История на валутата
In1795,thefrancofficiallyreplacedthelivreasthestandardmonetaryunitofFrance.In1834,allothercurrencieswithdrewfromcirculation,andthefrancbecametheonlycurrencyinFrance.In1803,Franceimplementedthegoldandsilverdoublestandardsystem,stipulatingthat1franccontains0.2903225gramsofgoldand4.5gramsofsilver.However,duetothecontinuousfluctuationofthepriceofgoldandsilverinthelate19thcentury,thesystemofreturninggoldandsilvertothestandardcollapsed.Thegoldstandardwasimplementedin1876.Thecirculationof5francssilvercoinswasabolishedandthegoldcontentoffrancswassetat0.2903225grams.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,thevalueofthefrancwasdecoupledfromgold.InJune1928,Franceenactedanewcurrencylawandformallyimplementedthegoldbullionstandardsystem,stipulatingthatthegoldcontentof1francis0.05895grams,whichis79.69%depreciationfrom1803.In1936,hewasforcedtoabandonthegoldbullionstandard.InJuneofthefollowingyear,thegoldcontentofthefrancwasabolished,andthefrancbecameabanknotethatcouldnotbecashed.
AftertheSecondWorldWar,thefrancdepreciated5times,andthedepreciationratereached90%.In1958,afterPresidentdeGaulletookoffice,hedecidedtointroduceanewfranc(NouveauFranc)toreplacethedepreciatingoldfranc.OnJanuary1,1960,Franceimplementedcurrencyreformsandissuedanewfranc(NouveauFranc).Onenewfrancisequalto100oldfrancs,withagoldcontentof0.1802grams.Afterthe1960s,thefranccontinuedtobeseverelyimpacted,andinAugust1969itdepreciatedagainby11.11%.InAugust1971,Franceestablishedadualforeignexchangemarket,dividingtheexchangerateoffrancsintotradefrancsandfinancialfrancs.Later,theexchangeratedistinctionwasabolishedinMarch1973.InApril1972,thefrancparticipatedinthe"serpentinefloat"inWesternEurope,andinMarchofthefollowingyear,itparticipatedinthejointfloatofWesternEurope.Afterthe1980s,thefrancdepreciated3times.Theratioofthedollartothefranconcefellto1:10.
>In1356,atthetimeoftheHundredYears'WarbetweenBritainandFrance,theKingofFranceatthetimeletKingIIloseinthebattleofPoitiersinwesternFranceandwascapturedbytheBritisharmy.,Becameaprisoner.TheBritishputforwardaharshconditionforhisrelease:pay3milliongoldlouistoreleasehim.AfterKingIIwasimprisonedinLondonfor4years,hefinallypaidthehugeransomandwasabletoreturntoFrance.
OnDecember5,1360,afterhisrelease,KingIIsignedanedictanddecidedtomintacoincontaining3.87gramsofpuregoldtocommemoratethishistoricalevent.Ontheobverseofthecoinistheimageofaheroicfigurewearinganarmorandholdingasharpswordonawarhorse,meaningthatthekingwillbefreeandreturntoFrance.
Според волята на краля тази нова монета е кръстена на „Свобода“. Френската дума за „безплатно“ е FRANC, а транслитерацията на китайски е „Franc“. Като се брои от монетосеченето на златния франк 1360, франкът може да се счита за една от най-старите валути в света.
Thesecondkingcreatedthefranc,buthefailedtoestablishthestatusofthelegislativefrancasanofficialcurrency.Inthemiddleofthe15thcentury,CharlesVIIabolishedthefrancandrestoredtheoriginalcurrency-thegoldenlouis.DuringtheRenaissance,KingLouiswasreplacedbyDayton.Thecurrencyname"Dayston"comesfromItaly,anditsoriginalmeaningis"head".KingLouisXIIofFranceadmiredtheengravingoftheheadsofsuccessivekingsontheItaliancurrencyduringtheItalianWar.AfterreturningtoChina,heorderedhisheadtobecastontheFrenchcurrency.name.
