Kehityshistoria
Theinventionanddevelopmentoftheprintingpressplayanimportantroleinthespreadofhumancivilizationandculture.
In1439,Gutenberg,Germany,producedawoodenletterpressprintingmachine.Althoughthisverticalspiralhand-panelprintingmachinehasasimplestructure,ithasbeenusedfor300years;in1812,theGermanKoenigmadethefirstcircularflatletterpressprintingpress;HoyintheUnitedStatesinventedtherotaryprintingpressin1847;in1900,thesix-colorrotaryprintingpresswasmade;in1904,RubelintheUnitedStatesinventedtheoffsetprintingpress.
Beforethe1950s,thetraditionalletterpressprintingprocessoccupiedadominantpositionintheprintingindustry,andthedevelopmentofprintingpresseswasalsodominatedbyletterpressprintingmachines.However,theleadalloyreliefprintingprocesshasthedisadvantagesofhighlaborintensity,longproductioncycleandenvironmentalpollution.Beginninginthe1960s,offsetoffsetprintingprocesseswithshortcycletimesandhighproductivitybegantoriseanddevelop,andleadalloyreliefprintingwasgraduallyreplacedbyoffsetoffsetprinting.Softreliefprinting,stencilprinting,electrostaticprinting,inkjetprinting,etc.,havealsodevelopedinpackagingprintingandadvertisingprinting.
Theprintingmachineryoftheworldhasmadegreatprogresssincethe1980s.Formorethan20years,thedevelopmentofprintingmachineryhasgonethroughthreestages:
Thefirststageisfromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s.Thisstageistheheydayofthedevelopmentofoffsetprintingtechnology.ThisperiodThemaximumprintingspeedofthesheet-fedoffsetpressis10,000prints/hour.Thepre-adjustmentpreparationtimeforafour-colorprintingmachinebeforeprintingisgenerallyabout2hours.Theautomaticcontroloftheprintingpressmainlyfocusesontheaspectsofautomaticpaper-bearing,automaticpaperdelivery,automaticcleaning,automaticdetectionofinkcolor,automaticadjustmentofinkvolume,andremotecontrolofregister.Inadditiontosingle-colorandtwo-colorpressesduringthisperiod,almosteverysingle-fedoffsetpressmanufactureralsohadthemanufacturingcapacityoffour-colorpresses,andmostmanufacturerswereabletomanufacturepaperturningmechanismsfordouble-sidedprinting.
Thesecondstageisfromtheearly1990stotheendofthe20thcentury.Inthe1990s,withthesheet-fedoffsetprintingpressasthesymbol,thedesignandmanufacturinglevelofprintingmachineryintheworldhastakenabigstepforward.Comparedwiththemodelsinthefirststage,thespeedofthenewgenerationmodelshasbeenfurtherimproved,from10,000prints/hourto15,000prints/hour,andthepre-pressadjustmenttimehasalsobeengreatlyshortenedfromabout2hoursinthefirststageto15minutes.about.Theautomationlevelandproductionefficiencyofthemachinehavealsobeengreatlyimproved.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,printingmachineryhasusheredinthethirdstageofdevelopment.Somemodelsofsheet-fedoffsetprintingpressescanreach17,000-18,000prints/hour,butmanufacturersdonotstrivetoincreasethemaximumprintingspeedoftheprintingpress,butthroughtheapplicationofinformationtechnologytofurthershortenthepre-presspreparationtimeandreplacementThetimeofthejobseekshigherproductionefficiency.
Inthefieldofprintingmachineryautomation,networking,productionintegration,digitalworkflow,andmanagementinformationsystem(MIS)linksandothertechnologieshavebecomethefocusofdevelopment.Heidelberg'sCP2000automaticcontrolsysteminadditiontotheentiremachinefrompaperfeeding,paperfeedingandguiding,inking,waterfeeding,platechange,register,cleaning,drying,coating,powdersprayingandpaperdelivery,etc.Inadditiontopre-setting,adjustmentandfaultdiagnosisoftheworklink,italsohasthefunctionsofrealizingthenetworkingofallproductionprocessesoftheprintingenterpriseandonlinetransmissionofprepressimageprocessingdata(CIP3/PPForCIP4/JDFdata).Inthenewcentury,mostoffsetprintingpressmanufacturershavedevelopedcorrespondingDIdigitalprintingpresses.
Inaddition,inordertomeetpeople'sdemandforhigh-endcolorprints,8-colororeven10-colormulti-colordouble-sidedprintingandadditionalin-linepost-pressprocessingfunctionshavebecomevarioussheet-fedoffsetpresses(Includingthedevelopmenttrendofsmalloffsetpresses,DIdirectplatemakingmachinesandlargeoffsetpresses),andthetechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,thistypeofprintingpresshasbeguntosqueezeoutapartofthemarketthatwasoriginallyawebprintingpress.
