termin alkuperä
OneofthedraftersoftheU.S.Constitution,AlexanderHamilton,establishedabankinNewYork(theBankofNewYork)aftertheUnitedStatesbecameindependent.Hehiredaprofessionalmanagertomanageit.BecausetheU.S.Constitutioncallsthepresident"ChiefExecutive"(meaningthehighestheadofgovernment),hecallsthatperson"ChiefExecutiveOfficer"andthereasonforadding"Officer"istodistinguishitfromthepresident.ThisistheworldThistermappearsforthefirsttime.
TheCEOisaccountabletothecompany’sboardofdirectorsandisoftenamemberoftheboardofdirectors.Havetheultimateexecutivepowerwithinthecompanyororganization.Inarelativelysmallcompany,theCEOmaybethechairmanoftheboardofdirectorsandthepresidentofthecompanyatthesametime,butinlargecompaniesthesepositionsareoftenheldbydifferentpeople,soastopreventindividualsfromplayingtoolargearoleinthecompanyandhavingtoomuchAtthesametime,itcanalsopreventconflictsofinterestbetweenthecompanyitselfandthecompany’sowners(thatis,shareholders).ThecorporateCEOsystemiscompatiblewiththemoderncorporatesystem.Underthemodernmarketeconomysystem,thecorporategovernancestructureofthemodernenterprisesystemgenerallyconsistsofthreeparts:thegeneralmeetingofshareholders,theboardofdirectors,andtheexecutivebodycomposedofseniormanagers.
Amongthem,thecompany'sexecutivebodyiscomposedofhigh-levelexecutiveofficials.Thesehigh-levelexecutiveofficers,thatis,high-levelmanagers,areemployedbytheboardofdirectors,andwithinthescopeofauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors,theyhavethepowerofmanagementandagencyoverthecompany'saffairs,andareresponsibleforhandlingthecompany'sdailybusinessaffairs.ThepersoninchargeoftheexecutiveagencyiscalledtheCEO,thatis,thechiefexecutiveofficer.TheCEOofanenterprisecanbethechairmanorvice-chairman,orthegeneralmanager.
Päävastuualueet
Toimitusjohtajan päävastuut ovat:
(1)Appointmentanddismissalofmanagers;(2)Executiveboardofdirectors’resolutions;(3)Presidingoverthecompany’sDailybusinessactivities;(4)Signingcontractsorhandlingbusinesswiththeauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors;theexecutiveteamundertheleadershipoftheCEOincludes:generalmanager,deputygeneralmanagers,departmentmanagers,chiefaccountant,chiefengineer,etc.Inforeigncountries,CEOsemergedonthebasisoftheestablishedandmaturecorporategovernancestructure.Sincethe1980s,withtheexpansionoftheglobalbusinessofmultinationalcompanies,theexchangeofinformationwithinthecompanyhasbecomeincreasinglybusy.Duetotheinformationtransmissionandcommunicationbarriersbetweenthedecision-makinglevelandtheexecutivelevel,ithasaffectedtherapidresponseandexecutionabilityofthemanagerstomajorcorporatedecisions.Somecompanieshavebeguntotreatthetraditionalboardofdirectors-chairman-generalmanager.Reformofcorporategovernancestructure.TheCEOisoneoftheproductsofthischange.Itsappearanceinasenserepresentsthetransitionofsomedecision-makingpowersinthehandsoftheoriginalboardofdirectorstotheoriginalmanagement.TheCEOisnotthegeneralmanager,northepresident.Itspowerisverylarge,40%to50%ofwhichisthepowerofthechairman.Theboardofdirectorsbecomesasmallboard,anditsmainfunctionistoselect,evaluateandformulateaCEO-centeredmanagementanditscompensationsystem.AlthoughtheCEOisnottheinvestorofthecompany,ithastherighttomakedecisionsonmajordecisions.
Inforeigncountries,themainconstraintontheCEOisnottheboardofdirectors,butanorganizationcalledthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteeintheenterprise.Thisstrategicdecision-makingcommitteeisthemainauthoritythatsupportsordeniestheCEO'sbusinessdecision-making.Inmanycountries,mostofthepeoplewhomakeupthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteearenotthepeopleinthecompany,letalonetheinvestorofthecompany,butthecelebritiesinthesocietywhoareengagedinbusinessmanagement,economics,andlaw.Therefore,itishumancapitalthatcontrolstheenterprise,nottheinvestor.Theinterestoftheinvestorisonlyreflectedinthereturnofthepropertyrights.
