Значение
Intelligencereferstotheabilityofpeopletorecognizeandunderstandobjectivethingsanduseknowledge,experienceandotherproblem-solvingcapabilities,includingmemory,observation,imagination,thinking,judgment,etc.;referstoknowingandunderstandingTheabilitytosolveobjectivethingsanduseknowledgeandexperiencetosolveproblems.
Подробно обяснение
1.IntelligenceandCourage."Guanzi·DescriptionoftheSituation":"Ifyoucangoawayandrisefromtheintelligenceoftheworld,youwillbemoreblessedwithease."HanBanBiao"WangMingLun":"Idon'tknowSacredtoolsaredestinedandcannotbesoughtbyintelligence."TangWuJing"Politicians·DefencetheRiseandFall":"TheQinfamilyisfullofintelligenceandcannibalizetheprinces."MingLiuJi,"FollowSongs"":"Thedragonandthesnakearenotclear,theintelligenceisstrivingforstrength."
2.Peoplecanrecognize,understandthingsanduseknowledge,experience,etc.Theabilitytoquestion.ZhouJianren"HowDarwin's"EvolutionTheory"AttractedMe":"Hisintelligenceisnotoutstanding,buthehashisownhobbiesandhasperseverance.""XinhuaMonthlyReport,No.10,1954:"Thecountrypaysspecialattentiontothephysicalandintellectualdevelopmentofyoungpeople."
3.Intelligencereferstotheabilitytosolveproblemswithwisdom.
4. Различни дефиниции на интелекта
People’sabilitytoacceptandbuildknowledgeisoftenregardedasintelligence.Regardingintelligence,scientistshavedifferentdefinitions.Thefollowingarethedefinitionsofintelligencebyseveralscientists.
Wisterw:Intelligencereferstotheindividual’spotentialtoadapttonewsituationswithconsciousnessthroughthinkingactivities.Itisanindividual’spsychologicalgeneralitytowardsnewproblemsandnewconditionsinlife.adaptability.
Terman:Intelligenceistheabilityofabstractthinking.
Бъкингхан: Интелигентността е способност за учене.
Storddard:Intelligenceistheabilitytoengageindifficult,complex,abstract,agileandcreativeactivities,aswellastheabilitytoconcentrateandmaintainemotionalstability.
Piaget:Theessenceofintelligenceisadaptationtobalancetheindividualwiththeenvironment.
Guilford:Intelligenceistheabilitytoprocessinformation.
Inshort,intelligencecanberegardedasthesynthesisofvariouscognitiveabilitiesofanindividual,withspecialemphasisontheabilitytosolvenewproblems,abstractthinking,learningability,andadaptabilitytotheenvironment.
Съставни фактори
Наблюдение
referstotheabilityofthebraintoobservethings,suchasdiscoveringnovelthingsthroughobservation,etc.Haveanewunderstandingofsound,smell,temperature,etc.duringtheobservationprocess,andimprovetheabilitytounderstandtheessenceofthingsthroughobservationofphenomena.Wecanaddsometrainingcontentsuchasobservationandimaginationitemstothelearningandtraining,andthroughtrainingtoimprovethestudents'observationandimagination.
внимание
referstotheabilityofaperson'smentalactivitytopointtoandconcentrateonsomething.Forexample,ourgoodstudentscanconcentrateonreadingbooksandresearchtopicsforalongtime,whiletheirinterestinotherirrelevantgamesandactivitiesaregreatlyreduced.Thisisamanifestationofstrongattention.
памет
istheabilitytoremember,maintain,re-recognizeandreproducethecontentandexperiencereflectedbyobjectivethings.Forexample,whenweareold,westillremembertheimagesofourfathersandmotherswhenwewereyoung,andthefamilyenvironmentwhenwewereyoung.Itisthathumanmemoryisatwork.
Способност за мислене
istheindirectandgeneralabilityofthehumanbraintoreflectobjectivethings.Afterpeoplelearntoobservethings,hewillgraduallyclassifyandsummarizevariousobjects,events,andexperiences,andhecangeneralizedifferenttypesthroughthinking.Способност за мисленеisthecoreofintelligence.
Въображение
Itistheabilityofapersontocreateanewimageinthemindbasedontheexistingimage.Forexample,whenyoutalkaboutcars,Iimmediatelyimaginedallkindsofcarimages.Therefore,imaginationisgenerallycompletedonthebasisofmasteringacertainaspectofknowledge.
