Масдар

Въведение

Masdarisafascinatingexampleofasustainablecommunity.Duringthedesignprocess,NormanFoster,theleadpartnerofFosterArchitects,combinedhigh-techdesignwithancientarchitecturalexperience.AbuDhabi’sstrongoilrevenueallowsthemtobuildanybuildinginMasdar,althoughinordertoprepareforthedaywhentheoilwelldriesup,thepressureonAbuDhabiisincreasing.Atwork,Fosterexperiencedacomfortingsocialatmosphere.Thelocaltraditionandthepaceofmodernizationnolongerconflict,thiskindofharmonyfirstmakespeoplefeelakindofhope.Inaddition,Foster'sdesignalsoreflectsthegrowingpopularityofgatedcommunities.Overthepastfewdecades,gatedcommunitieshavebeenspreadingaroundtheworldlikecancer.Thiskindofcommunitypossessesutopianpurityanddoesnotoverlapwiththelifeofneighboringcommunities.Thesecharacteristicsarecurrentlyacceptedandrecognizedbythevastmajorityofpeople.Itfeelsliketheonlywaytobuildatrulyharmoniouscommunity-whetheritisagreencommunityoranothercommunity-istobeas"closed"aspossible.

Fosteristheidealpersontocompletethisdesignwork.Heisafull-fledgedtechnologyjunkieandhasworkedcloselywithBuckmistFuller.Whenreferringtoarchitecture,helikestousethewords"highperformance".Itseemsthatwhathedesignsisnotabuilding,butasportscar.Tosomeextent,Fosterismostconcernedabouttheconstructioncraftsmanship,thatis,thetechnologyandmaterialsused,whichhasbecomeasimplewayforhimtoavoidgettinginvolvedinmorecomplexsocialinfluencedebates.

Градоустройство

OnJanuary21,2008,atthe"WorldFutureEnergySummit"heldinAbuDhabi,thecapitaloftheUnitedArabEmirates,thehostshowedtheworldtheupcomingAmodelofMasdarCity,theworld'smostenvironmentallyfriendlycity,knownasthe"SunCity".Accordingtotheplan,thiswillbetheworld'sfirst"environmentalprotectioncity"thatcompletelyreliesonsolarandwindenergytoachieveenergyself-sufficiencyandzeroemissionsofsewage,carexhaustandcarbondioxide.

DesignerFostersaid:“MasdarCity’szero-carbonandzero-wasteenvironmentalprotectiongoalsarethefirstintheworld.ThesponsorsprovideduswithchallengingdesignideasandaskedustofundamentalPeoplequestionedthetraditionalconceptofurbanconstruction.MasdarCitywilldefinitelybecomeabenchmarkforsustainablecitiesinthefuture."

Генериране на слънчева вятърна енергия

AlthoughtheUAEisTheworld'sfifthlargestoilexporter,butMasdarwillnotuseadropofoil,butcanfullyachieveenergyself-sufficiency.Therewillbealargenumberofsolarphotovoltaicequipmentinsideandoutsidethecity,aswellaswindenergycollectionandutilizationfacilities,sothattheabundantdesertsunlightandoffshorewindenergyresourcescanbefullyutilized.Aftercompletion,thedesertaroundthecitywillbecoveredwithcountlesssolarphotovoltaicpanelsandreflectors,whichcanconvertsolarenergyintoelectricity.Inaddition,palmtreesandmangroveswillbeplantedaroundthecitytoformagreenbeltaroundthecity.Whileimprovingtheenvironment,thesetreescanproviderawmaterialsformakingbiofuels.Inthefuture,manylargewindmillserectedbetweentheseaandthedesertwillalsobecomeauniquelandscapehere.

ThehotsummerintheUnitedArabEmirateslasts9-10monthseveryyear.Thesurfacetemperatureunderdirectsunlightisabove50degreesCelsius,andtheenergyconsumptionofairconditioningisamazing.Masdarneusesavarietyofgreencoolingmethods:

Firstofall,thenarrowtree-linedstreetsinthecitycriss-cross.However,itisnottreesthatprovideshade,butafiltermadeofaspecialmaterialthatcoverstheskyabovethecity.

Secondly,adevicecalleda"windtower"willbebuiltinthecitytousewindenergy,airflowandwatercirculationtoformanaturalairconditioner.

Thirdly,thedenseriverchannelsandfountainsinthecitycanalsoplayaroleincoolingandincreasinghumidity.

Fourth,thestreetsinthecityaredesignedtobeverynarrow,someplacesareonlyabout3meterswide,andalargenumberofpalmtreesandmangrovesareplantedaroundthecity,thepurposeistoreducedirectsunlightandincreaseshade.

