Kytkentä

Toimintaperiaate

PeriaatteellisessaLogy:

Laozhang’scabbagefieldsonthenorthandSouthSideDividedInTo3Partseach.ThesharelandobtainsasmAllpartOfthewaterFlowfromthemainwaterway, andtewaterflowspeedisassameastheotherland, AsshownInfigure1.IntShisway, LaozhangcanrestintheshadeftHetreesformaperioDOftime, ilman tekijääychangesThewaterCourse, andallthegroundispoureDathesametime.

ThecopperisaradiofrequencyDeviceThatextractsasMallpartOfTheSignalfromthewirelesssignalbackbonechannel.AsshownInFigure2, ItisaPowerDistributionDevicelikeThePowersplitter.ThedifferenceisThattheCopperisnotequalpowerDistributionDevice.ThecopplerandThePowersplittereUsedTogethertoAchieveagoal - TomaketheTransMissionpowerOftheSignalsourceB -eEvenlyDistRuteTotheantennaportsOftheinDOordistributionsystemmasuchassible, sottHattHethmissionpowerOfanchannannaportSbasSTHESAME.

TheInputportPowerofanidealCopplerisequaltothesumOfTheCopplingPowerPower jaTeutputPower, inwatts (W), AsshownInInfigure3.

Tehtävä.ThedegreeofcopplingisheratiofThePowerOftheCoppledportToteInputport, Expressiondb, EleverEAnegativeValue.TheGreaterTheabsoluTeValueOfTheCoppingDegree, The ThessITeSquivalentTaKeAway ja THEthesMallerTheLossOfTHENAturalCupler.InsertionLossisHeratioFThePowerOftheOutputPortToTeInputport.TheGreaterTheabsoluTeValueOfTheCopplingDegree, ThesmallertheabsoluteValueOftheSertionloss.

ExpressedIndb, ThereAearthefollowingRelationship:

Sitten Therelationhipbetweenthelisäyshäiriö (db), joka

Esimerkki:

AcuplerWithAcoPlingDegreeOf - 10DB -HasanlisäyshäiriöOf -0.5DB -.TaketheabsoluteValue, ja Donsiderthedielectricloss.Yleensä ThelisäyshäiriöWillB -elarger, joka on differentFordifferentManufactors.Yleensä thelisäyshäiriöcanbeabout00.7DB -.

Iftheinputportpoweris15DB -m,thenthepowerofthecouplingportofthiskytkentäis15DB -m-10 dB -=5DB -m,andthepoweroftheoutputportis15DB -m-0.7DB -=14.3DB -M.

Manypeopleherewillasksuchaquestion:5DB -m+14.3DB -M>15DB -m,energyisnotconserved,why?Thereasonissimple,thenumbersindB -mcannotbeadded.

SoveltaminenLeelcricalSignaltotheinputOfThephotoCoupleToMakeTeLight-EmitingsourceEMitlight.THEIDENTIESFTHELIGHEPENDSONTHESIZEOFTHEEXCIATECurrent.Jälkikäteen valonheitin, seproducesthephotocurrentisDrawnfromTheOutputterminalofTheLightReceiver.

⒈WorkingCharakteers (takeethephotossitiveTransistoRasanxample)

TheinternalcommonmoderejectionRatioftheoptoCopperisVeryHigh.B -ecausethecopplingCapacitanceB -etweTheluminoustubeandTheLightRecEiverisverySmall (sisällä2pf), TheCommon-ModeInputVoltagehasLittleffectonTheOutputTecurrentHrughtheter-elektrodekappari.