Luokittelu
1. Luokittelu tulostuslevylomakkeen mukaan
Dividedintoletterpress,offset,intaglioandstencilprintingpresses;installationversionAndembossingstructureisdividedintoflatpress,roundpressandroundpress.
(1) Reliefprinting-kone
Reliefprinting-kone: kohopainotulostus.Kone, joka käyttää kirjapainoa tulostusprosessin loppuun saattamiseen.Kuten käyntikorttikone (hartsilevy), konepainatus, sinkkilehkuri, numerosarja jne.
(2) Litografinen painokone
Kivipainokone: planografinen painokone. Laite, joka käyttää litografiaa tulostusprosessin loppuun saattamiseen. Esimerkiksi monivärinen kone, neljän värin kone, kaksivärinen kone, yksivärinen kone, nopea tulostuskone jne.
(3) Syväpainokone
Intaglioprintingpress.Amachinethatusesgravuretocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasglassbagprintingofinstantnoodles,aluminumfoilbagpackagingofbiscuits,etc.
(4) Silkkipainokone
Screenprintingmachine:screen-processprintingpressThemachinethatusesthescreentocompletetheprintingprocess.Perforatedprinting:suchasscreenprinting,circuitboardprinting,clothprinting,canprinting,inscriptionprinting,partialglazing,etc.
2.Luokitellaan painopaperin mukaan
(1) Arkkien syöttökone
Arkkipainatuskone: arkkipainatuspainatusyksittäisen arkkipainokoneen käyttäminen.
(2) Verkkotulostuskone
Webprintingmachine:roll-fedprintingpressPrintingmachineusingrollpaper.
3.Luokitellaan tulostusmenetelmällä
(1) Tasopainokone
Flat-bedprintingmachine:platenpressTheprintingplatesupportbodyandtheimprintingbodyarebothflatprintingmachines
(2) Pyöreä litteäpainokone
Roundflatprintingmachine(flat-bedprintingmachine):flat-bedCylinderpressTheprintingplatesupportisflat,andtheimprintingbodyisacylindricalprintingpress.
(3) Pysäytä otarypainokone
Stoptherotaryprintingmachine:stop-cylinderpressTheprintingplatecooperatestoreciprocate,whenadvancing,theimpressioncylinderrotatesonecircle,whenreturning,impressingThecylinderstopsrotatingandcompletestheprintingprocessofaprintingpress.
(4) Yhden kierroksen painokone
One-revolutionprintingpress:single-revolutionprintingpressEachreciprocatingmovementoftheprintingplatetable,theimpressioncylindermakesonerevolutiontocompleteaprintingprocess.Printingmachine.
(5) Kahden kierroksen painokone
Two-revolutionprintingpressTheprintingmachinethatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheprintingplatemovesbackandforth.
(6) edestakaisin liikkuva painokone
Reversingprintingpress:reversibleprintingpressAprintingpressthatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheimpressioncylinderrotatesbackandforth.
(7) Pyörivä painokone
Rotaryprintingpress:Theprintingplatesupportbodyandthetransferbodyarebothcylindrical.WhentheprintingprocessiscompletedAprintingpressthatisfullyrotating.
4. Luokittelu painomusteen mukaan
(1) Yksivärinen tulostuskone
Monochromeprintingmachine:single-colourprintingpressInaprintingprocess,aprintingpressthatprintsoneinkcolorononesideofthepaper.
(2) Kaksivärinen tulostuskone
Two-colourprintingpress:two-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(3) Monivärinen tulostuskone
Multi-colourprintingpress:multi-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoormoreinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(4) Kaksipuolinen yksivärinen tulostuskone
Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine:perfectingpressAprintingmachinethatprintsonbothsidesofthepaperduringtheprintingprocess.
(5) Kaksipuolinen monivärinen tulostuskone
Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine:multi-colourperfectingpressInaprintingprocess,atleastonesideofthepaperisprintedwithtwoormoreinkcolorsDouble-sidedprintingmachine.
Toimintaperiaate
1,ScreenprintingmachineToimintaperiaate
Takethecommonlyusedhand-shapedflatscreenprintingmachineasanexample,theworkingprincipleofthescreenprintingmachinecanbedescribedasfollows:thepoweristransmittedthroughthetransmissionmechanism,sothatthesqueegeesqueezestheinkandthescreenprintingplateinmotion,sothatThescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformanimpressionline.BecausethescreenhastensionsN1andN2,itgeneratesaforceF2onthesqueegee,andtheresiliencemakesthescreenprintingplatenotcontactthesubstrateexcepttheimpressionline.UndertheactionofthesqueezeforceF1ofthesqueegee,theinkpassesthroughthemeshandleaksfromthemovingimpressionlineontothesubstrate.
