % |
| > 2000 | 1 198 474 934 199 | > 8,5 % | > 37 % |
2001 | 1 324 806 914 358 | > 8,3 % | > 38 % |
2002 | 1 453 827 554 714 | > 9,1 % | > 39 % |
2003 | 1 640 958 732 775 | > 10,0 % | > 39 % |
2004 | 1 931 644 331 142 | > 10,1 % | > 40 % |
| > 2005 | 2 256 902 590 825 | > 11,4 % | > 41 % |
| > 2006 | 2 712 950 886 698 | > 12,7 % | > 42 % |
2007 | 3 494 055 944 791 | > 14,2 % | > 43 % |
2008 | 4 521 827 288 304 | > 9,7 % | > 44 % |
2009 | 4 991 256 406 735 | > 9,4 % | > 45 % |
| > 2010 | 5 926 612 009 750 | > 10,6 % | > 50 % |
| > 2011 | 484124 miljardia | > 9,5 % | > 51 % |
| > 2012 | 534123 miljardia | > 7,9 % | > 52 % |
2013 | 588019 miljardia | > 7,8 % | > 53 % |
| > 2014 | 635910 miljardia | > 7,3 % | > 54 % |
| > 2015 | 676708 miljardia | > 6,9 % | > 56 % |
| > 2016 | > 74 biljoonaa | > 6,7 % | > 57 % |
2017 | > 82 biljoonaa | > 6,9 % | > 57 % |
Nykyiset ongelmat
Viimeisen 40 vuoden aikanaKiinan uudistus ja aloitusvaihe on tehnyt suuria saavutuksia. Samaan aikaan on olemassa todellistahuipputason suunnittelun puute,huipputason suunnittelunpuute. uudistus- ja avaustoimenpiteiden integrointi kaikissa näkökohdissa. Uudistuksen edistäminen avaamalla onmaani uudistuksen ja avaamisen peruskokemus. Nämä menestyksen salaisuudet otettiin käyttöön ulkoisen valvonnan ja valtionhallinnon valvonnassaintegroimalla aktiivisesti markkinoiden tehostamiseen. .Viimeisten 40 vuoden aikana ei kuitenkaan makro-keskitasolla eikä mikrotasollaulkoista valvontaa, joka on luotu uudistuksilla vainulkoinen. Valvonnan pääosa varmistaa tietyssä määrin vain kuvernöörin ruumiillistuma, eikä se ei ole vainmaani yleinen ohjelma, joka avautuu ulkomaailmaan, vaan myös yleinen avain perusteellisesti syventyviin uudistuksiin. Integroitumalla kansainväliseen hallintoon ja kehittämällä valtion omistamien yritysten kansainvälistä omaisuusoikeusyhteistyötä,toteutus estä itsehallintoa"lyhytnäköisten"markkinoiden hajoaminenjanoudattaa"neljää perusperiaatetta".maani taloushallinto,kansallinen hallinto ja sosiaalihallinto ovat edelleen ottaneet käyttöönvalvontaelintenvalvontaelinten taloudellinen normaali ja"joukko"uudistukset,on kiireellisesti vahvistamaan "BeltandRoad"-strategian johtaman uuden avoimen talousjärjestelmän rakentamista ja edistämään kattavasti muotoa ja eri alojen kehitystä Kiinassa, erityisesti tarjontapuolen uudistusta.
State-ownedenterprisereform
Inthestate-ownedenterprisereform,alargenumberofenterprisebankruptciesandmanagerialpersonnelembezzlementofstate-ownedassetshaveoccurred.Somestate-ownedenterpriseshavebeenacquiredbymanagers,resultinginalargenumberofworkersbeinglaidoff.
Educationreform
Aftertheuniversity’sexpansionin1998,becauseChinaisinthesecondaryindustryandlabor-intensiveindustries,themarketdemandedalargenumberofworkersinsteadofcollegestudentsandskilledworkers.Alargenumberofuniversitygraduatesareunemployed.Inaddition,afterthereformandopeningup,duetotheweakeconomicstrengthofthecentralandwesternregions,alargenumberofexcellentteachersflowedtotheeasterncoastalareas.
HousingReform
Theabolitionofwelfarehousingallocationinthemid-1990s,China'scommercialhousingmarketbegantodeveloprapidly.Withthetaxreformin1993,thecentralgovernmentcollected70%oflocaltaxes,butexpendituresforcompulsoryeducation,infrastructure,andmedicalcarewerestilllocal,andthelocalgovernmentscouldonlyrelyonalargenumberofauctionsoflandtomakeupfortheirfinancialshortfalls.Duetotheinfluxoflandfinanceandbankfunds,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed.
Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor
AccordingtotheBritishReutersreport,theNationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaannouncedthatChina’sGinicoefficientreached0.474in2012and0.491in2008.Sincethereformandopeningup,China’sGDPhasexperiencedexplosivegrowth,buttheproportionofwagesinGDPhasbeendeclining,from56.18%in1985to43.12%in2007,adeclinefor22consecutiveyears.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorledtomanymassincidents,suchastheWeng'anincidentinGuizhouandtheZhiliincidentinHuzhou.
>Muistoesineet
1978–2018, yhteensä 40 vuotta.
Muistoesineet (7 kuvaa)
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteewasheldin1978December18,1978Onthe22nd,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartywasheldinBeijing.Themeetingmadethedecisiontoshiftthefocusofworktosocialistmodernizationandimplementreformandopeningup;re-establishtheMarxistideological,political,andorganizationalline,andourcountryhasenteredaneweraofsocialistmodernization.