⒉OutputCharacteristics

OutputCharacteristicsOfThephotoColleRefertotherelationshipB -etWeThebiasVoltagevcAppliedToThephotosSInTiveTubEnTheOutputCurrenticundUncureLuminousCurrentif.Milloinf = 0, valot-emittingDiodeDoesNotemitlight.AtHistime, OutputCurrentOfThephotransistoRollectorisCalledDarkcurrent.WhenIF>0,undertheactionofacertainIF,thecorrespondingICbasicallyhasnothingtodowithVCE.ThechangebetweenandifbecomesalinearRelationship ja outputCharakteristicsOfthephotoelectrickytkentäEruredbyTheMiconductUbeCharacteristDdiagraminstrumentRumentResimilarthoTheOutputCharacteristicsOfordTransTrhanSTrumarsTrumentRumentSImilarTheOutputParakteristicsOfordTransSistors.

⒊ThephotokytkentäcanbeUnedasalInearCoppler

Provideabiascurrentonthelight-emittingdiode,andthencouplethesignalvoltagetothelight-emittingdiodethrougharesistor,sothatthephototransistorreceivesWhatisobtainedisanopticalsignalthatincreasesordecreasesonthebiascurrent,anditsoutputcurrentwillvarylinearlywiththeinputsignalvoltage.Thephotocuplercanalsoworkintheon-offstateteransmitPulsesignals.WhentransMittingPulsesignals, on olemassa.

Fotoelektrikki

⒈USEAMULTIMETERTOJUDEKAIKKAUTEEN.Irrota.AnySetB -etB -etPins1,2andPins3and4HasaninfiniteresistArtValue.AftertheDutterminaalisPoweredon, theresisisensofPins3and4isverySmall.Säätörp, theresistance bettins3and4Changes, mikä osoittaa, että.HUOMAUTUS: Ther × 10 kgearCannotbeUned, Muuten sitoa.

⒉SimpletestScicut, WhenthepowerSurnedon, TheledWillNotemitlight, PressSB -, TheledWillemitlight ja TheluminousIntensityftherPandledWillChange, mikä osoittaa,.

Soveltaminen

⒈constituTeaswitchCircuit

Whentheinputsignaluiislow,thetransistorV1isintheoffstate,andthecurrentofthelight-emittingdiodeinthephotokytkentäB -1Approximatelyzero,theresistancebetweentheoutputterminalsQ11andQ12isverylarge,whichisequivalenttotheswitch"off";whenuiishigh,v1isturnedon,thelight-emittingdiodeinB -1emitslight,andtheresistancebetweenQ11andQ12becomessmaller,whichisequivalentToswitch"on".Thecircuitisinahigh-tasonconductionStatebecausetheswitchisnoturnondonwenuiislowlevelvelover.Inthesameway, whenthereisnosignal (uiislowlevel), switchistourndon, soitInthelow-tasonconductionState.

2.Koostumuksellinen

Piirikuulainen "jagate" logiccircuit.ITLogicalExpressionisp = a.B -.Inthefigure,twophotosensitivetubesareconnectedinseries,onlywhentheinputlogiclevelA=1andB -=1,theoutputP=1.Inthesameway, logiccircuitssuchas "orgate", "nandgate" ja "norgate" kanavamuotoinen.

3.ToformanisolationCoppingCircuit

PiiritShowninfigure4.ThisHisatyPicalAcCoPlingAmlifierCircuit.Appropriateselectionofthecurrent-limitingresistorR1ofthelight-emittingcircuittomakethecurrenttransferratioofB -4aconstantcanensurethelinearamplificationofthecircuit.

4.Toformahigh-ventagevoltaAgestabilisoiva piirteet

ThedrivingtubeneedstouseatransistorwithahigherVoltAgeresistence (thedrivingtubeis3dg27inthefigure).Whentheoutputvoltageincreases,thebiasvoltageofV55increases,theforwardcurrentofthelight-emittingdiodeinB -5increases,whichreducesthevoltagebetweenthephotosensitivetubes,andthebiasvoltageoftheregulatortubedecreasesandtheinternalresistanceincreases,sothattheoutputvoltagedecreases., Sen sijaan, että OutputVoltate -.