Duringtheprintingprocess,thescreenprintingplateandthesqueegeemoverelativetoeachother,andthesqueezingforceF1andtheresilienceF2alsomovesynchronously.Thesubstrateisoutofcontacttoavoidsmearingtheprint.Thatis,thescreenisconstantlydeformedandreboundedduringtheprintingprocess.
Aftertheone-wayprintingiscompleted,thesqueegeeisseparatedfromthesubstratetogetherwiththescreenprintingplate,andatthesametime,itreturnsinktocompleteaprintingcycle.Thedistancebetweentheuppersurfaceofthesubstrateandthereversesideofthescreenprintingplateaftertheinkisreturnediscalledthesame-pagedistanceorscreendistance,whichshouldgenerallybe2to5mm.Inmanualprinting,thetechniqueandproficiencyoftheoperatordirectlyaffectstheformationoftheimpressionline.Inpractice,screenprintingworkershaveaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience,whichcanbesummarizedintosixpoints,namely,toensurethestraightness,uniformity,isometric,equalizing,centeringandverticaledgeinthemovementofthesqueegee.Inotherwords,whenprinting,thesqueegeeshouldmoveinastraightlinewithoutshakingfromsidetoside;itcannotbeslowinthefrontandfastintheback,slowinthefrontandslowinthebackorsuddenlyslowandfast;theinclinationangletotheinkboardshouldremainthesame,andspecialattentionshouldbepaidtoovercometheinclinationangleThecommonproblemofincreasinggradually;theprintingpressureshouldbekeptevenandconsistent;thedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheinnersidesofthescreenframeshouldbeequal;theinkplateshouldbeperpendiculartotheframe.
2.Toimintaperiaateofflat-screencurvedscreenprintingmachine
Flat-screencurvedscreenprintingreferstotheuseofflatscreensoncylindricalorconicalsurfaces.Thenetisscreenprinted.Undercertainconditions,itcanalsoscreenprintellipse,drum,arcandothercurvedsurfaces.Thedry-netcurvedscreenprintingmachineisamachinethatusesaflatscreentoprinttheabove-mentionedcurvedsurface.
Theworkingprincipleoftheflatsurfacescreenprintingmachine:a-rollersupportb-shaftmeetingsupportc-inlaidsupport.Duringprinting,theflatscreenprintingplateandthesubstratemove,whilethesqueegeeisstationary.Theflatscreenprintingplateisclampedonthescreenframeandmovedbytheflatscreencurvedscreenprintingmachinetomoveataconstantspeed,andthesubstrateplacedonthesupportingdevicerotatesduetothefrictionofthescreen.Thelinearspeedofthecurvedsubstrateattheimpressionlineisthesameasthemovingspeedoftheflatscreenprintingplatetoachievescrapingprinting.
Theoretically,theembossinglineshouldbeatthehighestgeneratrixofthecurvedsubstratetoincreasetheoff-screenangleandensuretheprintingquality.Inordertofacilitateadjustment,thesqueegeegenerallyadoptsatopangleof60°±15°,anditisrequiredtobeabletoadjusttheverticalityandtheupperandlowerdimensions.Theadjustmenttoverticalistoensurethatthecuttingedgelinedoesnotshifthorizontallywhenadjustingupanddown,andisalwaysalignedwiththehighestbusbarA;thesqueegeewithatopangleof60°±15°isusedtoensurethatthesqueegeeinclinationisformedafterverticalinstallationα.Intheactualadjustment,inordertoensurethattheflatscreenprintingplateisseparatedfromthecurvedsubstrateintime,theimpressionlinecanbeslightlyadvanced,especiallywhenthediameterofthesubstrateislarge,theimpressionlinemustbeoffsetforward.ThesupportdeviceforcurvedprintingisVarioustypesofspecialdevicesaredesignedandmanufacturedbyusersaccordingtoproductrequirements.
Thecurvedsurfaceprintingofcylindricalorconicalcontainerscanusetwopairsofrollerbearings.Thelengthtodiameterratioislessthan1.5forcoverandcupbearingsleeves,softandhollow.Thecontainercanbesupportedbyaninflatabledevice.Theellipseisapproximatelyapartofacylindricalsurface,whichcanbesupportedbyacylindricalinlaymethod.
Theprincipleofprintingonthesurfaceofaconeisbasicallythesameasthatofprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder.Thedifferenceisthegraphicshapeofthescreenprintingplateandthemovementformofthescreenprintingplate.Whenmakingascreenprintingplateforprintingonthesurfaceofacone,firstdrawanexpandedviewoftheconesurface,andfindthecenterofthesectorbasedontheexpandedview,andthenselectanappropriatescreenframetomakethescreenprintingplate.
