Основна информация
Пинин: là,zhà,chà
радикал: насекомо
Wubiinputmethod:jajg
Брой удари: 14
Пореден номер на инсулт: 25121412212511
Тълкуване на китайски йероглифи
восък (qù)
Thelarvaofthefly."Shuowen·Chongbu":"Wax,fly䏣also."(Note:"䏣"istheorthographiccharacterof"maggot",and"maggot"isavulgarcharacter)
восък (là)
[Име]
1.Pictophone.CongChong,(liè)звук.
2.Theoilproducedbyanimals,mineralsorplantshasplasticity,canburnandmelt,isinsolubleinwater,andisafattyacidesterofmonohydroxyalcoholorsterol.
Свещта има сърце и се сбогува със сълзи до зори.——"Сбогуване" на DuMu
Восъчната факла става сива и сълзите започват да изсъхват.——LiShangyin"Untitled"
3.Съкращение за свещ.
Друг пример: восъчен огън (огън на свещ); восъчен дим (дим на свещи); восъчночервен (цвете на свещ); восъчен тамян (миризмата, която се получава, когато свещта е запалена); восъчна светлина (светлина на свещ).
восък (là)
【Дейност】
1.Боя с восък.Като: восъчно олово (восъчно покритие върху хартия или плат за предотвратяване на влага); восъчна книга (рисувана с коприна с восък, копирана от илюстрирана книга); восъчна хартия (хартия, покрита с восък върху повърхността).
2.Seealsozhà.
восък (zhà)
【Дейност】
1.Ancientsacrificialnames.TheZhoudynastycelebratesallthingsattheendoftheyear.
2,великият восък на императора осем.——„Книга за обреди ·Специални жертви в предградията“
Anotherexample:waxwax(year-endsacrifice);waxaltar(waxsacrificealtar);waxbin(ahelperofyear-endsacrifice);waxrope(YouwaxFestival);WaxTemple(theancestralhallforwaxsacrifices);WaxPalace(apalaceforwaxsacrifices);WaxMoon(referstotheDecemberoftheweekcalendar);WaxDay(thedayoftheyear-endwaxsacrificetotheEightGods);WaxSacrifice( sacrificename.Year-end-acrificetothebogoallthings).
3.Seealsolà.
Обяснение на древните книги
KangxiDictionary
"JiYun" и "ZhengYun"𠀤seventthoughtcut,sound覻."SaidWen"isalsoagall."ZhouLi·QiuGuan·WaxNote"wax,meshandblooodcid,waxalsalsomed by мухиинасекоми."TheOrderoftheMoon"каза: погребване на скелета и погребване на костите, тази официална позиция също е.
Againtohelpthedrivercut,thesoundissudden.Year-endfestivalname."RitualLiYun"ZhongNiandYuWaBladder."Notes"Xiasaidthesacredceremony,YinsaidJiaping,Zhousaidwax,andQinsaidla."SuburbSpecialSacrifice"isalsoawaxer,soalso.InDecember,gatherallthingstogetherandenjoyit.
Again"YuPian"hassixcuts,andthesoundisfrowning.Insectname.Thewaxofthewaxfestival."GuangYun"maybewritten."LiuShuZhengzheng"fromthesoundofinsects.Don'tmakeamistake,followtheshow,anddon't.