Подобрена диета
Walnuts:TheoilcontainedinWalnutscansupplytheneedsofthebrainmatrix.Themineralelementszincandmanganesecontainedinwalnutsareimportantcomponentsofthepituitarygland.Regularconsumptionofwalnutsisbeneficialtothenutritionalsupplementofthebrainandhastheeffectofstrengtheningthebrain.
Eggs:Eggsarerichinlecithin,triglycerides,andlecithin,whichhastheeffectofinvigoratingthebrainandimprovingtheintelligence,anditisveryhelpfulforhumandevelopmentandnervoussystem.HumandigestionLecithinAfterthat,cholinecanbereleased,whichcanimprovememoryofallages.
Влияещи фактори
Диета
Peoplearecreatedbynature.Foodisthematerialbasisoflifeandthebrain.Fooddetermineslifeandthehealthofthebrain.Alargenumberofresearchresultshaveshownthatthelackofcertainfoodswillmakethebrainunhealthyandevencausenobrains.Humanelitesaremainlycoincidentalscientificdiets.Therefore,ifthiscoincidenceisturnedintoscience-personalizedscientificdiets,peoplecanbecomesmarter.
Наследственост и среда
Geneticqualityisthebiologicalprerequisiteforthedevelopmentofintelligence.Goodgeneticqualityisthebasisandnaturalconditionforintellectualdevelopment.Studieshavefoundthatthecloserthegeneticrelationship,themoresimilartheintelligencebetweenindividuals.Butheredityonlyprovidesthepossibilityforintellectualdevelopment.Tomakethepossibilityofintellectualdevelopmentbecomereality,italsoneedsthejointeffectofmanyaspectsofsociety,familyandschooleducation.Intermsoftheeffectofheredityandenvironmentonintelligence,hereditydeterminestheupperlimitofintellectualdevelopment.Thisupperlimitcanonlybereachedunderanidealandtimelyenvironment;thehighertheupperlimitdeterminedbyheredity,thegreatertheeffectoftheenvironment.
Ранен опит
Thespeedofhumanintellectualdevelopmentisuneven.Studieshaveshownthatthemoreexperiencegainedintheearlystages,thefastertheintellectualdevelopment.Manypeoplecallpreschoolageacriticalperiodofintellectualdevelopment.U.S.Bloomputforwardanimportanthypothesisthatregards5yearsoldasthemostrapidperiodofintellectualdevelopment.Iftheintelligencelevelof17yearsoldis100%,then50%willbegainedfrombirthto4yearsold.Oftheintelligence,theremaining30%wereacquiredattheageof4-7,andtheother20%wereacquiredattheageof8-17.
Училищно образование
Intelligenceisnotborn,educationandteachingplayaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofintelligence.Educationandteachingnotonlyenablechildrentogaintheknowledgeandexperienceofpredecessors,butalsopromotethedevelopmentofchildren'spsychologicalabilities.Forexample,whenteachersuseanalysisandgeneralizationmethodstoteachcoursecontent,theynotonlyenablestudentstoobtainrelevantknowledge,butalsomasterthismethodasameansofthinking.IfthisexternalteachingmethodandlearningmethodisgraduallytransformedintointernalgeneralizationTheabilityofthinkinginthisareaisformed.
Социална практика
Humanintelligenceisgraduallydevelopedinthepracticeofunderstandingandtransformingtheobjectiveworld.Socialpracticeisnotonlyanimportantwaytolearnknowledge,butalsoanimportantfoundationforintellectualdevelopment.Edison'senlightenmentteacherwashismother,butexperimentswerethebasisofhiscreationandinvention,andanimportantconditionfortheformationofhistalents.
Субективно усилие
Thedecisiveroleofenvironmentandeducationcanonlymechanicallyandpassivelyinfluencethedevelopmentofability.Withoutsubjectiveeffortandpersonaldiligence,itisimpossibletoachievecareersuccessandabilitydevelopment.Manyoutstandingthinkers,scientists,andartistsintheworld,nomatterhowdifferenttheircareersare,theyallhavesomethingincommon,thatis,theyareobsessedwiththeircareersandpersistinPerseverance,hardwork,tenaciousfightagainstdifficulties.Withoutthese,theycanonlybemediocrepeople.Itisimpossibletoachievesuccess,andthereisnowaytoimprovetheirability.
Свързани теории
Ментални измервания
MindMeasurementsarebasedontheinnatedifferencesinintelligence,thatis,thedifferencebetweenhighandlow.Inordertoquantifythedifferencebetweenhighandlow,peopleproposetouseatestmethodtoachieveit.ThisiswhatwecalltheIntelligenceQuotienttest(IQtest).