Ontheplateefghthatcancompletelycontainthefan-shapedabed,makeaprintingplatethatmatchesthefan-shaped.Fixtheright-anglerodontheplateefgh,andinstallitwithoastheaxistoformaplatethatcanberotatedinafanshape.Then,likeprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder,4rollersareusedtosupportthesubstrateundertheplate,thesqueegeeisinafixedshape,andtheplateframeismovedinafanshape,andthesqueegeeispressurizedtoprintonthesurfaceoftheconicalplate.Duringprinting,theconicalbearingisinlinecontactwiththescreenprintingplateunderacertainsqueegeepressure;whenthescreenprintingplatemovesinahorizontalfanshapearoundtheaxisofthefan-shapedunfoldingdrawing,thesubstraterotatessynchronouslyonthesupportingdeviceMovement;theinkissqueezedbythesqueegeeandleakstothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprinting.
3, painokoneprosessi:
(1)Workcycleprocedureofflatscreenflatscreenprintingmachine.Taketheflatscreenplatformtypemonochromesemi-automatichand-surfacescreenprintingmachineasanexample.Oneofitsworkingcyclesis:feeding→positioning→settingdown→loweringtotheinkplate,raisingbacktotheinkplate→squeegeestroke→raisingtotheinkPlate→lowertheinkreturnplate→lifttheplate→inkreturnstroke→releasepositioning→receive.
Inthecontinuousloopaction,aslongasthefunctioncanberealized,thetimeoccupiedbyeachactionshouldbeasshortaspossibletoshortenthecycleofeachworkcycleandimproveworkefficiency.
(2)Embossingline.Intheprintingprocess,theinkandthescreenprintingplatearesqueezedtotheinkplate,sothatthescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformacontactline,whichiscalledtheimpressionline.Thislineisattheedgeofthesqueegee,andcountlessembossinglinesformtheprintingsurface.Realizingtheidealimpressionlineisverydifficult,becausetheprintingstrokeisadynamicprocess.
Varotoimenpiteet
1.Ensurethattheleaderisresponsibleforsupervisingthesafetyoftheequipmentandcrewoperators.
2.Beforetheoperation,theoperatormustwearuniforms,workhats,andworkshoesneatly,fastentheplacketandcuffs,anddonotputanysundriesinthepockets,anddonotwearwatchesandvariousaccessories.
3.Beforestartingthemachine,addtherequiredlubricatingoil(grease)toeachoilfillingpoint,lubricationpointandoiltankofthemachine.
4.Withoutapproval,non-crewpersonnelarenotallowedtostartandoperatethemachinewithoutauthorization.Assistantsandapprenticesshouldworkundertheguidanceofthepilot.
5.Beforestartingthemachine,checkwhethertherearesundriesinvariouspartsofthefuselage.Youmustfirstgiveasignal(pressthesafetybell),echobackandforth,andmakesurethatthemachineissafebeforeitcanbeturnedon.
6.Beforethemachineisrunning,countbackwardforafewweeks,andthencountforafewweekstoavoiddebrisbetweentherollersanddamagetheblanket,printingplate,etc.
7.Whenthemachineisrunning,itisstrictlyforbiddentotouchthemovingworkingsurfacewithyourhands,repairandwipethemachine,orcrosstherotatingpart,andkeepthemachineprotectiondevicecomplete.
8.Thecrewshouldstrictlyguardtheirpostsaccordingtothedivisionoflabor,alwayspayattentiontotheoperationofeachpartofthemachine,andimmediatelyshutdownthemachineifanyproblemsarefound.
9.Theworksiteshouldbekeptcleanandunobstructed,theground.Thereisnodebrisaroundtheworkbenchandthemachine,andthemaintenancetoolsandsparepartsshouldbeplacedinthespecifiedlocation.
10.Työn aikana kukaan ei saa nauraa, tapella tai pitää kovaa ääntä koneen ympärillä. Ole hyvä ja valitse lapset, jotka lähestyvät konetta kiireessä.
11.Työn lopussa puhdistakone,suojaa tulostuslevy,pyyhipeitto,jäljennyssylinteri ja tela, katkaise virta ja täytä työloki.
12.Regularmaintenanceandrepairofthemachine,andfillinginthemaintenanceandrepairrecorddatacanextendtheservicelifeofthemachine,improveproductionqualityandsafeproduction.
13.Muun henkilöstön toiminta on kielletty.
Ongelmien karttoittaminen
Intheprocessofusingtheprintingmachine,variousproblemsoftenoccur,suchasmechanicaldamageandfrequentelectricalfailures.Somepeoplesaythatthemachineistooold.Althoughtheoldmachineisanobjectivereason,doesthenewmachinenotfail?Insomeprintingfactories,newmachineshavemorefailuresthanoldmachines.Objectivelyspeaking,theusageandfailurerateofthemachineincludethefollowingfactors:themanufacturingqualityofthemachine,installationandcommissioning,maintenance,reasonableoperation,andmostimportantly,thequalityofmaintenance.Thequalityofthemachineobjectivelyexistswhenitleavesthefactory.Whetheritisanewmachineoranoldmachine,installationanddebuggingarethefirsthurdles.