⒌ConstituteTheAutomaticControlCircuitftheHalllighting

Aisfourgroupsofanalogelectronicswitches(S1~S4):S1,S2,S3areconnectedinparallel(canincreasethedrivingpowerandanti-interferenceability)Usedinthedelaycircuit,whenitisconnectedtothepowersupply,thebidirectionalthyristorVTisdrivenbyR4andB -6,andtheVTdirectlycontrolsthehalllightingH;S4andtheexternalphotoresistorRlformanambientlightdetectioncircuit.Whenthedoorisclosed, sittenormalycledReedSwitchdInStalledonthedoorframeisActeDONTHEMAGNETONTHEDOOR, jaSContactsaredSisconted, And1, S2 jaS3areInTheDataopenState.Yöllä, TheOwnerWenthomeanDopenedTheDoor, temagnetwasfarawayFromkd ja thekdcontactwascled.ATTHISTIME, A9VPOWERSUPPYISRECTIEDADADCHARGEDTOC1VIAR1.TheVoltageacrossc1quicklyrisesto9v.Therectifiedvoltagemakesthelight-emittingtubeinB -6glowthroughS1,S2,S3andR4totriggerthebidirectionalthyristortoconduct,andVTalsoconductsOn,Hlightsuptorealizeautomaticlightingcontrol.Afterthedoorisclosed, temagnetControlskd, thecontactisDisconnected, the9vpowersupplyStopsChargingC1 ja thecircutenSadelayState.C1BEGINSTODISCHARGER3.AfterAperioDOfDelay, TheVoltageaCrossC1GradsdropsBelowTheTurn-Onvente (1.5v)ofS1,S2,andS3,andS1,S2,andS3returntotheoffstate,causingB -6toendandVTalsoends., HurnsofftorealizethedeLayedTurn-OFFFFUNCTION.

Erota

Ohjetyypit

THE IHMISTERIAALINEN KÄYTTÖ.ITISATWO-portElementConnectedByAcoplingDevice.Muodostettu.FirstInTroDucethePerformanceDexOfhedirectionalCopper, ja TheninTroDucethewaveGidedebleble-HoledirectionalCopper, kaksoishaarat,.

1) Suorituskyvyn jakamattomat suorituskykyiset

Thedirectionalkytkentäisafour-portnetwork,theport"①"istheinputterminal,theport"②"isthedirectoutputterminal,andtheport"③""Isthecouplingoutputterminal,theport"④"istheisolationterminal,andthescatteringmatrixis​​setto[S].ThePerformanceDICATORSDESSIBINGTHEEDIONALCOPSIORARE: COPLIPINGDEGREE, ERISTIONDEGREE,.He ovat.

2) eristys

TheratioFTheDputPowerP1FTheLutterminaal "①" ja OutputPowerP4FTheisolationterminaal "④" ISDefinedasTheisolation, Denotedasi.

Ohjaaja

TheratioFTheOutpTerpowP3OfTheCopplingTerminaal "③" TotheOutputPowerP4Oftheisolationterminaal "④" isdefinedasthedirectionality, Denotedasd.

⑷LetworkWaveratio

Whentheports “②, ③, ④” ArealllusnectedTothemathedload, thevswrofthedputport “①” isdefinedastheinputwaywaveraverio.Valmistaa.

⑸Workingbandwidth

WorkingbandWidTheWorkingFrequencyRangewheaheabove-nationedc, I, D, ρandotherparametersfecfiedCouplermetThere-vaatimukset.

Aaltojohtotyypit

The WaveGuideDouble-HoledirectionalCopperisthesimpLestWaveGideDirectionalCopper.Thrainandauxiliarywaveguidespassthroughtwocomnarrowwalls.

ThesmallholesWithADistanceOfD = (2n+1) λg0/4Realizecopping.Λg0isthewaveguide awavelengthCorrespondingTotEcenterFrequency andnisapositiveInteger, yleensä λg0istheWaveGuide WavengthGyCorrordingToTheCenterfrequIngygngyNGer, yleensä n = 0.Thecopplingholeisgenerallycular, buuthershapesarealSopossible.Kun työskenteletTheCenterFrequency, βd = π/2, atThistimed → ∞;.Infact, tasainen, -.

