Кратко въведение
Слухов път
Слухов път(auditorypathway),abbreviatedasauditorypathway,referstoaseriesofanatomicalstructuresrelatedtotheproductionofhearing.Thepartoftheauditorypathwayoutsidethecentralnervoussystem(brain)iscalledtheauditoryperiphery,andthepartwithinthecentralnervoussystemiscalledtheauditorycenterorcentralauditorysystem.
Theauditorycenterspansthecerebralcortexofthebrainstem,midbrain,andthalamus,andisoneofthelongestcentralpathwaysinthesensorysystem.Frombottomtotop,themainlinksinclude:Cochlearnucleus
Трапецовидно тяло
Периоливаринуклеуси
UpSuperiorolives
Страничен лемнискус
Долен коликулус и Горен коликулус
Медиалното коляно на таламуса Медиалгеникулирано тяло
Auditorycorticesinthetemporallobeofthecerebralcortex
Принцип на слуховия център
Correspondingtotheauditorycenter,locatedinTheauditorypathwaybelowthecenteriscalledtheperipheralauditorysystem.Soundinformationistransmittedfromthesurroundingauditorysystemtothecentralauditorysystem.Thecentralauditorysystemhasthefunctionofprocessingandanalyzingsound,likefeelingthesoundintensity,wavelength,anddeterminingdirection.Therearealsospeciallydifferentiatedcellsthatrespondtothebeginningandendofsoundrespectively.Theauditoryinformationtransmittedtothecerebralcortexisalsoconnectedwiththelanguagecenterofthebrainthatmanages"reading","writing",and"speaking",effectivelycompletingthefunctionsofreading,writing,andspeakingthatweoftenuse.Inaddition,withtheaidoftheauditorycenter,variousauditoryreflexes,suchasthestapediusreflex,etc.canbecompleted.Thisreflexcanprotecttheinnerearfromdamagewhenitisstimulatedloudly.
Свързани понятия
Слухова трансмисия
Therearetwowaysfortheconductionofmechanicalwavesintheear,namelyboneconductionandairconduction.Whenairconductiondisappears,boneconductionWhenthemainsoundtransmissionisconducted,itistransmissivedeafness,thatis,peripheralhearingloss.Whenbothtypesofconductiondecreaseorevendisappear,itissensorydeafness,thatis,centralhearingloss.
Слухов център тест
Theauditorycentercanalsosendoutsomeinhibitorycommandstothesurroundingauditorysystem.Theauditoryattentionfunctionofthecentercanrelativelyeliminatetheinterferenceofothers.Therefore,whenfacingapatientwithauditorydysfunctionintheclinic,puretonethresholdtestandX-rayandCTexaminationcannotfullyreflectthepatient’sauditorydysfunction.Theauditorycentralfunctiontestisverynecessary.Thecentraltestcanhelpdeterminethelesion.Clarifythedegreeofhearingimpairment.
Therearemanywaystotestthecentralauditoryfunction,suchasfilteredspeech,timecompressedspeech,speechinnoise,interlacedYangyangewordstest,etc.Thepurposeofthesetestmethodsistoseetheintegrationoftheauditorycenterandanalyzewhetheritfunctionsnormally.TheinterlacedYangyangewordtestistoinputdifferenttwo-characterwordsintotheleftandrightearsinacertaintimesequence,resultinginbinauralcompetitionandnon-competition,allowingthesubjectstospeakthewordsinbothears.Fornormalpeople,althoughthereismutualinterferencebetweentwoears,withthehelpoftheintegratedfunctionoftheauditorycenter,itispossibletosaywhatthetwowordsare;butifthereisadiseaseintheauditorycenter,theerrorratewillincreasesignificantly.