Theoriginoftheterm
OneofthedraftersoftheU.S.Constitution,AlexanderHamilton,establishedabankinNewYork(theBankofNewYork)aftertheUnitedStatesbecameindependent.Hehiredaprofessionalmanagertomanageit.BecausetheU.S.Constitutioncallsthepresident"ChiefExecutive"(meaningthehighestheadofgovernment),hecallsthatperson"ChiefExecutiveOfficer"andthereasonforadding"Officer"istodistinguishitfromthepresident.ThisistheworldThistermappearsforthefirsttime.
TheCEOisaccountabletothecompany’sboardofdirectorsandisoftenamemberoftheboardofdirectors.Havetheultimateexecutivepowerwithinthecompanyororganization.Inarelativelysmallcompany,theCEOmaybethechairmanoftheboardofdirectorsandthepresidentofthecompanyatthesametime,butinlargecompaniesthesepositionsareoftenheldbydifferentpeople,soastopreventindividualsfromplayingtoolargearoleinthecompanyandhavingtoomuchAtthesametime,itcanalsopreventconflictsofinterestbetweenthecompanyitselfandthecompany’sowners(thatis,shareholders).ThecorporateCEOsystemiscompatiblewiththemoderncorporatesystem.Underthemodernmarketeconomysystem,thecorporategovernancestructureofthemodernenterprisesystemgenerallyconsistsofthreeparts:thegeneralmeetingofshareholders,theboardofdirectors,andtheexecutivebodycomposedofseniormanagers.
Amongthem,thecompany'sexecutivebodyiscomposedofhigh-levelexecutiveofficials.Thesehigh-levelexecutiveofficers,thatis,high-levelmanagers,areemployedbytheboardofdirectors,andwithinthescopeofauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors,theyhavethepowerofmanagementandagencyoverthecompany'saffairs,andareresponsibleforhandlingthecompany'sdailybusinessaffairs.ThepersoninchargeoftheexecutiveagencyiscalledtheCEO,thatis,thechiefexecutiveofficer.TheCEOofanenterprisecanbethechairmanorvice-chairman,orthegeneralmanager.
MainResponsibilities
ThemainresponsibilitiesoftheCEOare:
(1)Appointmentanddismissalofmanagers;(2)Executiveboardofdirectors’resolutions;(3)Presidingoverthecompany’sDailybusinessactivities;(4)Signingcontractsorhandlingbusinesswiththeauthorizationoftheboardofdirectors;theexecutiveteamundertheleadershipoftheCEOincludes:generalmanager,deputygeneralmanagers,departmentmanagers,chiefaccountant,chiefengineer,etc.Inforeigncountries,CEOsemergedonthebasisoftheestablishedandmaturecorporategovernancestructure.Sincethe1980s,withtheexpansionoftheglobalbusinessofmultinationalcompanies,theexchangeofinformationwithinthecompanyhasbecomeincreasinglybusy.Duetotheinformationtransmissionandcommunicationbarriersbetweenthedecision-makinglevelandtheexecutivelevel,ithasaffectedtherapidresponseandexecutionabilityofthemanagerstomajorcorporatedecisions.Somecompanieshavebeguntotreatthetraditionalboardofdirectors-chairman-generalmanager.Reformofcorporategovernancestructure.TheCEOisoneoftheproductsofthischange.Itsappearanceinasenserepresentsthetransitionofsomedecision-makingpowersinthehandsoftheoriginalboardofdirectorstotheoriginalmanagement.TheCEOisnotthegeneralmanager,northepresident.Itspowerisverylarge,40%to50%ofwhichisthepowerofthechairman.Theboardofdirectorsbecomesasmallboard,anditsmainfunctionistoselect,evaluateandformulateaCEO-centeredmanagementanditscompensationsystem.AlthoughtheCEOisnottheinvestorofthecompany,ithastherighttomakedecisionsonmajordecisions.
Inforeigncountries,themainconstraintontheCEOisnottheboardofdirectors,butanorganizationcalledthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteeintheenterprise.Thisstrategicdecision-makingcommitteeisthemainauthoritythatsupportsordeniestheCEO'sbusinessdecision-making.Inmanycountries,mostofthepeoplewhomakeupthestrategicdecision-makingcommitteearenotthepeopleinthecompany,letalonetheinvestorofthecompany,butthecelebritiesinthesocietywhoareengagedinbusinessmanagement,economics,andlaw.Therefore,itishumancapitalthatcontrolstheenterprise,nottheinvestor.Theinterestoftheinvestorisonlyreflectedinthereturnofthepropertyrights.