2.Erityistalousalueiden perustaminen vuonna 1979
OnJuly15,1979,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedtheThereportontheimplementationofspecialpoliciesandflexiblemeasuresforeconomicactivitiesdecidedtosetuppilotspecialzonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamen.OnAugust13,theStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonSeveralIssuesConcerningVigorouslyDevelopingForeignTradeandIncreasingForeignExchangeIncome".Themaincontentistoexpandtheforeigntradeauthorityoflocalitiesandenterprises,encourageincreasedexports,andsetupexportspecialzones.OnMay16,1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedthe"MinutesoftheMeetingofGuangdongandFujianProvinces"andnamedthem"SpecialEconomicZones."
3.Kotitaloussopimusvastuujärjestelmän perustaminen vuonna 1982
OnJanuary1,1982,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaapprovedandapprovedthe"MinutesoftheNationalRuralWorkConference",Pointedoutthatthevariousresponsibilitysystemsimplementedinruralareas,includingfixed-rateremunerationforsmall-scalecontracting,professionalcontractingandco-productionremuneration,co-productiontolabor,contractingtohouseholds,andgroups,etc.,aretheproductionresponsibilitysystemofthesocialistcollectiveeconomy;1983ThecentralgovernmentissuedadocumentstatingthatthejointproductioncontractsystemisagreatcreationofChinesefarmersundertheleadershipoftheparty,andanewdevelopmentoftheMarxistagriculturalco-operativetheoryinChina'spractice.
4.Suunniteltu hyödyketalous vuonna 1984
OnOctober20,1984,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe12thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.Themeetingunanimouslyadoptedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonEconomicSystemReform",whichclearlystatedthatthefurtherimplementationofthepolicyofinvigoratingtheeconomyinternallyandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,andacceleratingthepaceoftheentireeconomicsystemreformfocusingoncitiesisthedevelopmentofthecurrentsituationinChina.urgentneed.ThebasictaskofreformistoestablishasocialisteconomicsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,fullofvigorandvitality,andtopromotethedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
5.1986Koko ihmisten omistamat yrityksetUudelleenkäynnistetty
December5,1986,TheStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonDeepeningEnterpriseReformandEnhancingEnterpriseVitality."The"Regulations"proposethatsmallenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplecanactivelytryoutleasingandcontractingoperations.Largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplemustimplementvariousformsofoperatingresponsibilitysystems.Localitiescanchooseafewqualifiedlargeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeopletoconductjoint-stockpilotprojects.
6.Vuonna 1987 ehdotettiin "yhden keskuksen, kahden peruspisteen" peruslinjaa
October25th-November1st,1987,ChinaThe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartywasheld.ZhaoZiyangmadeareporton"AlongtheRoadofSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics".Thereportelaboratedonthetheoryoftheprimarystageofsocialismandproposedtheparty’sbasiclineof"onecenterandtwobasicpoints"intheprimarystageofsocialism:economicconstructionasthecenter,fourbasicprinciplesasthefoundationofthecountry,andreformandopeningupasthefoundation.Theroadtoastrongcountry.Ithasformulatedathree-stepdevelopmentstrategytoachievemodernizationbythemiddleofthenextcentury,andputforwardthetaskofreformingthepoliticalsystem.
7.Vuonna 1988 ehdotettiin "Tiede ja teknologia ovat ensisijaiset tuotantovoimat"
DengXiaopingmetwithCzechoslovakPresidentHusakonSeptember5,1988,Putforwardthefamousthesisthat"scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces".OnMarch13,1985,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinamadethe"DecisionontheReformoftheScienceandTechnologySystem."The"Decision"pointedoutthatmodernscienceandtechnologyarethemostactiveanddecisivefactorinthenewsocialproductiveforces,andthewholepartymustattachgreatimportancetoandgivefullplaytothetremendousroleofscienceandtechnology.Atthesametime,themaintasksofthecurrentscientificandtechnologicalsystemreformarestipulated.
8.Sosialistisen markkinatalousjärjestelmän uudistustavoitteen perustaminen vuonna 1992
October12-18,1992,the14thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaThecongresswasheldinBeijing.JiangZeminmadeareporton"Acceleratingthepaceofreform,openingup,andmodernization,andwinninggreatervictoriesinthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics."Thereportsummarized14yearsofpracticalexperiencesincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,anddecidedtoseizetheopportunitytoacceleratedevelopment;determinedthatthegoalofChina’seconomicsystemreformwastoestablishasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;andproposedusingComradeDengXiaopingtobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Armthewholeparty.TheCongresspassedthe"ConstitutionoftheCommunistPartyofChina(Amendment)",whichincludedthetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandtheparty'sbasiclineintothepartyconstitution.Forthefirsttimeintheparty'shistory,thegoalmodelforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasclearlyputforward.
9. Perustettu vuonna 1993ModernEnterpriseSystem
FromNovember11toNovember14,1993,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofaSocialistMarketEconomicSystem."Theplenumpointedoutthatthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemisintegratedwiththebasicsocialistsystem.
10.Vero- ja verojärjestelmän uudistus vuonna 1993
Valtioneuvosto teki 15. joulukuuta 1993 päätöksen veronjakoveronhallintajärjestelmän täytäntöönpanosta. Valtioneuvosto teki 25. joulukuuta 1993"päätöksen rahoitusjärjestelmän uudistuksesta".