IntelligenceQuotient:IntelligenceQuotient,referredtoasIQ.
Intelligenceismeasuredbyintelligencetestsinanarrowdefinition(seeIQ).Thesetestsarethemostaccurate(reliableandeffective)mentalmeasurementtests,buttheyarenotusedtomeasurecreativity,personality,character,orwisdom.Therearemanywaystotestintelligence,buttheyallmeasurethesameintelligence.Thegfactorhasalwaysbeenregardedasamajormeasurementfactorinintelligencetests.
Someresearchershavesuggestedthatintelligenceisnotasinglequantityorconceptbutasetofrelativelyindependentabilities.
Множество интелекта
HarvardUniversitypsychologistGardnerproposedtheMultipleIntelligenceTheoryin1983.Hebelievesthatthedefinitionofintelligenceinthepastwastoonarrowandfailedtoaccuratelyreflectaperson'strueability.InthebookFramesofMind,heproposedthathumanintelligencecanbedividedintoatleastsevencategories(laterincreasedtonine):
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.b>(Logical)
2.Language(Linguistic)
3.Spatial(Spatial)
4.Music(Musical)
5. Кинестетичен
6.Introspection(Intra-personal)
7.Inter-personal(Inter-personal)
8.NaturalExploration(Naturalist)
9.ExistentialWisdom(Existential)
Успешна интелигентност
SternbergofYaleUniversityIhavebeenengagedintheresearchofintelligenceforalongtime,andputforwardthetheoryofsuccessfulintelligence(Successfulintelligence),whichmakespeoplerealizethatthesuccessoflifemainlydependsontheintelligencequotient(IQ),butdependsonthesuccessfulintelligence.Sternbergnotonlyengagesintheoreticalresearchonsuccessfulintelligence,butalsoconductspracticalexperiments.His"Успешна интелигентност"(1996)isquiteinfluential,andthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoChinese.
Regardingtheconceptofsuccessfulintelligence,Sternberg(1998)believesthatweshouldpaylessattentiontosometraditionalconceptsofintelligence,especiallytheconceptofIQ,andpaymoreattentiontowhathecallssuccessfulintelligence.Intheprefaceofhisbook"Успешна интелигентност",hementionedinterestinglythathehadfailedtheIQtestinelementaryschool,andhewasdeterminedtoshowthatifhesucceedsinthefuture,itisnotthefunctionofhisIQ.Forthisreason,hefinallyembarkedonthepathofexploringintelligenceandstrivingtofindtheintelligencethatcantrulypredictfuturesuccess.Theso-called"successfulintelligence"referstotheabilitytoadaptto,change,andchoosetheenvironmentinordertocompletethegoalsoftheindividualandthegrouporculture.Ifapersonhasasuccessfulintelligence,thenheknowswhentoadapttotheenvironment,whentochangetheenvironment,whentochoosetheenvironment,andbeabletobalancethethree.Peoplewithsuccessfulintelligencecanrecognizetheirownstrengthsandweaknesses,andthentheycanusetheirstrengthsineverypossibleway,andatthesametime,theycancompensatefortheirweaknessesorshortcomings.Thisisoneofthereasonswhypeoplearesuccessful.
„Истинската интелигентност“ на Пъркинс
AnotherpsychologistfromHarvardUniversity,D.Perkins,proposed"Trueintelligence"in1996.).HecheckedalargenumberofstudiesonIQtestsandthepromotionofIQ,andthenproposed:IQincludesthreemaincomponentsordimensions:
ThefirstisNeuralintelligence:Thisreferstotheeffectivenessofthenervoussystem.Andaccuracy.Neuro-intelligencehasthecharacteristicof"Useitorloseit".Obviously,neuro-intelligencecanbemaintainedandstrengthenedthroughtheuseofinnatefactors.Neuro-intelligenceissomewhatsimilartofluidintelligencereferredtobyR.B.Cattell.
Thesecondisempiricalintelligence(Experientialintelligence):Thisreferstotheknowledgeandexperienceaccumulatedbyindividualsindifferentfields.Thiscanbeseenastheaccumulationofallpersonalexpertise.Thebasisofempiricalintelligenceistheaccumulationofknowledgeandexperience,whichcanenablepeopletohavehigh-levelskillsinoneormorefields.Apersonwhogrewupinapoorstimulusenvironmenthadasignificantdifferenceinintelligencecomparedtoapersonwhogrewupinarichlearningenvironment.Arichlearningenvironmentcanpromoteempiricalintelligence.TheempiricalintelligenceissomewhatsimilartothecrystalintelligencedescribedbyCartel.