Generally,newmachinesareinstalledanddebuggedwhentheyleavethefactory,afterqualityinspection,andthentransportedinseparatepackaging.Itisnotonlyaproblemoflevelandreasonableinstallation,butalsoaproblemofinspectionandcalibration.Thisshouldbethecaseforoldmachines.Asformaintenanceanduse,Iwon’tsaymuch.Ijustwanttotalkaboutthequalityofmaintenance:
Huoltoisnotasimpledisassemblyandassembly.Itisnotonlynecessarytofindthecauseofthefailure,butalsotofindoutthereason.Incidentalotherquestions.
Theprintingmachinehasastricttimecoordinationrelationship,aswellasassemblytolerancesandadjustmentvalues.Busydisassemblyandexcessiveadjustmentarethemainreasonsforacceleratedwearandrecurrenceofthemachine.
Theprocurementandprocessingqualityofpartsandaccessoriesdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheuseoforiginalpartsforallpartsandelectricalcomponents.Thecostoforiginalpartsishighandtheprocurementcycleislong.Unlessspecialorcriticalparts,mostofotherpartsBothpartsandelectricalcomponentscanbesubstituted,aslongasyouunderstandtheprocessingtechnologyofthepartsandthecharacteristicsofthecomponents.
Inadditiontothenaturaldamageofthemachine,thecircuitfaultismainlythehiddenfaultderivedfromthecarelessdisassemblyandinstallationorthefailuretofindthemachineandhumanfactorsthatcausedthecircuitfault.
Pesuallasnesteen vianetsintä
Exploringcommonproblemsofprintingpresssinkfluid—Theconcentrationoftheappropriatesinkfluidisbasedontheconductivityvalue.WhentheconductivityistoohighTheinkwillnotbeeasytodrywhenitistoolow,anditwillbeeasytostainoraccumulateink.Soyoumusttrytofindtheappropriateconductivityvalue.Afterfindingtheconcentrationvalue,multiplythetotaltankvolumebythepercentagetobethefirstaddition.Inaddition,whentheconductivityvaluechangesmorethan±50~100,youneedtomakecorrectionsbeforeyoucancontinuetouseit.Atthesametime,youneedtopayattentiontothetemperatureinthewatertank,becausethetemperaturewillaffectthemeasuredvalueoftheconductivity.
Itisgenerallyrecommendedthattheidealprintingwaterconditionsare:
(1)Vedenlaadun on oltava pehmeää vettä;
(2)Johtavuusarvo on 700 ~ 1300 (vedenjohtavuusarvo on vähennettävä);
(3) PH-arvo 4,0 - 5,5;
(4) Vesisäiliön lämpötila 5 ℃ ~ 15 ℃;
(5)Femulsifikaatioaste on alle 35 %;
(6)Alkoholin osuus IPA:sta on 5 % ~ 15 %;
(7)Vesisäiliönesteen pitoisuus on 1,5–2,5 %.
Thefollowingaretheactualtestresultsofthecenterintheprintinglaboratory:
Sinkfluid: Magic150
Conductivitymeter:DeltaOHMConductivityMeterModel:HD8706
PH-mittari:HANNAPHMeterMalli:HI8521
Accordingtotheaboveexample,thetotalwatertankoftheprintingmachineinthecentralprintinglaboratoryis80,000cc*2%=1,600ccwatertankLiquid,theconductivityvalueismaintainedat1,000(1,095-92.5)±100,andthepHvalueisabout5.0.Inaddition,wefoundthatthepHvaluedoesnotchangesignificantlyaftertheconcentrationofthetanksolutionis3%,soitisnoteasytodetectwhethertheamountisappropriate,andsomeEuropeantanksolutionshavemorebuffersadded,andtheirfunctionistomaintainthestabilityofthetanksolution.TheacidityandthereductionofthecorrosionofthelayoutwillcauseproblemswhenusingthepHvaluetomeasuretheconcentrationofthebathsolution.
Huolto
Theprintingpressisoneofthemostutilizedequipmentamongallequipmentintheprintingplant.Toensurethenormaloperationoftheprintingpress,dailymaintenanceandmaintenanceareindispensableandverynecessary.Let'sbrieflytalkaboutthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceofthemachinefromthefollowingaspects.
Staattinen huolto
Staattinen huoltooftheprintingmachinereferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhenthemachineisinastaticstate.
1.Establishrulesandregulationsformachinemaintenance.Offsetprintingmachinemaintenanceshouldbebasedonthemachine'sinstructions.Suchasregularoilchange,filtercleaning,regularinspectionofmachineaccuracy,etc.
