Struktura
Thediskdriveiscomposedofamagnetichead,adisk,aread-writecircuitandamechanicalservodevice.IBMintroducedthediskdriveforthefirsttimeinitsModel305RAMACin1956
Účel
Thediskdrivecanbothreadtheinformationstoredonthediskintothememory,andCanwritetheinformationinthememorytothedisk.Therefore,itisconsideredtobebothaninputdeviceandanoutputdevice.
Typ
Thediskdriveisapartofthediskmemoryintheelectroniccomputer.ItisusedtodrivethedisktorotateatasteadyspeedandtocontroltheheadonthemagneticlayerofthediskaccordingtoacertainrecordingformatandencodingmethodRecordandreadinformation,dividedintoharddiskdrive,floppydiskdriveandopticaldiskdrive.
Oprava selhání disku
Theharddiskisanimportantmediumforstoringinformation.Whentheharddiskfails,itisanextremelyimportanttasktoquicklyfindthecauseofthefaultandeliminateit.HereisthevirusTheanalysisofotherfailuresisasfollowsforreference:
1, Selhání ovladače HDD (selhání ovladače pevného disku)
AfterthePOSTprogramsendsaseekcommandtothedrive,thedrivewithinthespecifiedtime,Theoperationwasnotcompletedandatimeouterroroccurred.
C:selhání disku (selhání pevného diskuC)
RUNSETUPUTTLITY (funkce nastavení běhu)
PresstoResume (presstorestart)
Thiskindoffailureisgenerallybecausethetypesettingparametersoftheharddiskdonotmatchtheparametersusedintheoriginalformatting.SincethesettingparametersoftheIDEharddiskarelogicalparameters,inmostcases,afterbootingfromthefloppydisk,theCdiskcanbereadandwrittennormally,butitcannotbestarted.
2.Faultmessage:lnvalidDriveSpecification(invaliddrivespecification)
Thismeansthatthepartitionorlogicaldriveyouwanttooperateisnotdefinedinthepartitiontableatall.Ifapartitionorlogicaldrivehasnocorrespondingentryinthepartitiontable,thenthepartitionorlogicaldrivedoesnotexistfortheoperatingsystem.Thiskindoffailure,theproblemmustfirstlieinthepartitiontable.Theeasiestwaytorepairthistypeoffailureistomakeabackupofthepartitiontableinadvance.Forexample,youcanusetheBootsafetoolofPctools9.0.Ofcourse,youcanalsorecalculatethepartitiontablebasedonthedataintheBPBtable,butitismorecomplicated.
3. ErtorLoadingOperationSystem(chyba načítání operačního systému)
Thistypeoffailureispromptedwhenanerroroccurswhenreadingthepartitionbootsector(BOOTarea).Thepossiblereasonsare:First,thestartingphysicaladdressofthepartitionindicatedbythepartitiontableisincorrect.Forexample,changingthethirdbyte(startingsectornumber)ofthepartitiontableentryfrom1to0indicatesthatthestartingaddressofthepartitionisthe0thsectorontheindicatedheadanddesignatedtrack(hereisthephysicaladdress,Thesectorshouldstartfrom1),INT13Hwillreportthiserrorafterfailingtoreadthedisk.Second,thetrackmarkandsectorIDofthetrackwherethepartitionbootsectorislocatedaredamaged,andthespecifiedsectorcannotbefound.Third,thedrivereadingcircuitisfaulty.Thissituationisrelativelyrare,andmostofthemarerandomreaderrors,becausethesystembootcangotothispoint,atleastitmeansthatamasterbootsectorhasbeencorrectlyread.
4.Nelze vstoupit do systému. Pokud je k dispozici disketový pohon, bude veden pohonemA a zobrazí se:
DRIVENOTREADYERROR(zařízení není připraveno)
InsertBootDisketeinA:(VložtebootdisktodriveA)
Stiskněte libovolnou klávesu, když jste připraveni (stiskněte libovolnou klávesu, když jste připraveni)
AftertheBIOSPOSTisover,ifyoubootfromtheharddisk,thesystemItwillalwaysreadtheharddisk0side0track1sector,lookingforthemainbootprogramandpartitiontable.Therefore,itisimpossibletousesoftwaretotrytoavoidthe0-facesand0-tracksoftheharddiskdamageandsuccessfullyboottheoperatingsystem!UnlessyourewritetheINT19HinstructionsinthesystemBIOS.ThereasonsforthefailureofINT19Htoreadthemainbootsectorare:first,theharddiskreadcircuitfailure,whichmakesthereadoperationfail,whichisahardwarefailure;second,the0side0trackformatandsectorIDarelogicallyorphysicallydamagedandcannotbefound.Tothedesignatedsector;thirdly,thereisnoerrorinreadingthedisk,buttheMBRtailisnot"55AA".ThesystemthinksthattheMBRisincorrect,whichisasoftfault.