ThethirdisReflectiveintelligence:Thisreferstoawiderangeofstrategiesforsolvingproblems,learningandcompletingchallengingintellectualtasks.Itincludesvariousattitudesthatsupportpersistence,systemism,andimagination.Itincludesself-monitoringandself-management.Introspectiveintelligencecanbeseenasacontrolsystemthathelpstoeffectivelyuseneuralintelligenceandempiricalintelligence.Peoplecanlearnstrategiestouseneuro-intelligenceandempiricalintelligencemoreeffectively.IntrospectiveintelligenceissimilartoconceptssuchasMetacognitionandCognitivemonitoring.
Три фактора
RobertSternbergputsforwardthetheoryofthreefactorsofintelligence,andbelievesthatintelligenceconsistsofthreeparts—components,experience,andcontext.
Componentialintelligence(Componentialintelligence)referstothementalprocessesthatrelyonthinkingandproblemsolving.
Experientialintelligencereferstotheabilityofpeopletodealwithproblemsintwoextremesituations:novelorconventionalproblems.
Contextualintelligenceisreflectedintheprocessingofdailythings.Itincludesadaptingtonewanddifferentenvironments,choosingtherightenvironmentandeffectivelychangingtheenvironmenttosuityourneeds.
Спорове
Scholarswhostudyhumanintelligencehavefacedalotofcriticismfrompublicopinion—eventothepointthatordinaryscientistscannotbearit.Somecontroversialtopicsinclude:
1.Fromtheperspectiveofmentalmeasurementtheoryandthedifferenceinviewingthistopicinacommonsense;
2. Значението на интелигентността в ежедневието;
3.Theinfluenceofgeneticfactorsandenvironmentalfactorsonhumanintelligence;
4.Differentracesandgenderdifferencesinintelligence,aswellasthesourcesofthesedifferencessignificance.
ØТест за интелигентност
IntelligencetEstreferstotheScientifictestofintelligence, soastounderStandTheLevelOfIntelligence.TheFirstIntelligencetestWaSTheBinay-simonIntelligencescaleDeveledByBinay-simon.today, onshavebeendozensofdifferentintelligencetests, sucherylesemory, suremity, влязъл в съответствие.
Usingthemorecommonintelligencetests,therearetwoIQteststhatareadministeredbyindividualsandarestillwidelyused:theStanford-BinettestandtheWechslertest.
●TheWechslerscale(Wechslerscale,WS)mainlyreferstoW-BI,WAIS(AdultIntelligenceScale),WISC(ChildIntelligenceScale)andWPPS(Scalesforpreschoolandschool-agechildren)Iseveralintelligencescales.Althoughitalsohasamemoryscale(WMS),itisoftennotincluded.ItandtheBinetScale(BS)representthetwomaintypesofintelligencetests.ThemainfeatureoftheWexlerscaleistodivideseveralsubtestsintoonescale.Eachsubtestfocusesonmeasuringanintellectualfunction.Ontheotherhand,theBinayScaleisamixedarrangementoftestitemsthatmeasurevariousintellectualfunctions.Bothtypeshavetheirownstrengths,butcliniciansandresearchersmostlyusetheformertypeoftest.
●Stanford-Binetscaleintelligencedistribution:140oraboveisverygood(genius);120-129isexcellent;130-139issupernormal;110-119isupper-middleandintelligent;90-109isModerate;80-89aremiddle-lower;70-79arecriticallyinsufficiency;lessthan70arementallydeficient.Tryitontheintelligencetestforchildrenover11yearsoldandtheintelligencetestforadults.
Класификация на тестовете за интелигентност
1.Accordingtothecontentofthetest,itisdividedinto:abilitytestandachievementtest,suchasacompletesetofachievementtests.
2.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofthetestobject:individualtestandgrouptest.
3.Според ефективността на теста, той е разделен на текстов тест (тест с хартия и молив) и не-текстов тест.
4.Според целта на теста, той се разделя на: описателен тест, диагностичен тест, прогнозен тест.
5. Според времето на теста: тест за скорост и трудност.
6.Accordingtothetestrequirements:therearethehighestasatestandatypicalbehaviortest.
Развитие на интелекта
Intelligencehasagreatinfluenceonaperson,soitisveryimportantforthecultivationofintelligence.Then,howtocultivateandstarttheintelligenceofchildren,askhimPsychologicalnetworkprovidesthefollowingplansforparents.