2.Strengthenthemaintenanceofimportantparts.Gears,cams,sprockets,rollers,andbearingsarethemostimportantpartsoftheprintingpress.Theirmaintenanceshouldbedifferentfromotherparts,becausechangesintheiraccuracywillaffectthefinal.Springsarethemostcommonlyusedpartsforforcebalancingmechanismsonmachines.Theirworkingqualitydirectlydeterminestheaccuracyofthematchingofmovingparts.Thespringsmustbesensitiveandelastic,andtheaeroelasticityandirreversibleplasticdeformationarecriticaltotheworkofthesprings.Extremelyunfavorable.Iftheaboveproblemsarefound,thespringneedstobereplacedimmediately.Thehazardsofsolventresiduesintheprintingprocess
3.Carryouttechnicalreformsandstrengthenmachinemaintenance.Machinemaintenancerequirestheconvenienceofmachinemaintenanceinthedesignofthemachine.However,duetothecomplexityoftheprintingpress,itisobviouslyimpossibletotakeeveryfactorintoaccount,andthecontentofmachinemaintenancewillalsochangeastheenvironmentchanges.Therefore,thosestructuresthatarenotconducivetomachinemaintenanceshouldbeimprovedwithoutaffectingnormalwork.
Dynaaminen huolto
Dynaaminen huoltooftheprintingpressreferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhentheprintingpressisinadynamicstate.Staticmachinemaintenanceistheprerequisiteformachinedynamicmaintenance,andthedynamicoperationofthemachinecaninturndetectthelevelofmachinestaticmaintenance.Thedynamicmaintenanceofthemachineisveryimportant.Themaincontentthatshouldbemaintainedunderthemachinedynamicsisanalyzedfromseveralaspectsbelow.
1.Machinepreparationstatusdetection.Thepreparationstatusofthemachinecanbedetectedbyjogorcranking.Iftoolsandotheritemsarestuckinthemachine;whethertheprintingplateisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaydamagetheprintingplateormakeitdifficulttofindtherules;whethertheblanketisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaybepossibleCauseprintingfailure,ordamagethemachineinseverecases.
2.Thelubricationstatusofthemachine.Firstofall,youcanobservewhethertheoilcircuitofthemachineisunblockedthroughtheoilstandard.Ifthereisnooilintheoilstandardortheoilstandardisnotclearlyobserved,youshouldstopemergencyandcarefullycheckwhetherthereisoilleakageintheoilcircuit.Althoughtheoilleakageofthemachineiseasytoobserve,itisdifficulttofindthecause.Formachinesusingslidingbearings,lowspeedisnotconducivetoitslubrication,especiallyjogorlow-speedoperationhasagreaterimpactonitslubrication.Therefore,beforecarryingoutsuchoperations,itisbesttorunthemachineidlingandlubricate.Thisisalsoaprimarytaskthatshouldbedonebeforegoingtoworkeveryday.Theoilpumpofsomemachinesisdrivenbythemainengine,sowhenitisreversed,theoilcircuitwillnotonlyfailtorefuel,butwillsucktheoilfromtheoilcircuitbacktothetank.Thisisverydangerous,sothereverseshouldbeavoided.Thelubricationofsomeimportantpartscanalsobedetectedbythetemperatureofthemetalnearby.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththelubrication.Commonfaultsandtroubleshootingmethodsofgravuregoldandsilverinks
3.Impactduringmachineoperation.Thesmallertheimpactduringtheoperationofthemachine,thebetteritisforprinting,anditalsoprolongstheservicelifeofthemachine.Reducingtheprintingpressure(pressureinabroadsense)isanimportantconditiontoensurethesmoothoperationofthemachine.Underthepremiseofensuringthequalityofprinting,thesmallertheprintingpressure,thebetter.Reducingthespeedofthemachineisanotherimportantconditionforreducingthemomentofinertiaofthemachine.Thelowerthespeedofthemachine,thesmallerthemomentofinertia.Therefore,themachineshouldnotalwaysberunningathighspeed.
Theaboveaspectsareonlypartofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpress.Thequalityofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpressdirectlyaffectstheservicelifeandproductqualityoftheprintingpress,soitcannotbetakenlightly.
Uusi huoltokonsepti
Thedevelopmentoftheprintingindustryhasgraduallychangedfromrelativelysimpleletterpressprintingtothecommonlyusedoffsetprintingandtheincreasinglyrobustdigitalprintingmode.Thebeliefbehindthisdevelopmentmodelisofcoursebasedonmanufacturers’demandsforcontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiencyandenhancementofproductcompetitivenessandqualityinthemarket.