11.1994Kattava ulkomaankauppajärjestelmän uudistus
OnJanuary11,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheForeignTradeSystem",PutsforwardthatthegoalsofChina’sforeigntradesystemreformare:unifiedpolicies,openoperations,equalcompetition,self-financing,integrationofindustryandtrade,theimplementationofanagencysystem,andtheestablishmentofanoperatingmechanismthatadaptstotheprevailingrulesoftheinternationaleconomy.
12.Lääketieteellinen ja asuntomarkkinasuuntautuneita uudistuksia toteutettiin vuosina 1992 ja 1994
In1985,underthebackgroundofChina’sreformandopeningup,themedicalandhealthsystemAlsostartedtheprocessofreform.Thecoreideaofthemedicalreformistodecentralizepowerandtransferprofitsandexpandtheautonomyofhospitals.Thegovernment'sattitudetowardsthehealthcarereformis:givenomoneytothepolicy.Itspolicyisthatthepriceofmedicinescanbeincreasedby15%tomakeupforthelackofgovernmentinput.Inthe1990s,medicalreformmadewavesagain.InSeptember1992,theMinistryofHealth,basedontheopinionoftheStateCouncil,proposedthathospitalsshould"helpdoctorswithwork"and"subsidizethechiefwithdeputy."In2000,thereformgraduallydevelopedindepth,touchingondeep-seatedissuessuchassystem,mechanism,andstructure.InMarch2000,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"GuidingOpinionsontheReformoftheUrbanMedicalandHealthSystem"oftheeightministriesandcommissions,commonlyknownasthe"14Articles"ofthemedicalreform;inMay2001,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"RegulationsontheRuralMedicalandHealthSystemGuidingOpinionsonReform.
13.Asuntomarkkinoiden uudistus
OnJuly18,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystem",clarifyingthebasiccontentofthereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,includingtheThemethodofdistributionwaschangedtoamonetarywagedistributionbasedondistributionaccordingtowork,theestablishmentofahousingprovidentfundsystem,andsoon.Thepromulgationofthe"Decision"openedthedoortothecommercializationofurbanhousing,markingtheestablishmentofChina'scomprehensivehousingmarketizationreform.Itsgreatestsignificanceistosteadilypromotethesaleofpublichousing.Throughthesaleoforiginalpublichousingtourbanemployees,ithasgraduallycompletedTheprocessofprivatizationofhousinginChina.OnJuly3,1998,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystemandSpeedingupHousingConstruction."Itispreciselybecausethisdocumentabolishedthesystemofphysicaldistributionofhousingandclearedout"competitors"forthedevelopmentofcommercialhousing,therebyestablishingthemarket'sdominantpositionofcommercialhousing.
14.Vuonna 1995 "kaksi perustavanlaatuista muutosta" ehdotettiin
September25-28,1995,theFifthMiddleSchoolofthe14thCCPTheplenarymeetingwasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"RecommendationsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheNinthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandLong-TermGoalsfor2010."The"Proposal"putsforwardthatthekeytoachievingtheNinthFive-YearPlanandthe2010long-termgoalsistoimplementtwofundamentalchangesofoverallsignificance.Oneisthetransformationoftheeconomicsystemfromatraditionalplannedeconomicsystemtoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;Themodeofeconomicgrowthhaschangedfromextensivetointensive.
15.Valuuttakurssien hallintajärjestelmässä saavutettiin merkittävää edistystä vuonna 1996
OnDecember1,1996,ChinabegantoacceptArticle8oftheInternationalMonetaryFundAgreement,ImplementtheconvertibilityofRMBunderthecurrentaccount.
16.Kiinan kommunistisen puolueen 15. kansallinen kongressi ehdotti vuonna 1997 puolueen perusohjelmaa sosialismin päävaiheessa
9,1997From12thto18th,the15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.ItsystematicallyandcompletelyputforwardanddiscussedtheParty’sbasicprogramintheprimarystageofsocialism:buildingasocialisteconomywithChinesecharacteristicsistobuildasocialisteconomy.Undertheconditionsofsocialism,developamarketeconomyandcontinuouslyliberateanddevelopproductiveforces;tobuildasocialistpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsistogovernthecountrybylawanddevelopsocialistdemocraticpoliticsundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandonthebasisofthepeoplebeingthemastersofthecountry;buildingasocialistdemocraticpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsThesocialistcultureisguidedbyMarxism,withthegoalofcultivatingideal,ethical,educated,anddisciplinedcitizens,anddevelopingasocialistcultureofthemassesthatismodernized,world-oriented,andfuture-oriented,nationalandscientific..ThismeetingincorporatedDengXiaopingTheoryastheparty'sguidingideologyintothepartyconstitution.
17.Vuonna 1999 kävi selväksi, että talouden ei-julkinen sektori on tärkeä osa sosialistista markkinataloutta
Thereportofthe"15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina"wasfirstproposedin1997"Thenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofthesocialistmarketeconomy."
March5-15,1999,theSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongresswasheldinBeijing.ThemeetingpassedanamendmenttotheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,clarifyingthatthenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofChina'ssocialistmarketeconomyandhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
18.Vuonna 1999 ehdotettuLänsi-kehitysstrategia
22. maaliskuuta 1999 "State Council"Useita lausuntoja suuren mittakaavan kehityksestä" esitti kymmenen lausuntoa läntisen alueen laajamittaisen kehityksen edistämiseksi.