Parentsshouldtreattheirchildrenwithanattitudeofappreciation,gratification,andgratitude,andbefullofconfidenceandhopefortheirchildrenfrombeginningtoend.Everychildisapotentialgenius!Everychildhaseightkindsofintelligenceorninekindsofintelligencetovaryingdegrees!Everychildislikelytouseoneorseveraloftheseintelligencetothefullestandoutstanding!
Parentsshouldre-understand"intelligence"andshiftthefocusofdevelopingchildren's"intelligence"intime.Traditionalintelligenceisbasedonverbal-linguisticintelligenceandlogic-mathematicalintelligence.Parentsmainlyfocusonthecultivationanddevelopmentofchildren'sverbal-linguisticintelligenceandlogic-mathematicalintelligence.Gardner'sresearchresultsshowthat:intelligenceis"underacertainsocialandculturalbackground,theabilityofindividualstosolverealproblemstheyfaceandtoproduceandcreateeffectiveproductsneededbysociety."Parentsshouldpromptlyshiftthefocusofdevelopingtheirchildren’s"intelligence"tocultivatinganddevelopingtheirchildren’s"abilitytosolvepracticalproblems"and"theabilitytoproduceandcreateeffectiveproductsforsocialneeds",focusingontheoverallimprovementofchildren’squalitytomeettheneedsofsocialdevelopment.(Inasense,thecultivationofchildren'spracticalandcreativeabilitiesemphasizedbyqualityeducationisconsistentwiththedirectionpursuedbyGardner'stheoryofmultipleintelligence).
Parentsshouldkeeppacewiththetimes,learnforlife,andconstantlymastereffectivemethodsto"activate"variousintelligencesoftheirchildren.Intelligenceisakindofpotential,thepotentialdevelopmentabilityofthehumancentralnervoussystem.Parentscanbecometheactivatorofthispotential,ortheymaybecomethe"terminator"ofthispotentialinignoranceorunintentionally.Therefore,toactivateachild's"potential",notonlytheloveoftheparents,butalsothewisdomandskillsoftheparentsareneeded.Parentsshouldlearnactively,learnforlife,constantlyabsorbthelatestscientificeducationalconceptsandmethods,observechildrenobjectively,evaluatechildrenfairly,guidechildrenreasonably,andscientifically"explore"children...effectivelyactivatechildren's"Potential"makesachild'slifemoreexciting!
Parentsshouldnotblindly"followthetrend",letalonecopyitmechanically.Thereisnobestfamilyeducationmodelandmethod,aslongasthemostsuitable.Eachchildisacompletelivingbodyandanindependentindividual.Eachchildhasitsownuniqueintelligencecompositionandstructure,hasuniquesuperiorandweakintelligencefields,andhasitsownpersonalizedlearningstyleandlearningmethod.Parentsshouldpayattentionto"teachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude"and"prescribetherightmedicine".Wemustneverblindly"followthetrend"orcopyitmechanically.Themodelsandmethodsthataresuitableforotherfamiliesandotherchildrenmaynotbesuitableforyourfamilyandyourchildren!
Choosetherighttoysforyourchildrenandplaygameswithyourbaby,Isagoodwaytodevelopbaby'sintelligenceinthisperiod.Youcanincreaseyourbaby’sintelligencethroughthefollowing3games:
1. Намери играчки
Method:Adultsplaywiththebaby,andshowhiminfrontofhimwhentheinterestisstrong.Toysareplacedintheadult’spocketorunderthepilloworunderthebedsheet.Whenthetoyisfound,theadultshouldimmediatelypickupthebabyandpraisehim"Awesome!Sosmart!".Thisencouragesthebabytodevelopkeenobservationandmemoryandestablishtheconceptofpermanenceforobjects.
2. Разработване на визуални, слухови и тактилни игри
Choosecolorfulfacialmakeup,variouscolorfulplastictoys,mirrors,pictures,smallanimals,etc.,firstdemonstrate,Puttoysofthesamecolortogetherandletthechildrenfollowthem;hearingtoysthatcanmakepleasantsounds,suchassmallrattles,rattles,musicboxes,windchimes,etc.,canfollowthesoundofthetoyswhenplayingwithchildrenTeachthemtopronouncedifferentpronunciations.
3. Игри за култивиране на когнитивни и тактилни способности
Firstofall,teachthechildtolookinthemirrorandlethimgradually"know"himself.Forexample,holdthebabyinfrontofthemirror,holdhislittlefingerandsay"nose"onhisnose,thenholdhislittlehandandpointtotheadult'snose,andrepeatuntilhecanpointtothenoseandsaythenose.Then,teachyourbabytorecognizeotherthings:usetoyswithdifferenttexturesandtextures,suchasfluffydolls,smalltoysmadeofsilkfabrics,buildingblocks,beachballs,etc.,teachhimtorecognizethingsandcultivatefeelings,Distinguishsize,distinguishcolor,aswellas"tearpaper","pickingupbeans","throwingthings"andotheractions.