In1789,theFrenchRevolutionbrokeout,andthefrancwasreintroducedintocirculationaftermorethan300yearsofsilence.In1803,Napoleonissuedadecreethatestablishedthefranc'sstatusasanationalcurrency.Sincethen,thefranchasbeenthebasicunitoftheFrenchcurrencysystem.AsFrance'seconomicstrengthincreased,thefrancbecamethestrongestcurrencyinEuropeatthattime,andafranczonecenteredonFranceincludingItaly,SwitzerlandandBelgiumwasformed.UndertheinitiativeofFrancein1865,France,Italy,SwitzerlandandBelgiumconvenedameetinginParistoannouncetheformationoftheLatinCurrencyLeague.Greece,Spain,Romania,VenezuelaandothercountrieslaterjoinedandimplementedagoldandsilvercurrencysystembasedontheFrenchsystem.NapoleonIIIevenputforwardtheideaofestablishingaworldcurrencyunionbasedonfrancsin1867.
Възстановяване на валута
AftertheissuanceoftheeuroonJanuary1,2002,thefranchasgraduallyceasedtocirculate.StartingatmidnightonFebruary17,2002,Franceendedthefrancprematurely-Duringtheeurotransitionperiod,thefrancceasedtocirculatelegally.
Afterthis,theFrenchcanstillexchangetheirfrancsintoeurosatbanksandpostofficesuntilJune30.FromJuly1,theywillneedtoexchangeattheBankofFranceortheNationalTreasury,thecentralbankofFrance.Thetermofbanknotesis10years,andthetermofcoinsis3years.
Банкнотата на Франция спря да обменя някои банкноти от стари франкове през 2002 г., а след 2005 г. вече не могат да се обменят банкноти от серията Corneille (5 франка, 100 франка) или 10 франка (Берлиоз).
-500 франка "Пиер Кюри и Мария Кюри" (PierreCurieandMarieCurie)etMarieCurie,издадена през март 1995 г.)
-200 франка "Гюстав Айфел" (издаден през октомври 1996 г.)
-100 франка "Сезан" (Пол Сезан, издаден през декември 1997 г.),
-20 франка "Дебюси" (Дебюси, издаден през октомври 1981 г.). Следните стари стилове могат да се използват до 2009 г.
-50 франка "Saint-Exupery" (Saint-Exupery, издаден през октомври 1993 г.)
-500 франка "Паскал"" (Паскал, издаден през януари 1969 г.),
-200 франка "Montesquieu" (Montesquieu, издаден през юли 1982 г.),
-100 франка"de"LaCroix"(Delacroix,издадена през август 1979 г.)
-50 франка "QuentindeLaTour" (издаден през април 1977 г.)
InadditiontobeingusedinFrance,theFrenchfrancwasoncethecurrencyofMonacoandAndorra.Bothcountrieshavealsoswitchedtotheeuro.
Функции за печат
Хартия
Хартия от френски франкове е изключително тънка, само наполовина обикновена хартия. Подобна на хартиен плат, с дълги влакна, висока плътност, добра твърдост, лесна за чупене, без мъх след дълготрайна употреба и немека.
Контрапечат
Itisnotlikeotherbanknotes,whereacounterprintpatternisseparatelyprintedonacertainpartofthebanknote.TheportraitoftheFrenchfrancisprintedonbothsidesatatime,thefrontandbackportraitsarethesame,andtheperspectiveiscompletelyoverlapped.Inaddition,theoutersocket,watermarkwindowandsomedenominationnumbersofthebanknoteareprintedinpairs.Weknowthatthecounter-printingtechnologyisoneoftheimportantmeansofanti-counterfeitingofbanknotes.Thereisnodoubtthatthismethodofcounter-printingoffrancsisveryeffectiveinpreventingcounterfeitingofbanknotes.