DialectCollection
◎Гандиалект: læp5
◎Hakkadialect:[Hailuqiang]za5lap8[MeixianDialect]za5[TaiwanFourCountyDialect]za5lap8[HakkaEnglishDictionary]lap8[Baoanqiang]za5|lap8[HakkaPinyinVocabulary]lab6za4
◎ Кантонски: caa3caai3zaa3
◎Chaozhoudialect:lah8
◎p>
Текстуално изследване на произхода
Thecandleoriginatedfromthetorchoftheprimitiveage.Primitivessmearedfatorwaxonbarkorwoodchipsandbundledthemtogethertomaketorchesforlighting.Thebeeswaxthatappearedaroundthe3rdcenturyBCmaybetheembryonicformofcandles.IntheWest,foraperiodoftime,beeswerekeptinmonasteriesandusedtomakebeeswax.ThiswasmainlybecausetheCatholicsbelievedthatbeeswaxwasasymbolofvirginconception,sobeeswaxwasregardedasapurelightandwasenshrinedonchurchaltars..Judgingfromtheexistingliterature,thetimewhenbeeswaxwasproducedinmycountryisroughlythesameasthatintheWest.JapanwasintroducedfrommycountryduringtheNaraperiod(710-784).Comparedwithmoderncandles,ancientcandleshavemanyshortcomings..LiShangyin,apoetintheTangDynasty,hadapoemsaying"Whyshouldwecutcandlesinthewestwindowtogether".Whydoesthepoetcutthecandle?Atthattime,thecandlecorewastwistedwithcottonthreadandstooduprightinthecenteroftheflame.Sinceitcouldnotbeburnedoutandcharred,itwasnecessarytocutofftheendoftheremainingcandlecorewithscissorsfromtimetotime.Thisisundoubtedlyatroublesomething.In1820,theFrenchmanJohnParcherieinventedthecandlecoremadeofthreecottonthreads,whichmadethecandlecorenaturallyloosenwhenitburned,andtheendjustbendstotheoutsideoftheflame,soitcanbecompletelyburned.Butthecandleneedstobefurtherimproved.Itsmaterialisgenerallyanimalfatwithmanyshortcomings.ItisSchereeretal.tosolvethisproblem.BetweenJuneandJuly1809,Coca-Scheffler,France,receivedaletterfromatextilefactoryaskinghimtoanalyzeanddeterminethecompositionofasoftsoapsampletheysent.Heheldthisletterandthoughtforalongtime,thinking:Tostudysoap,itseemsthatyouhavetostartwithrawoils.Inschoolexperimentswithverysimpleequipmentandsimpleequipment,hestudiedthevariousoilsthatneedtobeusedinthesaponificationprocess.Afteralotofexperiments,hediscoveredforthefirsttimethefactthatinallfats,regardlessoftheirsource,thecontentoffattyacidsaccountedfor95%,andtheremaining5%wasglycerinproducedduringthesaponificationprocess.Throughresearch,heclarifiedthenatureofthesaponificationprocess.Atthesametime,healsomadeamajordiscovery:becauseoftheglycerininthecandlesmadeofgreaseatthattime,theyburnedwithsmokeandsmelledunpleasant.Ifstearicacidisusedtomakecandles,notonlywilltheflamebebrightwhenburning,butalsotherewillbealmostnoblacksmokeandnoairpollution.SchaefflertoldGuy-Lussacofhisdiscoveryandsuggestedthatthetwojointlystudyhowtosolvethisproblemindetail.Theysaponifiedtheoilwithastrongbase,andthendecomposedthesoapwithhydrochloricacidtoremovestearicacid.Thisisawhitesubstancewithagreasyfeeltothehand.Candlesmadefromithaveasofttextureandarecheaper.In1825,SchaefflerandGuy-Lussacobtainedapatentfortheproductionofparaffinstearincandles.Theemergenceofparaffinstearincandlesopenedanewerainthehistoryofhumanlighting.Later,someonediscoveredalargeoilfieldinNorthAmerica,soalargeamountofparaffincanbeextractedfromtheoil,andtheidealcandlehasbeenpopularizedandpromotedallovertheworld.
Istumbleduponanarchaeologicalmagazine.ItseemsthatcandleswereinventedbytheEgyptiansmorethan5,000yearsago.WhendidtheChineseusecandles?Atleastinthenineteenthpoems,oillampswereused.,IsuddenlyrealizedthattherewasnosuchthingasacandleinancientChina.IntheancientbooksoftheHanDynasty,waxandcandleweregenerallydiscussedseparately,butthewordcandlewasrarelyusedtogether.
EveryonesawthebronzelampintheHanDynastyinChina.Thereisoftenalongnail-shapedflameinthecenterofthelampshade.Accordingtoitsexistence,archaeologically,Hanlanternsaredividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.