Therefore,printingandotherprocessingmachineryandequipmentofvariouspracticalmanufacturers'productionindicatorsareconstantlyemerginginthemarketatarapidpace,cooperatingwithandexceedingtheexpectationsofmanufacturers.However,whentheseadvancedmachineryaremovingtowardsproductiongoalsdayandnight,manyoperationalrelated"smallproblems"willalsoarise,suchasmaintenance.
Yksivärinen silkkipainokone (2 arkkia)
Whenthemachineisdamaged,themanufacturergenerallythinksthatitiscausedbynormaloperationandwear.However,today'smachineryismadeofhigh-qualityalloysteelandshouldbeabletobeusedforalongtime.Later,afterthemanufacturerspaidhugemaintenancefeesandthepainfullessonsofdelayingproduction,theygraduallybegantodiscovertheimportantroleplayedbythemaintenancematerialteaminmaintainingthenormaloperationoftheprintingmachinery.Amongthemanymaintenancematerials,lubricantsandtheirRelatedchemicalproductsarerelativelyneglected.Probablybecauseofthecorrectselectionofthesematerials,itwillnotcauseimmediatebadeffectsonthefinishedproductsproducedbythemanufacturer.Mechanicalequipmentisoftenusedforalongperiodoftimebeforeitisdiscoveredthatthereisaproblem.1,Supplierswhoprovidemaintenancematerials,makesure:
1.Itsproductscanreducethenumberofmechanicaldamagesandprolongtheservicelifeofthemachinery;
2.Provideamulti-functionaldesignproductline,inadditiontoadaptingtomoremechanicalrequirements,itcanalsoreduceunnecessaryexcessinventoryofcustomers;
3.TeachcustomersAvoidincorrectuseofmaintenancematerials;
4.Letcustomerssimplifypurchasingprocedures,therebystreamliningmanagementproceduresandsavingvaluablehumanresources;
5.MaintainsufficientproductinventoryfrequentlytosaveManufacturerstaketimewhenorderinggoodsandavoidtheriskofdowntimecausedbycasuallyusinggeneral"temporarysubstitutes";
6.Providealong-termandstablenetworkthroughareputablesuppliernetworkSupplychannelstomeettheneedsofcustomersfromallovertheworldforhigh-qualityproductsandservices.
2,Huoltomaterialsforprintingpressesandrelatedequipmentinclude:
1. Voiteluöljy-kuten lumiöljy, ketjun tiiviste, painevaihteistoöljy jne.
2.Cleaner - kuten jälkipuhdistusaine, inkroller-puhdistusaine, öljyputken ja öljylinjan puhdistusaine jne.
3.Anti-rustagent—usedtopreventrustandlubricatethetableandcutterofthepapercutter.
3,Characteristicsandusesofgrease
Tässä julkaisussa esittelen "rasvan" (snowowil).Rasvan tyyppi voidaan luokitella karkeasti sen kovuuden, paineensyötteen, tippumispisteen, vedenkestävyyden ja vakauden mukaan.
3.1 Kovuus
Hardness,orpenetration,isameasurablecharacteristicthatmustbeconsideredwhenselectinganappropriategrease.Thehardnessofthegreaseisdeterminedbythenumber.No.0isthesoftest,andthenincreasestoNo.6alongwithNo.1andNo.2.ThehardnessofNo.6isthesameasthatofsoapbars.Themudinthegardeniseasiertoshovelandharder,andthehardnessofthegreaseisthesame.Itisgradedaccordingtothepenetrationdepthofthegreasedroppedfromacertainheightbytheconegauge.Printingmachinerymustbeaddedwithlubricatinggreaseofappropriatehardnessinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturer,otherwiseitmaycauseinsufficientlubricationorincreasedresistancetothemachineparts.
3.2 Painesyöttö
Anotherfeatureofgreaseisthedifficultyofpressuredelivery;inthecentralgreasesupplysystem,twotypesareequallyeasytopressuredeliveryatroomtemperature.Lubricatinggreasesoftenhaveverydifferentpressure-feedingpropertiesinlowertemperatureenvironments.
Thedifferencecomesfromthedifferenttypesandproportionsoflubricatingoilandsoapcontainedinthegrease.Someprintingmachineryandbindingequipmentuseacentralgreasesupplysystemtolubricateeachcomponentofthemachinery.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttochooseagreasewithexcellentpressurefeedability.
3.3 Pudotuspiste
Becausethegreasecontainsdifferentsoapbaserelationships,differentgreaseswillmeltatdifferenttemperatures.Thedrippingpointisthetemperatureatwhichthegreasechangesfromsemi-solidtoliquid;mostcalciumsoapgreasemeltsat160-210°F,sodiumsoapgreaseis350-350°F,lithiumsoapgreaseis350-400°F,soathightemperaturesItisbettertousesodiumsoaporlithiumsoap.Nowadays,thespeedofmostprintingmachineryisquitehigh.Becausethebearingspeedinthemotorishigher,thebearingtemperaturealsoincreasesaccordingly.Choosingagreasewithahigherdroppointcanmakehigh-speedmotorbearingssuchas"carbonpumps"."Bearings,etc.havebetterprotection.
