Въведение
TheInternetEngineeringTaskForce,establishedattheendof1985,isthemostauthoritativeInternettechnologystandardizationorganizationintheworld.ItsmaintaskistoberesponsibleforthedevelopmentandformulationofInternet-relatedtechnicalspecifications.MostoftheinternationalInternettechnologystandardscomefromtheIETF.
IETFisaninternationalnon-governmentalorganizationspontaneouslyparticipatedandmanagedbyexpertswhohavecontributedtoInternettechnologyengineeringanddevelopment.Itbringstogethernetworkdesigners,operatorsandresearchersrelatedtotheevolutionoftheInternetarchitectureandstableoperationoftheInternet,andisopentoallthoseinterestedintheindustry.AnyonecanregistertoparticipateinIETFmeetings.
Основни задачи
ThemaintaskoftheIETFistoberesponsibleforthedevelopmentandformulationofInternet-relatedtechnicalstandards.Itisanauthoritativenetwork-relatedtechnologyresearchgroupintheinternationalInternetindustry.AlargeamountoftechnicalworkoftheIETFisundertakenandcompletedbyvariousinternalworkinggroups(WorkingGroup,referredtoasWG).Theseworkinggroupsareorganizedaccordingtovariousresearchtopicsofdifferentcategories.Beforetheestablishmentoftheworkinggroup,someresearcherswillspontaneouslyconductresearchonatopicthroughthemailgroup.Whentheresearchismoremature,theycanapplytotheIETFtosetupaninterestgroup(birdsofafeather,BOFforshort)tocarryoutthepreparatoryworkfortheworkinggroup.Afterthepreparatoryworkiscompleted,theworkinggroupcanbeestablishedaftertheupper-levelresearchandapprovaloftheIETF.TheworkinggroupconductsspecialresearchintheIETFframework,suchasspecialworkinggroupsonrouting,transmission,security,etc.Anyoneinterestedinthistechnologycanfreelyparticipateinthediscussionandputforwardtheirownviews.Eachworkinggrouphasanindependentmailgroup,andthemembersoftheworkinggroupexchangeinformationthroughmail.TheIETFholdsthreemeetingsayear,withascaleofmorethan1,000people.
Архитектура
IETFarchitectureisdividedintothreecategories,oneistheInternetАрхитектураBoard(IAB),thesecondistheInternetEngineeringSteeringCommittee(IESG),andthethirdisinWorkingGroupineightareas.Thestandardformulationworkisspecificallyundertakenbytheworkinggroup,whichisdividedintoeightareas,namelyInternetrouting,transmission,applicationareas,andsoon.IABmembersareselectedbyIETFparticipants.Theymainlymonitortheworkingconditionsofvariousworkinggroups.ItmustseriouslyconsiderwhattheInternetis,whatchangesitistakingplace,andwhatweneedittodo.ThemainresponsibilityoftheInternetEngineeringSteeringCommittee(IESG)istoreceivereportsfromvariousworkinggroups,reviewtheirwork,andthenputforwardguidingopinionsonthevariousstandardsandrecommendationstheyputforward,andevenGivecertainguidancefromtheworkdirection,qualityandprocedure.
TheIETFisbasicallynotinvolvedintheapplicationfield,butstillhasanapplicationfield.Inaddition,allresearchtopicsthatarenotincludedintheabove-mentionedfieldsareclassifiedintothiscategory.TheIETFactuallyhashundredsofworkinggroups,andthisiswheretheworkisactuallydone.ThecommunicationworkoftheIETFismainlycarriedoutinthemailgroupsestablishedbyvariousworkinggroups,whichisalsothemainworkingmethodoftheIETF.
IETFproducestwokindsofdocuments,oneiscalledInternetDraft,or"InternetDraft",andthesecondiscalledRFC.Itsnamecomesfromhistoricalreasons.Itwasoriginallycalledarequestforopinions,anditsnameInfact,itisnotconsistentwithitscontent.
InternetDraftcanbesubmittedbyanyonewithoutanyspecialrestrictions,andothermemberscanalsotakeanindifferentattitudetowardsit,andmanyimportantdocumentsoftheIETFstartfromthisDraft.ItshouldbenotedthatjusttobecomeanInternetDraftismeaningless.InternetDraftactuallyhasseveralpurposes.SomeofthemaresubmittedtobecomeRFCs,someofthemareproposedfordiscussion,andsomeofthemwanttopublishsomearticles.
RFCismoreformal,andithasbeenarchivedinhistory.Generallyspeaking,itscontentwillnotbechangedafteritisapprovedforpublication.TherearemanykindsofRFCs.Thefirstisthatitisastandard,andthesecondisthatitisexperimental.RFCisnothingmorethansayingthatpeoplewanttodosuchathingtogether,tryit,andtheotheristhatitishistorical.,Thisisarecordofpeoplewhohavedonesomethingwrongornotworking.Anotheriscalledintroductoryinformation.