Отпечатване на шаблони
ThemainpatternofFrenchfrancbanknotesiscoloroverprintedintoapattern,andthenthroughblackgravure,thethemeofthepatternishighlightedandthepatternisrich,clearandmorecolorful.Fullofthree-dimensionaleffect,withtheeffectofoilpainting.
Сериен номер
Frenchfrancshavethreesetsofnumbers.Onesetisaserialnumber,usuallyconsistingofnineortenArabicnumerals,locatedintheuppermiddleofthefrontofthebanknote.Theotherlevelistheproofreadingnumber,whichconsistsoffiveorsixdigits,whichisthesameasthelastfewdigitsoftheserialnumber.Thereisalsoachecknumber,whichiscomposedofaletterandtwoorthreeArabicnumerals.
After1993,theBankofFranceissuednewbanknotesof50francs,200francsand500francs.Thenewversionofthebanknotechangestothepreviousprintingstyle,thepaperisnotasthinastheoriginal,andthewindowsecuritylineisadded.Theportraitisnolongeracomplementaryprintofthefrontandback,andthefaceischangedtovariouspatterns,andtheofficialsignatureischangedtothebackofthebanknote.Theoriginalproofreadingnumberiscancelled,andtheserialnumberischangedtoonesetonthefrontandback.
Стара валутна борса
SinceJanuary1,2002,EUresidentswillnolongerhaveproblemswithcurrencyexchangeduetotheuseoftheeuro.Thisnewcurrencycirculatesamong12countriesinEurope(thenationalcurrencyofeachcountryceasestobeused).
Forholdersofoldcurrenciesinothercountries,theycangotodesignatedbankinginstitutionstoexchangethem(ParisareaisgenerallyopenfromMondaytoFridayfrom10:00to17:00,andinotherprovincesfromTuesdaytoSaturday,Itisoftenclosedbetween13:00and14:00).
Automaticexchangemachinescanbeseenalmosteverywhereinbusinessdistricts.
Работно време на банката
ParisregionalbanksaregenerallyopenfromMondaytoFridayfrom10:00to17:00,andfromTuesdaytoSaturdayinotherprovinces.Itisclosedbetween13:00and15:00).SomeopenearlyonSaturdays.Notethatontheeveoftheholiday,thebankwillcloseearly.
Exchangeallbankinginstitutionsandpostofficescanredeem.Youcanalsofindexchangepointsnearlargeshoppingmalls,stations,airportsandtouristplaces.Note:Eveniftheexchangerateisfixed,thehandlingfeewillbedifferent.Thehandlingfeewillbeclearlymarked.
Други държави
ExceptforFrance,SwitzerlandandBelgiumintheformerLatinCurrencyLeaguebothusefrancsastheircurrencyunit.LiechtensteinusesSwissfrancs.Luxembourgalsousedthefrancafteritsindependence(BelgiumandLuxembourgnowusetheeuro).
TheofficialcurrenciesofthefollowingcountriesthatoncebelongedtothecoloniesofFranceandBelgiumarealsocalledfrancs:Guinea,Djibouti,Rwanda,Burundi,Congo,Comoros.
Inaddition,theeightcountriesofBenin,BurkinaFaso,Côted’Ivoire,Guinea-Bissau,Mali,Niger,SenegalandTogousetheWestAfricanfranc.Cameroon,CentralAfrica,Chad,RepublicofCongo,EquatorThesixcountriesofGuineaandGabonusetheCentralAfricanfranc,whichisequivalentbutnotcirculated.TheyareoftencollectivelyreferredtoastheAfricanfranc(the"AfricanFrancZone"has15countries,includingtheComorosinadditiontotheabove14countries).
TheoriginallegalcurrencyofMadagascaristheMadagascarfranc.FromJanuary1,2005,itwillbetransferredtotheMalagasyariary.