Помощ за двойки
Infantsandyoungchildrenhaveamazinglearningabilities,andtheyareextremelycurious,sotheyare"greedy"searchinglikeaspongesoakingupwater.Parentsshouldhelpthebabytounderstandthesurroundingthingsinapurposefulandplannedway.Itisnecessarytoobservecarefully,discoverthechildren'sneedsandinterestsintime,andteachpatientlyandtirelessly,andneverbeirritableanddampentheenthusiasmofthechild.Moreimportantly,weshouldpayattentionto"exercise",takeakindattitude,consideratecare,patientrepetitionandcontinuousencouragementtocreateawarmatmosphereforthechildandcultivateahappymood.Inthisway,thechildwillformahealthymentalityandenthusiasm.Self-confidentcharacter,optimisticandprogressivequality,letchildrenbenefitforlife.
1.Momtouchesit,babysmiles
WearefortunatetoinviteMr.Zhang,whohasmorethan20yearsofpreschooleducation,tointroduceparentstothefivebasicelementsofinfantintelligencedevelopment.Asthebabiesgrowup,thegapbetweenbabiesisgettingbiggerandbigger.Somearelivelyandclever,enthusiastic,goodatlearningandimitating;somearetimid,lackingthespiritofexploration,acceptingandmasteringnewthingsandnewskills.slow.Thekeytothesedifferencesliesinwhetheryougiveyourbabyawell-plannedandwell-methodedearlyintelligencedevelopmenteducation.
2. Красивите звуци правят бебетата по-умни
Everyoneneedstouch.Adultsalsoneedtoshakehandsandhugs,whichismorenecessaryforinfantsandyoungchildren.Itcannotonlydevelopchildren'stactileabilitiesandpromotetheirgrowth,butalsoconveytheloveofparents,allowingchildrentohaveagoodemotionalexperienceandcultivateahealthyattitude.Itisanexcellentmeansofparent-childcommunication.(Touchingshouldbedonewhenthechildisawake.Parentsmustwashtheirhandsandremovetherings,bracelets,watchesandotheraccessoriestoavoidscratchingthechild.Touchingshouldbegentleandnottoolong,fiveorsixtimesaday,Threeorfourminuteseachtime.
3. Празник на света и бебетата са познати
Everyonehopesthattheirchildrenwillbeabletotrainandcultivateassoonaspossible.Achild’sgoodhearingisverybeneficialtothedevelopmentofthechild’slanguagelevelandtheimprovementofhisintelligence.Normalinfantsandyoungchildrenhavehearingabilityatbirth,andlisteningtothesourceofthesoundisthemaintrainingmethod.Itisnecessarytoinsistontalkingtothechildrepeatedly,gentlyandkindly.Itcanstorealotoflanguageinformationinthebaby'smind.Thechildespeciallylikesshort,cheerful,bright-pacednurseryrhymes,whichcanbereadtohimmore.Butpayattention,theauditorytrainingtimeshouldnotbetoolong,andthevolumeshouldnotbetooloud.
Измерване на IQ
In1905,Frenchpsychologistsdevelopedthefirstscaletomeasureintelligence-theBinet-SimonIntelligenceScale,whichwasintroducedtoChinain1922,1982ItwasrevisedbyMr.WuTianminfromBeijingintheyear,withatotalof51questions,mainlysuitableformeasuringtheintelligenceofelementaryandjuniorhighschoolstudents.In1936,WexlercompiledtheWexlerIntelligenceScaleforAdults(WAIS)andChildIntelligenceScale(WISC)in1936,TheWechslerIntelligenceScale(WPPIS)forchildren4-6.5.TheWechslerScalewasintroducedinChinainthemiddleandlate1980sandtheChineseversionwasrevisedandpublished,soitiswidelyused.
ItisanintelligencescalecompiledbytheAmericanpsychologistWexler,revisedbyChina'sHunanMedicalUniversityGongYaoxianandothers,andformulatedtheChinesenorm.Wecanmeasurechildrenaged6-16and16Adultsovertheageof.Throughpsychologicalmeasurement,youcanunderstandyourownintelligencelevelandpotential,identifytheintellectualimpairmentcausedbytrafficaccidents,inordertogivefullplaytoyourownadvantages,scientificallyfillinthecollegeentranceexaminationvolunteers,prenatalandpostnatalcareb>Providescientificbasis.