TheestablishmentoftheCEOembodiestheideaofputtingpeoplefirstandreasonablepricingforhumancapital.Thecorporategovernancestructuremodelbasedonthetheoryofseparationoftwopowersthatweusuallytalkaboutisbeingchallenged.Moreandmorefactsshowthatmodernproductionisshiftingfromrevolvingaroundmachinestorevolvingaroundknowledge.Humancapitalthusachievedanoverwhelmingpositionovermonetarycapital.Itisnotdifficulttofindthattheannualsalarysystem,stockoptions,andothersimilarincentivemeasuresaremerelyinstitutionalarrangementsmadebythemarkettoreasonablypriceentrepreneurs’humancapital.
Inamaturemarketenvironment,entrepreneurhumancapitalwillinevitablyfinditsownreasonableprice.Afterenteringtheenterpriseasaninstitutionalarrangement,humancapitalhasalreadytriggeredahugechangeintheenterprisepropertyrightssystem.Inadditiontogettingwages,humancapitalshouldalsogetareturnonpropertyrights.Thephenomenonthatenterprisesarecompletelyownedbyinvestorsisgraduallychanging.
TheemergenceoftheCEOalsosignifiesthatthetraditionaltheorythatownershipandmanagementmustbeseparatedhasalsoundergoneimportantrevisions.InthefaceofeconomicglobalizationandChina'saccessiontotheWTO,manycompanieshaveastrongsenseofcrisis,arebusyplanning,adjusting,andmakinggreateffortstomeetthechallengesoftheworldmarket.ItisinthiscontextthattheCEOappearedinourcountry.ItshouldalsobenotedthattheCEOsofsomeChinesecompanieshaveonlychangedtheirtitles,butinfacttheyarestillthedailyresponsibilitysystemofthegeneralmanagerunderthedecisionoftheboardofdirectors,notthetrueCEO.Itshouldbesaidthathumancapitalascapitalisthemostimportantmanifestationintheeraofknowledgeeconomy.
ItismoreimportanttochangethetitleofgeneralmanagerofacompanytoCEO.
Afganistanin toimitusjohtaja (2 kuvaa)
LiKeqiangmetwithAfghanCEOAbdullahinAstana.RahmonmetinDushanbeonthe8thwithAfghanChiefExecutiveAbdullah,whovisitedandattendedthehigh-levelinternationalmeetingontheresultsofthe"WaterforLife"InternationalDecadeofAction.LiKeqiangexchangedcongratulatorymessageswithAfghanistan’sChiefExecutiveAbdullahonthe20th.
Nimivertailu
中 | japanilainen | Englanti | Korealainen | |
Puheenjohtaja;PuheenjohtajaoftheBoardofJohtajas;PuheenjohtajaoftheBoardofJohtajas | Puheenjohtaja | Puheenjohtaja;PuheenjohtajaoftheBoard | Puheenjohtaja | |
Pääjohtaja;toimitusjohtaja;toimitusjohtaja | Presidenttiti | General Manager,Presidenttiti,CEO | Presidenttiti | |
Executivedirector;managingdirector;managingdirector | Ohjaajan, erikoisjohtajan puolesta | Toimitusjohtaja | Johtajan puolesta, vanhempi johtaja | |
Johtaja | ProhibitionofJohtajas,SeniorOfficers,StandingOfficers | Johtaja | Johtaja,generalmanager,generalmanager | |
General Manager,VicePresidenttiti,Associate,SeniorJohtajaofBusinessGroup | Liiketoimintaryhmän johtaja | Liiketoimintaryhmän johtaja p> | General Manager | |
General Manager,Associate,JohtajaofDepartment | Ministerii | Osaston johtaja | Ministerii | |
Osastonjohtaja | Osaston päällikkö, osastopäällikkö | Osaston päällikkö | Pääosa, huoneen pää | |
Osastonjohtaja | Osastopäällikkö | Maksuosio | Osastonjohtaja,agent | |
Johtaja | Johtaja | Valvoja | Johtaja | |
Henkilökunta | Jäsenet | Henkilökunta | Jäsenet | Jäsenet p> |
Vastaavia tuotteita
TOIMITUSJOHTAJA | Talousjohtaja | CIOChief Information Officer | COOChiefOperating Officer |
CTOChiefTechnologyOfficer | CHOChiefTalentOfficer | CMOChiefMarketingOfficer | CPOChiefManufacturingOfficer |
CCC-kulttuuripäällikkö | CSOChiefSecurityOfficer | CIOChief Information Officer | CKOChiefKnowledgeOfficer |