Градове без коли

Masdar’surbanplanningisuniformandhighlyefficient.Allbuildingsarelimitedto5storiesinheighttomaximizeReduceenergyconsumption.The12-meter-highcitywallenclosesMasdar,justlikethemagnificentancientcity.Afterthecompletionof"SunCity",itwillbecomeacitywithoutcars.Aftervisitorsparktheircarsoutsidethecitywalls,theymustwalk,ridebicycles,ortakedriverlesspublictramswhentheyenterthecity.Thiskindofpublictramrunsontracksinmid-air.Duetotheperfecttransportationsystemandreasonablelayout,thedistancefromanyplacetothenearesttransportationnetworkandconveniencefacilitiesisnomorethan200meters,andthecarwillbeuselesshere.

Theideaof​​energysavingevenbenefitsoutsidethecity.AnelectricrailwaysystemwillconnectMasdarCityandsurroundingcities.Duetotheeliminationofcarexhaust,thelivingenvironmenthereissimplythe"PeachBlossomSpring"ofthenewera.

Привличане на инвестиции и набиране на кадри

Inadditiontoalargenumberofresidences,MasdarCityalsohasabusinessdistrictthatcanaccommodateatleast1,500companies.Inordertoattractinvestment,AbuDhabialsointroducedapackageofincentivepolicies,includingone-stopgovernmentservices,taxexemptions,andprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights.Internationalinvestorswhodevelopandoperateadvancedenergytechnologieswillbeparticularlyfavoredbytheauthorities.Inaddition,therearegovernmentoffices,residentialareas,sciencemuseums,educationandentertainmentfacilitiesinthecity.

Inordertorecruittalents,theUAEestablishedaUS$250millioncleantechnologyinvestmentfundasearlyas2006,and,togetherwiththeMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,establishedtheInstituteofResearchandEducationinAbuDhabi.Theplanistoattracttalentedscientists,engineersandentrepreneurs.SultanJaberistheCEOofthecompanyestablishedbytheUAEgovernmenttomanagethe"SunCity".Hebelieves:"AbuDhabi'srichoilreserveswilleventuallybeexhausted.InvestinghugeoilandnaturalgasrevenuesintheSunCityprojectwillenabletheUAEtomaintainitsleadingpositioninthefieldofnewenergydevelopmentinthefuture."

Екологични цели

TheenvironmentalgoalsthatMasdarCitywantstoachieveareveryclear:zerocarbon,zerowasteandsustainabledevelopment.

100%oftheenergyoftheentirecitywillbeprovidedbyrenewableenergy,mainlysolarenergy.Theelectricenergyprovidedbysolarenergywillalsobeusedtodrivetherefrigerationsystemandoperatethedesalinationplant.

Theroofsofmostbuildingsinthecitywillbeusedtocollectsolarenergy,andtheoveralllayoutofthestreetwillcreatea"microzone"tomaintainaircirculationintheusualhumidclimate.99%ofthegarbageintheentirecityshallnotbedisposedofbylandfill,andwillberecycled,reusedorusedasfertilizerasmuchaspossible.Thetreesinthecityandthecropsplantedoutsidethecitywillbeirrigatedwithtreatedwastewatertoachievethegoalofsavingwaterby50%comparedtotheaveragecity.

MasdarCitywillbelayingalightrailtoAbuDhabi.Travelinthecityreliesonhumanizedandfastbuses.Startingfromanyplaceinthecity,thedistancetothenearesttransportationnetworkandconvenientfacilitiesisnomorethan200meters.Therefore,citizensdonotneedtodriveacartotravel.

Мерки за опазване на околната среда

Electricity:UsethehotdesertsunandtheseabreezeinthePersianGulftocreatewindandphotovoltaicpowerplants

Energy:Alargenumberofpalmtreesandmangrovesareplantedtoproducebio-energy

Watersaving:Sewagerecyclingandreuse,seawaterdesalinationanddesalination,reclaimedwatertoirrigategardensandfarms

Building:Limitedto5floors

Transportation:Publictramsreplacecars,thedistancetothenearesttransportationnetworkandconveniencefacilitiesNomorethan200meters

Environment:Surroundedbycanals,tree-linedwalkscrisscross,andgurglingwaterbringsacoolfeelingtoresidents

Urbanplanning:The12-meterhighwallmoat,basedonthetraditionalArabianopen-airbazaar,thestreetisinstalledwithsolarcollectorstoabsorbsolarenergy

Историческо значение

TheUAEistheworld’slargestpetrochemicalindustryOneoftheproductproducingcountrieshasinvestedintheconstructionoftheworld'sfirst"ZeroCarbonCity".Thiscontrastiseye-catching.

TheheadoftheWWF"LivingontheSamePlanet"projectJeanLenosaid:"AbuDhabiembarksonanewjourneytodaytobecomethecenteroftheglobalrenewableenergyrevolution."WWFItisoneofthesponsorsofMasdarCityConstructionPlan.

JeanLenosaid:"TheUAEisthefirstcountryintheproductionofpetrochemicalproductstotakeanimportantsteptowardssustainablesurvival.Masdarisamodelofthistransformation."

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