19.Vuonna 2001 Kiinasta tuli virallisesti WTO:n jäsen
OnNovember11,2001,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)washeldinDoha,Qatar.TheFourthMinisterialConferencepassedthelegaldocumentofChina'saccessiontotheWTO,whichmarkedthatafter15yearsofhardwork,ChinafinallybecameanewmemberoftheWTO.ItmarksthatChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworldhasenteredanewstage.
20.Kiinan kommunistisen puolueen 16. kansallinen kongressi vahvisti vuonna 2002 kokonaisvaltaisen rakentamisenhyvä yhteiskunnan ulkopuolellaYhteiskunnan taistelutavoite
The16thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaisbasedonthefoundationthatChinahassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingandthatthepeople’slivingstandardshavereachedawell-offlevel.Itfurtherputforwardtheconceptofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Awell-offsocietywithahigherlevelofpopulationwillmaketheeconomymoredeveloped,democracymoresound,scienceandeducationmoreadvanced,culturemoreprosperous,societymoreharmonious,andpeople'slivesmoresubstantial.Atthismeeting,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"waswrittenintothepartyconstitutionastheparty'sguidingideology.
21.Vuonna 2003 elävöitti Koillis-vanhat alueetIndustrialBaseStrategyProposed
2003OnSeptember10,theexecutivemeetingoftheStateCouncilstudiedandimplementedthestrategyforrevitalizingthenortheastandotheroldindustrialbases,andputforwardtheguidingideology,principles,tasks,andpolicymeasuresforrevitalizingthenortheast.
22.Vuonna 2004 "Yhdeksän valtion artiklaa"pääomamarkkinoiden kehityksen edistämiseksi otettiin käyttöön
OnJanuary31,2004,the"StateCouncil’sRegardingPromotingtheReformandOpeningofCapitalMarketSeveralOpinionsonEconomicandStableDevelopmentwereissued,clearlystatingthatvigorouslydevelopingthecapitalmarketisofgreatsignificancetoChina’sstrategicgoalofquadruplingthenationaleconomyinthefirst20yearsofthe21stcentury.
23.Vuonna 2004 valtion omistamat liikepankit toteuttivat osakeuudistuksia
BankofChinaCo.,Ltd.jaChinaConstructionBankCo.,Ltd.pidettiin 26. elokuuta 2004.Päivänä ja syyskuun 21. päivänä perustettiin.Kaksi koko valtion omistamaa liikepankkia rakennettiin valtion hallitsemiksi yhteispankkiyhtiöiksi.
24.Yksityisen omaisuuden suojelu sisällytettiin perustuslakiin vuonna 2004
OnMarch14,2004,thefourthsessionoftheSecondSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresswasdeliberatedandapprovedTheconstitutionalamendment,"citizens'lawfulprivatepropertyshallnotbeviolated","thestaterespectsandprotectshumanrights"andothercontentsarewrittenintotheconstitution.Itmeetstheobjectiveneedsofprotectingprivateproperty,expandsthescopeofprotectionofprivateproperty,andfurtherimprovestheprivatepropertyprotectionsystem.Strengtheningtheprotectionofcitizens’legalprivatepropertyisconducivetoupholdingandimprovingthebasiceconomicsystem,andpromotingthedevelopmentofnon-publicownershipoftheeconomy;conducivetoguaranteeingtherealizationofcitizens’rightsandadvancingtheruleoflaw;conducivetomobilizingtheenthusiasmandcreativityofthebroadmassesofpeopleinacomprehensivemannerBuildawell-offsociety.
25. Vuoden 2005 maatalouden verosäännökset kumottiin
OnDecember29,2005,theNineteenthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"RegardingtheRepeal"DecisionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonAgriculturalTaxRegulations",thenewChina'sagriculturaltaxregulationsthathavebeenimplementedfornearly50yearshavebeenabolishedinaccordancewiththelaw,andataxthathaslastedformorethantwothousandyearsinChinahascometoanend.
26.Vuonna 2005 ehdotettiin uuden sosialistisen maan rakentamista.NewsosialistcountrysideTärkeä historiallinen tehtävä
2005OnOctober11,2005,theFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinapassedthe"ProposalsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment",whichclarifiedthegoalsandactionsforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Theprogramputsforwardthemajorhistoricaltaskofbuildinganewsocialistcountryside,andpointsoutthedirectionfordoingthe"threerural"workwellatpresentandforaperiodoftimeinthefuture.
27.Vuonna 2005Osakekaupan uudistusKoekäynnistetty
ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,ChinaOnApril29,2005,theChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionissuedthe"NoticeonIssuesConcerningthePilotReformoftheEquityDivisionReformofListedCompanies",announcingthelaunchofthepilotprogramforthenon-tradableequityreform.
28.Madein2006Sosialistisen harmonisen yhteiskunnan rakentaminenSuurpäätökset
October2006TheSixthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldfrom8to11passedthe"DecisionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralMajorIssuesinBuildingaHarmoniousSocialistSociety."Forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofourparty,"improvingtheabilitytobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety"isclearlyproposedasanimportantaspectoftheparty'sabilitytogovern.ThepropositionofthisimportantconclusionisanimportantenrichmentanddevelopmentofMarxisttheory,anditisanothertheoreticalsublimationofourpartyonwhatissocialismandhowtobuildsocialism.
29.Vuonna 2007"omaisuuslaki"julkaistiin
"Kiinan kansantasavallan omaisuuslaki" julkaistiinSe hyväksyttiin 10. kansallisen kansankongressin viidennessä istunnossa 16. maaliskuuta 2007, ja se tuli voimaan 1. lokakuuta 2007.