IcheckedthebooksforalongtimeandfoundthatintheHanDynasty,lampswereactuallydividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.Thelamppostsofoillampswerealsocalled"candles"."Candle"meansthatthelamppostmustbeimmersedingrease;thegreaseisanimalfat,andvegetableoilwasusedtolightthelampatthattime."QiMinYaoShuZong.MaZiPian"said:"Juma(thatis,thefemaleplantofcannabis)hasblackseeds,solidandheavy,poundedtomakecandles,nothemp.""Candlesticks"refertolightsandhavelittletodowithcandles.
Asforthefuelforlightingthelamp,Isawthatthearchaeologicalmagazinementionedthat"theyellowwaxcakewasfoundoccasionallyinthetomboftheHanDynasty."ThisshowsthatthegeneralsituationoftheHanlanternisthatthelampisfilledwithgrease,butwaxcanalsobeusedtoburnthelamp.Thewaxinthewaxlampwasmeltedandusedasanointment.Peoplefinallyfoundanexample,asmentionedinthe"ReportontheExcavationoftheTomboftheNanyueKingintheWesternHanDynasty";inthelateEasternHanDynasty,thewaxplatformwasthefirsttoappearintheHantombinGuangzhou.Itprovesthattheslendercolumnarcandleshaveenteredtheranksoflightingsuppliesatthattime.
Finally,therewerecandlesinChinainthelateEasternHanDynasty,buttheywerenotwidelyused,andtheirshapesweredifferentfrommodernones.Pushingupfurther,whethercandleshavebeenusedduringtheWarringStatesandQinandHanDynastiesisanunresolvedquestion.ItismentionedintheliteraturethatcandlesfirstappearedintheJinDynasty."JinShuZhouZhuanBiography"wrotethatsomeone"threwitwithalightedcandle.""ShiShuoXinYu"hasthestoryofShiChong"usingcandlesascooking".AftertheJinDynasty,thereweremanyreferencestocandlesintheliterature.Asforthepre-Jinperiod,thereisstillalackofreliablewrittenrecords.Infact,thereareonlyasmallamountofarchaeologicalmaterials,suchasthearchaeologicalmaterialsmentionedabove;
<Guitianlu>Oillamps.Especiallygoodatnightbanquetsanddrinks,althoughthedormitoryalsoburnscandles.Everytimeafterdismissal,peoplegototheofficialresidence,seethetoiletandtearsontheground,ofteninpiles."ItcanbeseenthatuntiltheSongDynasty,itisstilloil*candleexpensive.
Има статии, които казват: „Xijing Miscellaneous Notes“ има „King of Minyueпредставя Gaodi...200 медени свещи“, казвайки, че „медените свещи са свещи“, но това е единствено доказателство. Нещо повече, има записи в „XijingZaji“ могат да се използват само за справка.
Lookattherawmaterialsofcandles,thereareyellowwax,whitewaxandsoon.Yellowwaxisbeeswaxandwhitewaxisthewaxsecretedbytermiteinsects.TheuseofbeeswaxisgenerallybelievedtohaveoriginatedintheTangDynasty,andsometextualresearchbeganintheHanandWeiDynasties.Theabove-mentioned"theoccasionaldiscoveryofyellowwaxcakesinHantombs"isphysicalevidence,sotheuseofbeeswaxwasearlierthanthatofwhitewax.Therearerecordsofbeeswaxorbeeswaxin"ShenNong'sMateriaMedica",ZhangHua's"NaturalHistory",TaoHongjing's"FamousDoctors",whichareusedformedicinalpurposes.Fromthispointofview,thewaxusedintheEasternHanDynastywasbeeswax.Butprobablythenumberisnotlarge,andtheuseisnotcommon,sothelampcandleisstillmadewithgrease,oralayerofwaxisplacedoutsidethegreasecandletoreducethetearsofthecandle,oralittlewaxisaddedtothegrease.Somedataindicatethatthemeltingpointisrelativelylowwhengreaseisusedasacandle,sothecandlesatthattimearerelativelythickandshort.ThismaybewhythecandlelightsinthestoneportraitsoftheHanDynastyarerelativelythickandshort,insteadofthelongandthinshapesdepictedinthemuralsofTangLishou'stomb.
Често използвани думи
Waxwhite, восъчна плоча, пастел, восъчножълто, восъчна резба, батик, восък, восъчна хартия, свещ, восъчна фигура, восъчно масло.