TheestablishmentoftheCEOembodiestheideaofputtingpeoplefirstandreasonablepricingforhumancapital.Thecorporategovernancestructuremodelbasedonthetheoryofseparationoftwopowersthatweusuallytalkaboutisbeingchallenged.Moreandmorefactsshowthatmodernproductionisshiftingfromrevolvingaroundmachinestorevolvingaroundknowledge.Humancapitalthusachievedanoverwhelmingpositionovermonetarycapital.Itisnotdifficulttofindthattheannualsalarysystem,stockoptions,andothersimilarincentivemeasuresaremerelyinstitutionalarrangementsmadebythemarkettoreasonablypriceentrepreneurs’humancapital.
Inamaturemarketenvironment,entrepreneurhumancapitalwillinevitablyfinditsownreasonableprice.Afterenteringtheenterpriseasaninstitutionalarrangement,humancapitalhasalreadytriggeredahugechangeintheenterprisepropertyrightssystem.Inadditiontogettingwages,humancapitalshouldalsogetareturnonpropertyrights.Thephenomenonthatenterprisesarecompletelyownedbyinvestorsisgraduallychanging.
TheemergenceoftheCEOalsosignifiesthatthetraditionaltheorythatownershipandmanagementmustbeseparatedhasalsoundergoneimportantrevisions.InthefaceofeconomicglobalizationandChina'saccessiontotheWTO,manycompanieshaveastrongsenseofcrisis,arebusyplanning,adjusting,andmakinggreateffortstomeetthechallengesoftheworldmarket.ItisinthiscontextthattheCEOappearedinourcountry.ItshouldalsobenotedthattheCEOsofsomeChinesecompanieshaveonlychangedtheirtitles,butinfacttheyarestillthedailyresponsibilitysystemofthegeneralmanagerunderthedecisionoftheboardofdirectors,notthetrueCEO.Itshouldbesaidthathumancapitalascapitalisthemostimportantmanifestationintheeraofknowledgeeconomy.
ItismoreimportanttochangethetitleofgeneralmanagerofacompanytoCEO.
AfghanCEO(2photos)
LiKeqiangmetwithAfghanCEOAbdullahinAstana.RahmonmetinDushanbeonthe8thwithAfghanChiefExecutiveAbdullah,whovisitedandattendedthehigh-levelinternationalmeetingontheresultsofthe"WaterforLife"InternationalDecadeofAction.LiKeqiangexchangedcongratulatorymessageswithAfghanistan’sChiefExecutiveAbdullahonthe20th.
Namecomparison
中 | Japanese | English | Korean | |
Chairman;ChairmanoftheBoardofDirectors;ChairmanoftheBoardofDirectors | Chairman | Chairman;ChairmanoftheBoard | Chairman | |
GeneralManager;President;CEO;CEO | President | GeneralManager,President,CEO | President | |
Executivedirector;managingdirector;managingdirector | Onbehalfofthedirector,thespecialdirector | ManagingDirector | Onbehalfofthedirector,SeniorDirector | |
Director | ProhibitionofDirectors,SeniorOfficers,StandingOfficers | Director | Director,generalmanager,generalmanager | |
GeneralManager,VicePresident,Associate,SeniorDirectorofBusinessGroup | HeadofBusinessGroup | HeadofBusinessGroup p> | GeneralManager | |
GeneralManager,Associate,DirectorofDepartment | Minister | DepartmentChief | Minister | |
DepartmentManager | SectionChief,SectionChief | SectionChief | Headofsection,headofroom | |
Departmenthead | HeadofDepartment | SectioninCharge | Departmenthead,agent | |
Director | Director | Supervisor | Director | |
Staff | Members | Staff | Members | Members p> |
Relateditems
CEOCEO | CFOChiefFinancialOfficer | CIOChiefInformationOfficer | COOChiefOperatingOfficer |
CTOChiefTechnologyOfficer | CHOChiefTalentOfficer | CMOChiefMarketingOfficer | CPOChiefManufacturingOfficer |
CCOChiefCulturalOfficer | CSOChiefSecurityOfficer | CIOChiefInformationOfficer | CKOChiefKnowledgeOfficer |