30.ScientificOutlookDevelopment kirjoitettiin puolueen perustuslakiin vuonna 2007
Thescientificoutlookondevelopment,itsconnotationisacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoutlook,whichisrightTheinheritanceanddevelopmentoftheimportantthoughtsondevelopmentofthethreegenerationsofthecentralleadershipcollectiveofthepartyisaconcentratedexpressionoftheMarxistworldviewandmethodologyondevelopment,andisinthesamelineasMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongThought,DengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"ScientifictheoriesthatkeeppacewiththetimesareanimportantguidingprincipleforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment,andamajorstrategicideathatmustbeadheredtoandimplementedtodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Incorporatingthescientificoutlookondevelopmentintothepartyconstitutionisthescientificpositioningofthescientificoutlookondevelopmentmadebythe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,anditisalsoanimportanthistoricalcontributionofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
Historiallinen solmu
DengXiaopingin vierailu Yhdysvaltoihin
OnJanuary1,1979,ChinaandtheUnitedStatesformallyestablisheddiplomaticrelations,28Afterdays,DengXiaopingwasinvitedtovisittheUnitedStates.ThisisthefirstvisitbyaChineseleadertotheUnitedStatesafterthefoundingofNewChina.
SpecialZoneShenzhen
InAugust1980,the18thmeetingoftheFifthNationalPeople’sCongressdecidedtoapprovetheestablishmentofShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamenproposedbytheStateCouncil.Specialeconomiczoneshavethusbegunaneweraofreformandopeningupincoastalcities.
14 rannikkoulottuvuutta
Vuonna 1984 CPCCentral Committeede päätti avata 14 rannikkosatamaa: Dalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuezhou,Guangzhou,Shannshan,Special,Znoreshamic,Zhanjiangithezoni,Beihaecon. etelään, ja tulla Kiinan eturintamaksi, joka avautuu ulkomaailmaan.
Perhesuunnittelun kansallinen peruskäytäntö
Asearlyas1957,ProfessorMaYinchu,thefirstpresidentofPekingUniversityinNewChina,recognizedChina’spopulationproblemandproposedInthenewpopulationtheory,hescreamed,"Controllingthepopulationisanurgentmatter."However,atthetime,someleadersofthecountrybelievedthat"Manypeoplemakethingseasier."Asaresult,"thewrongbatchofapersongavebirthtoseveralhundredmillionmore."In1980,thestateofficiallyestablished"familyplanning"asabasicnationalpolicy.
Hei, toveri Xiaoping
AttheNationalDayCeremonyin1984,peoplemayforgetthegrandmilitaryparadeorthesplendidfireworksshow,butpeoplewillnotforgettheparadeTheaspirationsoftheChinesepeoplefromthestudentsofPekingUniversity:"Hello,ComradeXiaoping."
Miljoona aseistariisuntaa
1985isChina's"disarmamentyear."TheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyhaslaidoff1millionemployeesandhasmaintainedworldpeacewithitsownpracticalactions.
ShanghaiPudong
TheShanghaiPudongEconomicDevelopmentZone,establishedin1990,hasdevelopedveryrapidly.Afterashortperiodof10years,ShanghaiPudonghasbecomeanothermajoreconomicandfinancialcenterofChina.
Xiaopingin eteläkierros
DengXiaopingin eteläinen kiertueShanghai on "eteläkiertueen puhe" (tunnetaan myös eteläpuheena)
AfterComradeXiaoping’ssoutherntour,ChinachangedInthepast,theformulationoftheestablishmentofaplannedcommodityeconomyformallyproposedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofasocialistmarketeconomy,bringingthereformtoanewroundofclimax.
50thAnniversaryoftheVictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
ChineseandJapaneseyouthsattheMemorialHalloftheChinesePeople'sWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
1995isthe50thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.ProgressiveyouthsfromJapanbroughtthousandsofpapercranesthatsymbolizedpeacetotheWarMemorialoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.Theydisplayedthebannerof"ChinaandJapanhavebeenfriendlyforgenerationsandwillneverfightagain"toexpresstheircommonyearningforpeace.
ThreeGorges-projekti
ThreeGorgesProject-RiverClosure
14.12.1994Three Gorges-hanke alkoi virallisesti. Siitä lähtienThree GorgesComprehensiveWater ConservancyProject,josta on tehty lähes 40 vuotta.
Peking-Kowloon Railway
OnNovember16,1995,theBeijing-KowloonRailwaywithatotallengthofmorethan2,500kilometerswasopenedtotraffic.DajingjiustartsfromBeijinginthenorth,andrunsthrough9provincesandcitiesinthesouthtoKowloon,creatingthefivehighestrailwayconstructionsinChina:thelongestroadconstructionatatime,themostinvestment,theshortestconstructionperiod,thelatesttechnologyandequipment,andthegeologyandtopographyoftheroute.Theconditionsarethemostcomplicated.
Palauta korkeakoulujen pääsykoejärjestelmä
In1977,therestorationofthecollegeentranceexaminationsysteminterruptedbytheCulturalRevolutionmadeChineseyoungpeoplewhohadbeendeprivedoftheiryouthfor10yearsrejoiced.Thisyear'scollegeentranceexaminationisheldinwinter.Itissaidthatbetween5.7millionand10millionpeoplesignedup.Intheend,273,000peoplewereadmittedacrossthecountry.The"GangofFour"theorythat"Iwouldratherhaveanuneducatedlaborerthananeducatedspiritualaristocrat"hasbecomealaughingstockinChinesehistory.