IQtest
Тестът IQ включва единайсет елемента, включително здрав разум, разбиране, аритметика, подобие, памет, думи, изображения, градивни елементи, подредбата, пъзелите и символите се тестват отделно. Отнема около един час, за да завършите целия тест. Отнема около един час, за да обобщите и анализирате доклада от теста.
8cluesshowthebaby’sintelligence:becausethebaby’slanguagehasjustbeguntodevelop,Therefore,penandpapertestscannotbeusedtotestthebaby’sintelligence,andnowrittenanswerscanbeobtained.Parentscanonlyestimatethedevelopmentofthebaby’sintelligencebyobservingthebaby’smovements.Thefirstdevelopmentinthebrainisthenervoussystemthatcontrolsthespineandlimbs.Therefore,thebestwaytounderstandinfantbraindevelopmentandintelligencedevelopmentistoobservethedevelopmentofchildren’smotorability.Motorabilitydevelopmentinvolvestheabilitytomoveandusethebodyandlimbs.
Ранни улики за диагностициране на интелектуалното развитие:
Dr.NancyBelleisawell-knownpsychologist.Overthepastfewyears,hehasstudiedandobservedthedevelopmentanddevelopmentofinfants.Exhibition,shelistedthefollowing8cluesinthebook"ResearchonEarlyChildhoodDevelopment"toremindparentstopayattentiontothenormaldevelopmentofinfants’intelligence.
·Когато лъжицата падне на пода,6-месечното бебе ще гледа в посоката на падането;
·Бебето на 6 месеца и половина ще получи това, от което се нуждае. Когато е задоволено, ще издам глас, изразяващ задоволство;
·Formorethan7months,Iwillsmileattheimageinthemirrorandbeabletolookforasmallspoonthatfallsontheground;
·In8andahalfmonths,Iwillplaygameslikehidingcatsandclappinghandswithothers;Iwillalsolistentofamiliarwords;Inordertodrawtheringcloser;alsounderstandthemeaningofcertainwords;
·Aftermorethan10months,Iwillimitateadultsandputthebuildingblocksintothebox.Willgotodisassemble;
·Morethan11months,Iwillimitatethepronunciationofwords;
·Повече от 12 месеца, ще кажа няколко думи.
Parentscantrytoplaysomeactivitiessimilartotheabovewiththeirbabies,andestimatetheirintellectualdevelopmentforthemselves.Dr.Baileyfoundthattheintelligencetestscoresininfancyarenotnecessarilyrelatedtotheintelligencetestscoresinthefuture.Themostcleverbabymaynotalwaysbethesmartesttoddlerorelementaryschoolstudent.Babieswithdevelopmentaldelaysoftencatchupwithorsurpasstheirfast-developingpartners.Therefore,donotmakelong-termpredictionsforbabiesduringobservation.
Недоразумение
Learningisthemostinterestingandgreatestgameinlife.Allchildrenareborntothinksoandwillcontinuetothinksountilweconvincethemthatlearningisverydifficultandannoying.Somechildrenhaveneverreallyencounteredthistrouble,andthroughouttheirlives,hebelievesthatlearningistheonlyfungameworthplaying.Wegivesuchpeopleaname,andwecallthemgeniuses.——GlennDoman
1. Игнорирайте физическата зрялост на децата
Children’sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentissequential,andearlyeducationmustbeappropriateTimelytrainingonthebasisofphysicalmaturitycanachievegoodresults.Tooearlyandtoolatewillcauseharmtochildren.Weallknowthestoriesofwolfboysandpigboys.Theymissedtheopportunityforvariousintelligentdevelopmentsuchaslanguageandsocialnorms.Therefore,evenifscientistsprovidegoodconditions,Cannotmakethemcatchupwiththeintellectuallevelofthemostordinarychildren.However,prematuredevelopmentofachild'sintelligencewillnotonlyfailtoachievethedesiredeffect,butwillalsocauseharmtothechild.Inthisregard,parentsandfriendsshouldlearnaboutthesensitiveperiodoftheirchildren.