3.4 Vedenkestävyys
Regardlessofwhetheritisincontactwithwaterornot,somegreasesstillneedtoperformtheirlubricatingeffect,soitswaterresistanceisanimportantproperty.Calciumsoapandlithiumsoap-basedgreaseareinsolubleinwater,whilesodiumsoapgreaseissolubleinwater,soitcannotbeusedasalubricantthatmaycomeintocontactwithwater.Theprintingprocessneedstomixwater,sosomebearingsmustbeprotectedbygreasewithgoodwaterresistance,otherwise,theservicelifeofthebearingwillbegreatlyreduced.
3.5 Vakaus
Somegreasescanstillmaintaintheiroriginalhardnessafterbeingaddedtothebearing,whichmeansthatthestabilityisveryhigh;thiskindofgreasecanbeusedinanti-wearbearings.Itwillsoftenafterworkingforaperiodoftime,andwillflowoutofthebearingwithoutagoodseal.Duringtheprintingprocess,thepowdersprayingiscontinuousandhasgreatcoverage.Ifthestabilityofthegreaseusedispoor,itwillcausepollutantstoeasilyenterthebearingsandvariouscomponents,causinggreatdamagetotheprintingmachine.
Traditionally,thedesignandproductionofgreasehasonlyfocusedoncopingwiththeunityproblemfacedbymechanicalequipment.Suchashightemperature,highspeed,highpressureoranti-wear,etc.Sincethen,duetotherequirementsofmachinerymanufacturersandtheintensifiedmarketcompetition,theproductionofgreasegraduallytendstomoveinamulti-functionaldirection.However,ordinarypetroleumproductsalwayshavetheirlimitsinuse,andtheyhavenotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettherapiddevelopmentrequirementsofmodernproductionequipment.Althoughchoosingtherightlubricantisnoteasy,therearealsosomeprofessionallubricantsuppliersinthemarketthatcanprovideprofessionaldataandlong-termafter-salesservicetoreducecustomererrorsinuseandavoidwastingprecioustimeandmoney.Youmaywishtolistentotheopinionsoftheindustry,Ibelieveitwillhelpprotectthegoodperformanceoftheprintingpress.
Kehitysnäkymät
1.Kehitystila
AccordingtostatisticsfromtheEuropeanFederationofPrintingandPaperProcessingMachineryManufacturersAssociation(EUMAPRINT),duetotheinfluenceoftheworldeconomyAsaresultoftherecession,thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentinsevencountriesincludingGermany,France,theUnitedStates,Italy,andSwitzerlanddecreasedby13.08%in2002comparedto2001.Fromtheanalysisofeconomicprosperityindex,among11countriesincludingEurope,America,China,Russia,andJapan,onlyChinaandRussiaareontherise,andtherestareonthedecline.Amongthem,Germany'ssalesin2002wereapproximatelyUS$6.8billion,whichwashigherthanthatin2001.Ayear-on -vuoden lasku 12 %;Yhdysvaltain myynti oli noin 2,27 miljardia dollaria, mikä on 16 % lasku vuodesta 2001;Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan myynti vuonna 2002 laski 24 % vuodesta 2001 noin 1,064 miljardiin Yhdysvaltain dollariin;Italian myynti laski8 %, noin.63 miljoonaa dollaria.
Thetopfivecountriesintermsofannualoutputvalueofprintingmachineryandequipmentin2001were:Germany7.73billionU.S.dollars,Japan3.918billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates2.702billionU.S.dollars,Britain1.4billionU.S.dollars,andItaly829millionU.S.dollars..In2001,thetop5countriesforexportingprintingmachineryandequipmentwere:Germany6.325billionU.S .Dollarit, Japan1.578Billionu.S.Dollars, TheunitedStats1.246Billionu.S.Dollars, Italia1.06Billionu.S.Dollars ja TheUnitedKingDom940Millionu.S.Dollars.tHetopsixpriningMachineryandAndipmentSin20011were -$JuNionyNionyNionySinyNionySinySinyNionySin200111WaryNiNeryNeNionyStingyStingyStingyStingySinySinySinSins. ,920 miljoonaa dollaria Yhdistyneessä kuningaskunnassa ja 798 miljoonaa dollariaJapanissa.Vuonna 2002 Kiinan painokonemarkkinat olivat mahtavat.Painokoneiden ja laitteiden myynti kasvoi 13,8 %, mikä tekee maailmantulostuksen ja laitteiden valmistajan pakollisen näkemisen.