5, Non – SystemDiskorDiskErtor
ReplaceAndpressanykeywhenready(non-systemdiskordiskerror,pressanykeyafterresetting)
ThebootprogramintheDOSBOOTareaisexecutedandanerrorisfound,andthismessageisreported.Possiblereasons:driveresetfailed,theaddressofthefirstsectoroftherootdirectoryareaisoutofbounds(after544M),diskreadingerror.Mostofthesefaultsaresoftwarefaults.IftheBPBtableisdamaged,thatis,theharddiskcannotbereadandwrittennormallyafterbootingwithafloppydisk,youcanuseNDDtorepairit;iftheBPBtableisintact,justsimplySYSC:transferthesystemtobootthedrive,ifitfails,Thenitwillshow:
DiskBootFailure (chyba spouštění disku)
6,NOROMBASIC(nocuringBASIC)
SYSTEMHALT (vypnutí systému)
Thisisapromptthatonlyappearsonveryoldmachines.Theroleofthemasterbootprogramistofindanactivepartition(bootablepartition)amongthefourentriesinthepartitiontable.Ifnoneofthefourentriesisanactivepartition,thesystemdoesnotknowwheretoboottheoperatingsystem,andcanonlyexecuteINT188HandcallthesolidifiedBASICprogram.IftheBASICisnotsolidified,itwillcauseacrash.ThesimplestrepairmethodistousethesecondfunctionofFDISK:Setactivepartition(setactivepartition)tospecifyabootablepartition.
7. Zobrazí se „Spouštění MS-DOS...“ a poté se zhroutí.
Whenrecoveringtheharddiskcannotbootsoftfailure,thelastpointworthnotingisCONFIG.SYSandAUTOEXCTheexecutablefileinthe.BATitselfhasbeendamaged,makingthesystemcrashwhenthefileisexecuted,andthescreenprompts:"StartingMS-DOS...",andthencrashes.Thisfaultisverysimple,butbecausethereisnofaultinformation,itiseasyforordinarypeopletomisjudgethesystemfiledamage.Whenthisphenomenonoccurs,andyouaresurethatthesystemfilesareintact,youcanremovethesetwofiles,ortheaboveinformationappearsonthescreen,quicklypressthekeyorholddownthekey(interrupttheCONFIG.SYSinstallationandAUTOEXEC.BATexecution),Orpressthekey(executethecommandinCONFIG.SYSJstepbystep)tofindoutthedamagedfile.
8,InvalidPartitiontable(invalidpartitiontable)
Afterfindingtheactivepartition,themasterbootprogramwillalsodeterminethe"partitionbootflag"byte(Whetherthefirstbyte)isall0,thatis,confirmwhetherthereisonlyoneactivepartition.Ifoneisnot0(thenormalvalueisonly00Hand80H),thesystemwillreportanerrorandcrash.
9,Badormissing CommandInterpreter
EntercortectnameorCommandInterpreter(commandhandlererror,pleaseenterthecorrectfilename)
ThesystemisattherootThecommandprocessingprogramcannotbefoundinthedirectoryandthespecifieddirectory.Theuserisrequiredtoenterthecorrectpathandfilename.Youcanenteritattheprompt,forexample:C:\DOS\COMMAND.COM.
10,InvalidMediaTypReadingGniveX
AbortRetry,Fail(readXdrivemediatypeisinvalid)
ThismessageisfortheDOSBOOTareaPromptedbyinvalidBPBtable.TheBPBtableisthelogicaladdressusedbyDOStoreadandwritetotheharddisk.Itisconvertedintoabridgetothephysicaladdress.IftheBPBtableisdamaged,itwillmakeitimpossibleforDOStooperatethedisk.
Theboot-typesoftfaultsoftheharddiskcanbecheckeditembyitemintheordershownintheblockdiagram:themasterbootprograminthemasterbootsector—thebootprograminthepartitionBOOTarea—thehiddenfileoftheDOSsystem—CONFIGAUTOEXEC.
Whenthereisnoproblemwiththeharddiskreadingandwriting(youcanreadandwritenormallyafterbootingwithafloppydisk),butthesystemcannotbebooted,thefailurepointmustbeinthefourplacesshownintheboxabove.Thechecksequenceisthemainbootprogram,Partitionbootprogram,DOSsystemhiddenfiles,CON-FIG.SYSandAUTOEXEC.BAT.Forthemasterbootprograminthemasterbootsector,FDISK\MBRcanbeusedtoforciblywriteacorrectbackup.ForthebootprogramandsystemhiddenfilesinthepartitionBOOTarea,SYSC:canbeusedtotransferthesystemtooverwritetheerrordata(providedthattheBPBtableisintact).Inthecaseofharddiskreadandwritefailures,thereareonlytwopossiblepointsoffailure:thepartitiontableandtheBPBtable.IftheCdrivepromptappearsafterbootingwithafloppydisk,youcanbesurethatthepartitiontableoftheCdriveexistsandisbasicallyintact;iftheCdrivereadsandwritesnormally,theBPBtableisdefinitelygood.Readerscanrecoveraccordingtothemethodintroducedaboveorothersuitabletools.
11,17XXHardDiskErtor
Selhání ovladače HDC
Thistypeoffailureisahardwarefailure.AfterthePOSTprogramsendsaresetcommandtothecontroller,theinterruptresponsefromthecontrollerisnotreceivedwithinthespecifiedtime.Itmaybethatthecontrollerisdamagedorthecableisnotconnectedproperly.Thecontrollerfailsandwhethertheharddiskparametersettingsarecorrect