Ulkomalaiset ystävät oppivat kiinalaista kulttuuria
Afterthereformandopeningup,foreignfriendshavedevelopedakeeninterestinChineseculture.SomeofthempersonallycametoChinatotakeawalkandtakealook;somelearnedaboutChinathroughChinesebooksandfilms,andtheremarkableprogressofChina'stourismindustrybegantomovetowardsanewclimax.
Ikääntyneiden kunnioittamisen maa
Sofar,China’sagingpopulationhasreachedmorethan100million.Whethertheagingproblemcanbedealtwithwellisrelatedtothewell-beingofeveryfamily.EspeciallyaftertheimplementationofthefamilyplaninChina,eachcouplewillhaveonlyonechild,whichmeansthatafterafewyears,thenextgenerationofonlychildrenwhogrowupwillbearfourelderlypeopleineachfamily.Thiswillbecomeaserioussocialproblem.
SichuanNizhongBuddhist College
TheSichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege,whichwasbornintheautumnof1984,isthefirstinstitutionofhigherlearninginChinatotrainchildrentolearnmonks.AftertheCulturalRevolution,theChinesegovernmentimplementedthe"FreedomofReligiousBelief"stipulatedintheConstitution,andreligiousundertakingshavebeenextensivelyprotectedanddevelopedrapidly.
ProjectHope
Lapset, jotka ovat innokkaita lukemaan
15. huhtikuuta 1991 "Project Hope-HundredThe"Ten Thousand Love Action" on pantu täytäntöön, ja kaikki yhteiskunnan sektorit ovat lahjoittaneet rahaa ja materiaalia Hope-projektiin, ja hyväntekeväisyys on herättänyt ennennäkemättömän huomion.
FourthWorldConferenceonWomen
TheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomenwasheldinBeijinginthefallof1995.Inordertoachievethegoalofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,womenrepresentativesfromallcountriesfromthefivecontinentsoftheworldgatheredtogetherandpassedthe"BeijingDeclaration"and"PlatformofAction."
Seksivärinvaihdosta ja vartalotaidenäyttelystä puhumisesta
Ihmiskehon öljymaalaustyöt
ForChinesepeoplewhohavealwaysbeentaboototalkabout"sex",The"OilPaintingBodyArtExhibition"heldattheNationalArtMuseumofChinainBeijingin1988wasastrongpsychologicalshock.Thenumberofvisitorsin18daysexceeded200,000,whichwasthehighestnumberofvisitorsinthehistoryofthemuseum.
PekingPekingOperaTheatre meni Taiwanin esiintymiseen
AgroupphotoofMeiBaojiu,ShiHongtu,YangShaochunandMr.ZhangXueliang.
TheperformancetroupetoTaiwanformedbytheBeijingPekingOperaTheaterperformed14performancesinTaipeifromApril12toMay1,1993,whichcausedahugesensation.Mr.ZhangXueliang,whoisinhis90s,watchedthedramathreetimesandtookagroupphotowiththeactors.
Kiinan naisten lentopallojoukkue voitti mestaruuden ensimmäistä kertaa
InNovember1981,theChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthethirdWomen’sVolleyballWorldCupwithaseven-matchvictory.champion.ThisisthefirsttimethatChinahaswontheworldchampionshipinthethreemajorworldbasketball,volleyballandfootballgames.Sincethen,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhaswonrepeatedlyandwonthe"fiveconsecutivechampionships".
"ZeroBreakthrough"Olympic Gamesissa
23. olympialaiset
Atthe23rdOlympicGamesheldinLosAngeles,USAin1984,theChinesedelegationwon15goldmedals,eightsilvermedals,andninebronzemedals.ThisachievementbrokethesituationwhereChinahadneverwonagoldmedalintheOlympics,andwashailedasthe"zerobreakthrough"inthehistoryoftheChineseOlympics.
11thAsianGames
The11thAsianGamesisthefirstcomprehensiveinternationalsportscompetitionheldbyChina.ItwasheldinBeijingbetweenSeptemberandOctober1990.TheChinesesportsdelegationtoppedthelistwithatotalof341medals.
11. PanchenLama
OnJanuary12,1996,PresidentJiangZeminacceptedthegreetingsfromthe11thPanchenLamaandtheTashiLunpoMonasteryAppreciationGroup.The11thPanchenLamapresentedaHadatoChairmanJiang.Afterthedeathofthe10thPanchenLama,accordingtothecustomsofTibetanBuddhism,thecentralgovernmentestablishedaPanchenLama'sreincarnationgrouptosearchforthe11thPanchenLama.OnthemorningofNovember29,1995,infrontofthestatueofSakyamuniattheJokhangTemple,alotterywasheldforthegoldenvase,anditwasdeterminedthatGyaltsenNorbuwasthe11thPanchenErdeni.Inthemorning,theceremonywasheld.OnDecember8,asittingceremonywasheldatTashilhunpoMonasteryinXigaze.