2.Тясно "учене"
Whenitcomestolearning,manypeoplethinkofsittinginclassandlisteninginschool,aswellasthemanytheoremsandcommonsense.Thisunderstandingistoonarrowandrigid.Whenababycanrecognizethedifferencebetweenhismotherandotherpeople;whenaboyreads"FemalePsychology"inabookstoreoutofcuriosityabouttheoppositesex;whenapersoneatsWesternfoodforthefirsttime,carefullyimitatingWhensomeoneelse;whenagirlpaysattentiontothecelebrities’outfits;whenapersonbuysanewelectricalapplianceandreadsthemanual;whenadriveropensamapinastrangeplacetofindtherouteheshouldtake...theseareallIt'slearning,andit'smoreimportantlearning.Wedonothavecertainknowledgeandskillsthatweneed,andwepursueit.Thisislearning.Eightypercentoftheknowledgethatpeopleuseinlifeislearnedoutsidetheclassroom,suchascommonsenseofcommunication,psychologicaladjustmentability,howtorespond,andvarioussocialexperiencesandunspokenrules.Classroomlearningisonlyonekindoflearning,anditisnotthemostimportantone.Classroomlearningallowsustogethighscores,allowsustoenterprestigiousuniversities,andallowsustohaveagoldplatewhenweenterthetalentmarket.Admissionticket,however,itisonlyanadmissionticket.Howtoopenthesituationdependsontheskillswehavecultivatedoutsidetheclassroomandtheknowledgewelearnedafterwewalkedoutofschool.
Isaidsomuch,Iwanttotellmyfriendsnottounderstandlearningnarrowly,soasnottoaskchildrennarrowly.Foryoungchildren,theylearnthroughgamesandlife.Everyquestiontheyaskislearning,andeverygameoractivitytheyparticipateinislearning;foryoungchildren,theirbroadcuriosityandinterestareNature’sbestgift,childrenusethistoincreasetheirknowledgeandabilities,extensiveexplorationandastateofenthusiasmisextremelyimportantforchildren.Theformerallowschildrentoconstantlydiscovertheirtalents,andthelatterallowschildrentoreachtheirinnermostfeelings.Harmonyandpsychologicalself-construction.
3. Подчертайте резултатите и пренебрегвайте процеса
First,happinessismoreimportantthanresults.Thefeelingsthatchildrengetfromtheprocessandthecorrespondingattitudestheyestablisharemoreimportantthanthespecificresultsofthechildren'slearning.Childrendon’tlearnmuch,buttheygethappinessintheprocessoflearning.Theylikelearningandknowledge.Thisattitudeismoreimportantthananythingelse.Someveryutilitarianparentsalwaysexpecttheirchildrentolearnsomethingearly,suchasmemorizingTangpoems,memorizingvocabulary,andlearningmathematics.Infact,childrenreciteafewmoreTangpoemsandlearnafewmoreChinesecharacters.Thislittleadvantagewillsoondisappear.Inthelongrun,thereisnospecialbenefittothechild.IfthechildlearnsbecauseofthedeliberateandutilitarianrequirementsoftheparentsThesenseofresistanceisevengreaterbecauseofsmalllosses.
Въведение
Accordingtorelevantreports,WanXueyuan,directoroftheStateAdministrationofForeignExpertsAffairs,recentlystatedthatChinawillcontinuetoactivelyintroduceforeignintelligenceinordertomeettheurgentneedsofjoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization.China'saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganizationrequiresagroupoftalentswhoarefamiliarwithWTOrulesandWTOlaws.Chinawilluseacombinationofhiringforeignexpertsanddispatchingpersonneltogoabroadfortraining,soastocultivateagroupofprofessionalscapableofthistaskassoonaspossible.TheBureauofForeignExpertsAffairswillcooperatewiththeStateEconomicandTradeCommissionandotherindustryauthoritiestohireforeignhigh-levelexpertswithrichmanagementknowledgeandpracticalexperiencetohelpcompanieslearnanddrawonforeignadvancedmanagement,marketing,andnewproductdevelopmentexperience,andpromotecorporatetechnologicaltransformation.Atthesametime,Chinawillsendagroupofseniormanagersofyoungandmiddle-agedenterprisestoforeigncountriesformedium-andlong-termtraining.
Inaddition,Chinawillalsohirehigh-levelforeigneconomic,tradeandtechnicalexpertstocometoChinatoholdspecialtrainingsandseminarsoneconomicandtraderules,technicalqualitystandards,corporateproductcertification,tradeandtechnicalbarriers,andenvironmentalbarriers.,Traininggovernmentmanagers.Atthesametime,organizemanagersofgovernmentmanagementdepartmentsandindustryorganizationstoconductdomesticandforeigntrainingtohelpthemunderstandglobaleconomicandtradedevelopmenttrends,especiallytheeconomicandtraderulesofsomedevelopedcountries,andtheexperienceandlessonsofsomedevelopingcountries'accessiontotheWTO.