Hiihto, aaltoohjaus-holedirectionalCouperreliesonthemutualInterferenceOfwavestoAchievetedirectionalotepputOfTheMainwaveGuide.InordertoincreasethecopplingDegreefhedirectionalCopperandbroadentHeworkingFrequencyBand, Themulti-HoledirectionalCoPlercanbeUsed.TheBranchLinEcomption, wherethelengthandSpacingOfthebranchline

ARE1/4FTHECENTERWAELLENGT, ASShownInFigure5-15.Supposethecharacteristicimpedanceofthemainlineentranceline"①"is,thecharacteristicimpedanceofthemainlineexitline"②"is(kistheimpedanceconversionratio),andthecharacteristicimpedanceofthesecondarylineisolationend"④"isthatofthesecondarylinecouplingend"③"Thecharacteristicimpedanceis,thecharacteristicimpedanceoftheparallelconnectionlineisZ0p,andthecharacteristicimpedanceofthetwobranchlinesisthesum.

Rinnakkaistyyppi

RinnakkaispesuplingmicRostripDirectionalCopperisareSeDirectionalCopper, theCopplingOutputEnDAndTheMainIntenDareOnTheSeside, AsshownTherightPicture, PortinisAnnputport, Portoutistraght-throughport, PortocupisAcuplingPort, "④" ISanisoledport.

Cuplertekniset spesifikaatiot (Indoordistribution)

Taulukko2CoupleTechnicalTekniset tiedot

Eristäjä

Theisolaattorisokotedareverser.Siellä.Yleisestikäytetty

värähtelynpeandfieldShiftType.

Resonisolaattori

B -ecauseoftheanisotropyofferrite,undertheactionofaconstantmagneticfieldHi,theleftandrightcircularpolesinaleftandrightspiralrelationshipwiththeHidirectionTherotatingmagneticfieldhasdifferentpermeability(settoμ-andμ+respectively).SetAtacompingpointOnthemicrowaveTransMissionLinekontingFerritematerial, Theleft-käsinmagneettinen kenttäistransmoitu+zdirection, ja käsin käsinmagneettiset kentät.Thetwotransmithesamedisance, butthecorrespondingMagneticPerMeabilityisdifferent, sotteleft-e-rightmagneticfieldThephasespeedisdifferent, theresultingphashiftisiftisoDifferent, thisheirreversibilityofferrephashiftfiftisiftisiftisiftisiferentti.Ontherhand, ferriitehasaferromagnieticresonanceffectandaresonanceabsorptioneffectofacircularlypolarisoituneellaMagneettiset kentät.

Theso-calledferrite'sferromagneticresonancefectmealeashatTeworkingfrequencyωOfTheMagneettisen kentällä olevaa kentälle.ForthEcircularlypolarisoituMagneettinen kenttä, Theleftandright-käsinpolarisoidut magneettiset kentät,.

Fortheright-käsinpolarisoidut magneettikentät.TheferriteresonantisolatorismadebyusingThisCharacteristOfferrite.

Kenttä-Shiftingisolator

Thefield-ShiftingisolatorismAdeaccordingTotedifferentfield-ShiftingEffectsofferriteonTheWavesPropagationstwodirections.

ItaddsanattenuatoronTheSideOftheferritesheet.DuetTheDiffeference OFTheFieldGeneratedByTheTransMissionInthettwodirections, The ElextricfieldOfTheWaveTransMitedInTheforwardDirection (-ZDirection) IsbiadToteonWithoutattenuationsHeet.EleccriticfieldOftheWaveProPagationInTheredirection (+Zdirection) isbiadentToonesideOfTheaTenuator, siten sekoittaen theisolationfunctionfsmallforwardattenuation jalargereverseatTuution, asshowninfigure5-32.

B -ecausethefield-shiftingisolatorhasthecharacteristicsofsmallsize,lightweight,simplestructureandwideworkingfrequencyband,ithasbeenwidelyusedinlow-powerapplications.

Ammattimainen