Internethotwords
Kolme vallankumousta ja edistänyt sosialismia kiinalaisilla ominaisuuksilla, harmonista yhteiskuntaa ja Pekingin olympialaisia
Commemorativeactivities
Collectivelearning
The18thPolitburooftheCPCCentralCommitteeDecember31,2012afternoonCarryoutthesecondcollectivestudyonunswervinglyadvancingreformandopeningup.Whenpresidingoverthestudy,XiJinping,thegeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,emphasizedthatreformandopeningupisalong-term,arduous,andarduousundertakingthatmustbecarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Wemustadheretothereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,adheretothebasicnationalpolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworld,usegreaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,misstheopportunitytodeepenreformsinimportantareas,andmoveforwardcourageouslyinthedirectionofreformandopeningguidedbythe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatwemustconscientiouslysumupandusethesuccessfulexperienceofreformandopeningup.Hemadefivecommentsonthis.
First,reformandopeningupisaprofoundrevolution,andwemuststicktotherightdirectionandproceedalongtherightpath.Ontheissueofdirection,wemustbeveryclear-headed,continuetopromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystem,andunswervinglyfollowthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
Secondly,reformandopeningupisanunprecedentedbrand-newundertaking.Wemustadheretothecorrectmethodologyandadvanceitthroughcontinuouspracticeandexploration.CrossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesisareformmethodwithChinesecharacteristicsandinlinewithChina'snationalconditions.Tocrosstheriverbyfeelingthestonesistofeelthelawsandgaintrueknowledgefrompractice.Crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesandstrengtheningthetop-leveldesignaredialecticalandunified.Thepromotionofpartialphasedreformandopeningupmustbecarriedoutunderthepremiseofstrengtheningthetop-leveldesign,andthestrengtheningofthetop-leveldesignmustbeplannedonthebasisofpromotingpartialphasedreformandopeningup.Itisnecessarytostrengthenmacro-thinkingandtop-leveldesign,paymoreattentiontothesystem,integrity,andcoordinationofreforms.Atthesametime,wemustcontinuetoencourageboldexperimentsandbreakthroughs,andcontinuetodeepenreformandopeningup.
Third,reformandopeningupisasystematicproject,andcomprehensivereformsmustbeadheredtoandpromotedinthecoordinationandcooperationofvariousreforms.Reformandopeningupisaprofoundandcomprehensivesocialchange.Eachreformwillhaveanimportantimpactonotherreforms,andeachreformrequiresthecoordinationofotherreforms.Itisnecessarytopaymoreattentiontothemutualpromotionandbenigninteractionofvariousreforms,toadvanceasawhole,tomakebreakthroughsinkeypoints,andtoformastrongjointforcetopromotereformandopeningup.
Fourth,stabilityistheprerequisiteforreformanddevelopment,andtheunityofreform,development,andstabilitymustbeadheredto.Onlywithsocialstabilitycanreformanddevelopmentcontinuetoadvance;onlywithcontinuousadvancementofreformanddevelopmentcansocialstabilityhaveasolidfoundation.Itisnecessarytopersistinunifyingtheintensityofreform,thespeedofdevelopment,andthedegreetowhichsocietycanbearit,andtheimprovementofpeople'slivesshouldberegardedastheintegrationpointforcorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Fifth,reformandopeningupisthecauseofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Wemustadheretorespectforthepeople’spioneeringspiritandinsistonadvancingundertheleadershipoftheparty.Everybreakthroughanddevelopmentintheunderstandingandpracticeofreformandopeningup,theemergenceanddevelopmentofeverynewthinginreformandopeningup,andthecreationandaccumulationofexperienceineveryaspectofreformandopeningup,allcomefromthepracticeandwisdomofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Themoreonerousthetaskofreform,developmentandstability,themorewemuststrengthenandimprovetheleadershipoftheparty,themorewemustmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthemasses,begoodatleadingthepeopleforwardbyproposingandimplementingcorrectlines,principlesandpolicies,andbegoodatcreatinganddevelopingfromthepeople’spractice.Chinaisrequiredtoimproveitspolicypropositions,sothattheresultsofreformanddevelopmentwillbenefitallthepeoplemoreandmoreequitably,andcontinuetoconsolidatethemassfoundationfordeepeningreformandopeningup.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatreformandopeningupcanonlybecarriedoutwhilenotbeingcompleted.Withoutreformandopeningup,therewouldbenoChinatodayandnoChinatomorrow.Thecontradictionsinreformandopeningupcanonlyberesolvedbyreformandopeningup.WemustfullyimplementthespiritoftheEighteenthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,adheretoDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents",andthescientificdevelopmentconceptastheguidance,activelyrespondtothestrongcallsandardentexpectationsofthebroadmassesofpeoplefordeepeningreformandopeningup,andbuildsocialconsensus.Coordinateandpromotereformsinallfieldsandlinks,andstrivetoadvancereformandopeningup.
Juhlakokous
Maintry:juhlitaan uudistuksen ja avaamisen 40-vuotispäivää
Sukulaiset:40-vuotisjuhlauudistuksen ja avaamisen、suuria muutoksia-laaja-alan näyttely, joka juhlii uudistuksen ja avaamisen 40-vuotispäivää
Historicalexperience
XiJinpingdeliveredanimportantspeechatthecelebrationofthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,expoundingthevaluableexperienceaccumulatedinthepast40yearsofreformandopeningup,andemphasizingthatwemustcherishit,sticktoitforalongtime,andcontinuetoenrichanddevelopinpractice.Hesaidthatwemustupholdtheparty’sleadershipoverallworkandcontinuouslystrengthenandimprovetheparty’sleadership;wemustadheretothepeople-centeredapproachandcontinuetorealizethepeople’syearningforabetterlife;wemustupholdtheguidingpositionofMarxismandcontinuetopromotetheoriesbasedonpractice.Innovation;wemustadheretothepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoadheretoanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;wemustcontinuetoimproveanddevelopthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoplayandenhancetheadvantagesofChina’ssystem;wemustadheretodevelopmentasthefirstpriorityandcontinuetostrengthenChina'scomprehensivenationalstrength;wemustpersistinexpandingopeningupandcontinuouslypromotethebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind;wemustpersistinadministeringthepartystrictlyinanall-roundway,andconstantlyimprovetheparty’screativity,cohesion,andcombateffectiveness;wemustadheretodialecticalmaterialismandhistoricalmaterialismworldoutlookandmethodology,correctDealwiththerelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Historicalsignificance
ReformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforthedestinyofcontemporaryChina.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlythroughreformandopeningupcanChinadevelopInordertodevelopsocialismandMarxism.Thesetwopassagesgiveahigh-levelsummaryofwhywewanttoreform.Weshoulddeeplyunderstandthehigh-leveltheoreticalsummaryputforwardbytheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee.