IETFispositionedasamultinationalnon-governmentalorganizationforInternettechnologyresearchanddevelopment.AlthoughmanyInternettechnicalspecificationshavebeendiscussedintheIETFandhavebecomerecognizedstandards,theyarestilldifferentfromtraditionalstandards-makingorganizationsliketheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU-InternationalTelecommunicationUnion).ParticipantsofIETFarevolunteers.MostofthemaccomplishthefollowingmissionsoftheorganizationthroughthethreemeetingsheldeachyearbyIETF:*IdentifytheoperationandtechnicalproblemsoftheInternetandproposesolutions;
*DetailsExplainthedevelopmentoruseofInternetprotocols,andsolvecorrespondingproblems;
*MakerecommendationstoIESGonInternetprotocolstandardsanduses;
*PromotethetechnologyoftheInternetResearchTaskForce(IRTF)TheresearchresultsarepromotedtotheInternetcommunity;
*ItprovidesaforumforinformationexchangeincludingInternetusers,researchers,marketers,contractorsandmanagers.
Архитектура
AlargeamountoftechnicalworkoftheIETFisundertakenandcompletedbyvariousinternalworkinggroups(WG).Theseworkinggroupsareorganizedaccordingtovariousresearchtopicsofdifferentcategories.Beforetheestablishmentoftheworkinggroup,someresearchersspontaneouslyconductresearchonatopicthroughthemailgroup.Whentheresearchismoremature,youcanapplytotheIETFtosetupaninterestgroup(birdsofafeather,referredtoasBOF)tocarryoutthepreparatoryworkfortheworkinggroup.Afterthepreparatoryworkiscompleted,aworkinggroupcanbeestablishedaftertheupper-levelresearchandapprovaloftheIETF.TheworkinggroupconductsspecialresearchintheIETFframework,suchasspecialworkinggroupsonrouting,transmission,security,etc.Anyoneinterestedinthistechnologycanfreelyparticipateinthediscussionandputforwardtheirownviews.Eachworkinggrouphasanindependentmailgroup,andthemembersoftheworkinggroupexchangeinformationthroughmail.TheIETFholdsthreemeetingsayear,withascaleofmorethan1,000people.
JobClassification
IETFclassifiesworkinggroupsintodifferentfields,andeachfieldismanagedbyseveralAreaDirectors(AD).
TheInternetEngineeringSteeringCommittee(TheInternetEngineeringSteeringGroup,referredtoasIESG)istheupper-levelorganizationoftheIETF.ItiscomposedofsomeexpertsandAD,andhasachairposition.
TheInternationalInternetАрхитектураBoard(InternetАрхитектураBoard,IABforshort)isresponsiblefortheoveralltechnicaladviceoftheInternetsociety,andappointstheIETFchairmanandIESGmembers.IABandIETFaremembersoftheInternetSociety(ISOC).
TheInternationalInternetNumberAssignmentAgency(IANA)isresponsiblefortheallocationofimportantnumberresourcesintheInternet,andtheallocationandcoordinationofimportantresourcenumbersusedinalargenumberofInternetprotocols.
Полета
IETFclassifiesworkinggroupsintodifferentfields,andeachfieldismanagedbyseveralAreaDirectors(AD).TheInternetEngineeringSteeringGroup(IESG)istheupper-levelorganizationoftheIETF.ItiscomposedofsomeexpertsandAD,andhasachairposition.TheInternetАрхитектураBoard(IAB)isresponsiblefortheoveralltechnicaladviceoftheInternetsocietyandappointstheIETFchairmanandIESGmembers.IABandIETFaremembersoftheInternetSociety(ISOC).
TheInternationalInternetNumberAssignmentAgency(IANA)isresponsiblefortheallocationofimportantnumberresourcesintheInternet,andtheallocationandcoordinationofimportantresourcenumbersusedinalargenumberofInternetprotocols.
>Beforethe1990s,theIETFwasfavoredbythecomputerpublishingindustry.Itclaimsthatitwillbeamoreagile,modestandopenstandardizationentitycomparedtothedull,noisyISOandITU-Tbureaucracy.Unfortunately,theefficiencyoftheIETFthroughoutthe1980swasanaturalresultofitsrelativelysmallsize,andthendisappeared.
In1993,mostobserversclearlydiscoveredthattheInternetisbecomingthenextsupermediumofcommunication;andthecompetingOSIprojecthasfailed.Suddenly,alltheguyswithalittletechnicalknowledgetriedtomakeafortuneincomputerhistorybyparticipatingintheIETF.Thesizeoftheworkinggroupskyrocketed,anditsefficiencyplummetedasaresult.
Themostnotoriousandwell-documentedIETFproblemmayhaveoccurredwhenTimBerners-LeewastheleaderoftheWorldWideWebConsortium(W3C)whenhetriedtopersonallyleadWebstandards.developmentof.AccordingtowhathesaidlaterinthebookWeavingtheWeb(WeavingtheWeb),everyonewhohasexperiencedtoomuchwantstoexpresstheirviewsonthefutureoftheirowninnovationHefailedattheIETFmeetinganddidnothing.
In2003and2004,IETFChairmanHaraldAlvestrandcarriedoutmoderateinstitutionalreformstoadapttothefactthattheIETFisalreadyalargeandmaturestandardizationorganization,andisnolongerasmallSpecialworkinggroup.
Предишни президенти на IETF
Браян Карпентър (2005-2018)
Харалд Твейт Алвестранд (2001-2005)
ФредБейкър (1996-2001)
Пол Мокапетрис (1994-1995)
Фил Грос (1986-1993)
Майк Кориган (1986)
Вижте
Стандартизация
RFC