Thereformhastwoobviouscharacteristics.First,thereformsundertheleadershipofthepartyareaimedatperfectingsocialism.Everymajorreformdecisionisadecisionmadebythecentralgovernmentthroughadecision,whichshowsthatthepartyisactivelypromotingreform.Second,ourreformisgradual,ratherthanaone-stepimplementationlikeinsomecountries.
Theessenceofreformandopeningupistoliberateanddevelopsocialproductiveforces,improveoverallnationalstrength,furtherliberatepeople’sminds,andbuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ReformandopeningupareanimportantpartofDengXiaopingTheoryandafundamentalpolicyofChina'ssocialistconstruction.Reformincludeseconomicsystemreform,thatis,thereformofahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemintoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;politicalsystemreformincludesthedevelopmentofdemocracy,strengtheningthelegalsystem,separatinggovernmentfromenterprise,streamlininginstitutions,improvingthedemocraticsupervisionsystem,andmaintainingstabilityandunity.Openingupmainlyreferstoopeninguptotheoutsideworld,butalsoincludesopeninguptotheinsideinabroadsense.ReformandopeningupisoneofthebasicpointsofthebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheinitialstageofsocialism,anditistheonlywayforChinatobecomeprosperousandstrong.IthasahugeimpactonChina'seconomicdevelopment.
SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,undertheguidanceofComradeDengXiaoping’stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,theCommunistPartyofChinaandthepeoplehavebeendeterminedtoreformandstrivehard,andthewholecountryhasbeenfullofvitality,andthelandofChinahastakenplace.Greathistoricalchanges.Socialproductiveforceshavegainednewliberation.Thepoliticalsituationofstabilityandunityhasbeencontinuouslyconsolidated.Theproblemoffoodandclothingfor1.1billionpeoplehasbasicallybeensolved,andthepopulationismovingtowardsawell-offsociety.China'seconomicconstructionhasreachedabigstage,thepeople'slivelihoodhasreachedabigstage,andtheoverallnationalstrengthhasreachedabigstage.Inthecontextofrapidchangesintheworld,China'ssocialistsystemhaswithstoodseveretestsandhasshowngreatvitality.
Kiinan uudistus- ja avausvaihe teki merkittäviä saavutuksia. Tämän suuren uudistuksen ja avaamisen kautta on saavutettu kolme suurta muutosta:
ThefirstgreattransitionisthetransitionfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemtoThetransformationofthesocialistmarketeconomysystemfullofvigorandvitality;
Thesecondgreatturningpointisthetransformationfromaclosedandsemi-closedsocietytoafullyopensociety;
ThethirdgreatturningpointItisthetransformationofpeople'slivesfromsubsistencetoabasicwell-offsociety.Withoutreformandopeningup,itisimpossibletoachievethreegreatchanges.
So,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeproposedthatreformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforcontemporaryChina’sdestiny.
Whenourcountry’sdevelopmentstandsatanewhistoricalstartingpoint,wemustadapttotheprofoundchangesintheeconomicsystem,theprofoundchangesinthesocialstructure,theprofoundadjustmentofthepatternofinterests,theprofoundchangesinideology,andtheunprecedentedopportunitiesthepartyfaces.Thechallengeswearefacingarealsounprecedentednewsituationsandnewsituations.Wewillfurtherbuildconsensusonreforms,strengthenthedirectionofreforms,andimprovereformmeasures.Historyhasproventhatreformandopeningupistheinevitablerequirementandfundamentaldrivingforcefortheliberationanddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,andthecontinuousinnovationofvibrantsystemsandmechanisms.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyreformandopeningupcandevelopChina,developsocialism,anddevelopMarxism.
Thereportofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointedoutthatreformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionledbythepeopleundertheconditionsofthenewera.TobecomeprosperousandrejuvenatethegreatChinesenation;topromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentoftheChinesesocialistsystem,togivenewvigortosocialism,tobuildanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;tostrengthenandimprovethepartywhileleadingthedevelopmentandprogressofcontemporaryChinaTomaintainanddeveloptheparty’sadvancednature,ensurethatthepartyisalwaysintheforefrontofthetimes,andenablethepartyandthecountrytodeveloprapidly.
Atthemeetingcelebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,XiJinpingsaidthatreformandopeningupisagreatawakeningofourparty,anditisthisgreatawakeningthatgavebirthtoourparty’sgreatcreationfromtheorytopractice.ReformandopeningupisagreatrevolutioninthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.ItisthisgreatrevolutionthathaspromotedthegreatleapofthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics!