stm32

Product introduction

Before the STM32F105 and STM32F107 interconnected series of microcontrollers, STMicroelectronics has launched the STM32 basic series, enhanced series, USB basic series, and complementary series ; The new series of products continue to use the enhanced series of 72MHz processing frequency. The memory includes 64KB to 256KB flash memory and 20KB to 64KB embedded SRAM. The new series adopts three packages of LQFP64, LQFP100 and LFBGA100. Different packages maintain the consistency of pin arrangement. Combined with the design concept of STM32 platform, developers can re-optimize functions, memory, performance and pin count by selecting products to minimize Hardware changes to meet individual application requirements.

As of July 1, 2010, the models circulating on the market are:

Basic models: STM32F101R6, STM32F101C8, STM32F101R8, STM32F101V8, STM32F101RB, STM32F101VB

Enhanced Type: STM32F103C8, STM32F103R8, STM32F103V8, STM32F103RB, STM32F103VB, STM32F103VE, STM32F103ZE

STM32 model description: Take STM32F103RBT6 as an example, the model consists of 7 parts, and its naming rules are as follows:

History

The STMicroelectronics Group was established in June 1987. The French Thomson Semiconductor Company merged. In May 1998, SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics changed its company name to STMicroelectronics Co., Ltd. STMicroelectronics is one of the world's largest semiconductor companies. Since its inception, ST's growth rate has exceeded the overall growth rate of the semiconductor industry. Since 1999, ST has always been one of the top ten semiconductor companies in the world. According to the latest industrial statistics, STMicroelectronics is the fifth largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world, leading the world in many markets. For example, STMicroelectronics is the world's largest manufacturer of dedicated analog chips and power conversion chips, the world's largest supplier of industrial semiconductors and set-top box chips, and it ranks among the world's forefront in the fields of discrete devices, mobile phone camera modules, and automotive integrated circuits.

STMicroelectronics has nearly 50,000 employees in the entire group, with 16 advanced R&D institutions, 39 design and application centers, 15 major manufacturing plants, and 78 in 36 countries Sales office. The company is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and is also the headquarters for Europe and emerging markets; the company's US headquarters is located in Carrollton, Dallas, Texas; the Asia Pacific headquarters is located in Singapore; Japan's business is based in Tokyo ; Headquartered in Shanghai, China is responsible for the business in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan.

ST ultra-low power ARMCortex™-M3 microcontroller

STM32L series products are based on the ultra-low power ARMCortex-M4 processor core, using Two energy-saving technologies unique to STMicroelectronics: 130nm dedicated low-leakage current manufacturing process and optimized energy-saving architecture, providing industry-leading energy-saving performance. This series belongs to STMicroelectronics’ powerful 32-bit STM32 microcontroller product family. The product family has more than 200 products. The entire series of products share most of the pins, software and peripherals. Excellent compatibility brings developers Maximum design flexibility.

ST ultra-low power ARMCortex™-M0 microcontroller

STM32F0 series products are based on the ultra-low power ARMCortex-M0 processor core, integrated Enhanced technology and functions, aiming at ultra-low-cost budget applications. This series of microcontrollers shortens the performance gap between devices using 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers and those using 32-bit microcontrollers, enabling advanced and complex functions to be implemented on economical user terminal products.

STM32F1

Introduction

ARM's high-performance "Cortex-M3" core

1.25DMips /MHz, while ARM7TDMI only has 0.95DMips/MHz

First-class peripherals

1μs dual 12-bit ADC, 4Mbit/sec UART, 18Mbit/s SPI, 18MHz I/O flip speed

Low power consumption

Consume 36mA at 72MHz (all peripherals are working Status), down to 2μA in standby

Maximum integration

Reset circuit, low voltage detection, voltage regulator, accurate RC oscillator, etc.

Simple structure and easy-to-use tools

Parameters

2.0V-3.6V power supply

Compatible with 5V I/O pins

Excellent safe clock mode

Low power consumption mode with wake-up function

Internal RC oscillator

Built-in reset circuit

Operating temperature range:

-40°C to +85°C or 105°C

101 performance

36MHzCPU　 up to 16K bytes SRAM1x12 bit ADC temperature sensor

103 performance

Features

Core: ARM32 bit Cortex-M3CPU, the highest operating frequency is 72MHz, 1.25DMIPS/MHz. Single cycle multiplication and hardware division.

Memory: On-chip integrated 32-512KB Flash memory. 6-64KB of SRAM memory.

Clock, reset and power management: 2.0-3.6V power supply and I/O interface drive voltage. Power-on reset (POR), power-down reset (PDR) and programmable voltage detector (PVD). 4-16MHz crystal oscillator. Built-in 8MHz RC oscillator circuit tuned before delivery. Internal 40kHz RC oscillator circuit. PLL for CPU clock. 32kHz crystal oscillator with calibration for RTC.

Low power consumption: 3 low power consumption modes: sleep, stop, and standby mode. VBAT for RTC and backup registers.

Debug mode: serial debug (SWD) and JTAG interface.

DMA: 12-channel DMA controller. Supported peripherals: timer, ADC, DAC, SPI, IIC and UART.

Three 12-bit us-level A/D converters (16 channels): A/D measurement range: 0-3.6V. Double sample and hold capability. A temperature sensor is integrated on the chip.

2-channel 12-bit D/A converter: STM32F103xC, STM32F103xD, STM32F103xE unique.

Up to 112 fast I/O ports: According to different models, there are 26, 37, 51, 80, and 112 I/O ports, all ports can be mapped to 16 external Interrupt vector. Except for analog input, all can accept input within 5V.

Up to 11 timers: 4 16-bit timers, each with 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counters. Two 16-bit 6-channel advanced control timers: up to 6 channels can be used for PWM output. 2 watchdog timers (independent watchdog and window watchdog). Systick timer: 24-bit down counter. Two 16-bit basic timers are used to drive the DAC.

Up to 13 communication interfaces: 2 IIC interfaces (SMBus/PMBus). 5 USART interfaces (ISO7816 interface, LIN, IrDA compatible, debugging control). Three SPI interfaces (18Mbit/s), two are multiplexed with IIS. CAN interface (2.0B). USB2.0 full-speed interface. SDIO interface.

ECOPACK package: STM32F103xx series microcontrollers adopt ECOPACK package.

System function

1. ARM Cortex-M3 core integrated with embedded Flash and SRAM memory. Compared with 8/16-bit devices, the ARM Cortex-M332-bit RISC processor provides higher code efficiency. STM32F103xx microcontrollers have an embedded ARM core, so they are compatible with all ARM tools and software.

2. Embedded Flash memory and RAM memory: Built-in up to 512KB of embedded Flash, which can be used to store programs and data. Up to 64KB of embedded SRAM can be read and written at the clock speed of the CPU (without waiting state).

3. Variable static memory (FSMC): FSMC is embedded in STM32F103xC, STM32F103xD, STM32F103xE, with 4 chip selections, and supports four modes: Flash, RAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND. Three FSMC interrupt lines are connected to NVIC after OR. There is no read/write FIFO. Except for PCCARD, all codes are executed from external memory. Boot is not supported. The target frequency is equal to SYSCLK/2, so when the system clock is 72MHz, the external access is performed at 36MHz.

4. Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC): It can handle 43 maskable interrupt channels (not including the 16 interrupt lines of Cortex-M3) and provides 16 interrupt priority levels. The tightly coupled NVIC achieves a lower interrupt processing delay, and directly transmits the interrupt entry vector table address to the kernel. The tightly coupled NVIC core interface allows the interrupt to be processed in advance, and the subsequent higher priority interrupts are processed, and the end is supported. Chain, automatically save the processor state, the interrupt entry is automatically restored when the interrupt exits, without instruction intervention.

5. External interrupt/event controller (EXTI): The external interrupt/event controller is composed of 19 edge detector lines that generate interrupt/event requests. Each line can be individually configured to select the trigger event (rising edge, falling edge, or both), or it can be individually shielded. There is a suspend register to maintain the status of interrupt requests. When a pulse longer than the internal APB2 clock period appears on the external line, EXTI can detect it. Up to 112 GPIOs are connected to 16 external interrupt lines.

6. Clock and startup: The system clock is still selected when starting, but the internal 8MHz crystal oscillator is selected as the CPU clock when resetting. An external 4-16MHz clock can be selected, and it will be monitored to determine whether it is successful. During this period, the controller is disabled and software interrupt management is subsequently disabled. At the same time, if there is a need (such as a failure of an indirectly used crystal oscillator), the interrupt management of the PLL clock is completely available. Multiple pre-comparators can be used to configure the AHB frequency, including high-speed APB (PB2) and low-speed APB (APB1), the highest frequency of high-speed APB is 72MHz, and the highest frequency of low-speed APB is 36MHz.

7. Boot mode: At startup, the Boot pin is used to select one of three Boot options: import from user Flash, import from system memory, and import from SRAM. The Boot import program is located in the system memory and is used to reprogram the Flash memory through USART1.

8. Power supply scheme: VDD, the voltage range is 2.0V-3.6V, and the external power supply is provided through the VDD pin for I/O and internal voltage regulator. VSSA and VDDA, the voltage range is 2.0-3.6V, external analog voltage input, used for ADC, reset module, RC and PLL, within the VDD range (ADC is limited to 2.4V), VSSA and VDDA must be connected to VSS accordingly And VDD. VBAT, the voltage range is 1.8-3.6V, when VDD is invalid, it is RTC, external 32KHz crystal oscillator and backup register power supply (realized by power switch).

9. Power management: The device has a complete power-on reset (POR) and power-down reset (PDR) circuit. This circuit is always effective and is used to ensure that some necessary operations are performed when starting from 2V or falling to 2V. When VDD is lower than a specific lower limit VPOR/PDR, no external reset circuit is required, and the device can also remain in reset mode. The device has an embedded programmable voltage detector (PVD). PVD is used to detect VDD and compare it with the VPVD limit. When VDD is lower than VPVD or VDD is greater than VPVD, an interrupt will be generated. The interrupt service routine can generate a warning message or put the MCU in a safe state. PVD is enabled by software.

10. Voltage regulation: The voltage regulator has 3 operating modes: main (MR), low power consumption (LPR) and power down. MR is used in the traditional adjustment mode (operation mode), LPR is used in stop mode, and power is used in standby mode: the output of the voltage regulator is high impedance, the core circuit is powered down, including zero consumption (the contents of registers and SRAM are not Will be lost).

11. Low-power consumption mode: STM32F103xx supports 3 low-power consumption modes to achieve the best balance between low power consumption, short startup time and available wake-up sources. Sleep mode: Only the CPU stops working, all peripherals continue to run, waking up the CPU when an interrupt/event occurs; Stop mode: Allows the content of SRAM and registers to be maintained with minimal power consumption. The clocks in the 1.8V area are all stopped, the PLL, HSI and HSERC oscillators are disabled, and the voltage regulator is also set to normal or low power consumption mode. The device can be awakened from stop mode via an external interrupt line. The external interrupt source can be one of 16 external interrupt lines, PVD output or TRC warning. Standby mode: In pursuit of the least power consumption, the internal voltage regulator is turned off, so that the 1.8V area is powered off. The PLL, HSI and HSERC oscillators are also turned off. After entering standby mode, in addition to backup registers and standby circuits, the contents of SRAM and registers will also be lost. When an external reset (NRST pin), IWDG reset, a rising edge on the WKUP pin, or a TRC warning occurs, the device exits the standby mode. When entering stop mode or standby mode, TRC, IWDG and related clock sources will not stop.

Connectivity

The new STM32 Connectivity series microcontrollers add a full-speed USB (OTG) interface, so that the terminal product can act as a USB when connecting to another USB device The host can also act as a USB slave; it also adds a hardware support for the IEEE1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Ethernet interface. Implementing this protocol with hardware can reduce CPU overhead and improve the response speed of real-time applications and networked devices for synchronous communication.

The new interconnected series is also the first product in the STM32 family to integrate two CAN2.0B controllers, allowing developers to develop gateway devices that can connect to two industry-standard CAN (controller area network) buses . In addition, the new series of microcontrollers also support Ethernet, USBOTG and CAN2.0B peripheral interfaces to work at the same time. Therefore, developers only need a single chip to design a gateway device that integrates all these peripheral interfaces.

STM32 interconnected series products have enhanced audio performance and adopt an advanced phase-locked loop mechanism to achieve audio-level I2S communication. Combined with USB host or slave function, STM32 can read, decode and output audio signals from external storage (U disk or MP3 player). Designers can also develop human-machine interface (HMI) functions on the new series of microcontrollers, such as play and stop buttons, and display interfaces. This feature allows it to be used in a variety of home audio equipment, such as audio docking systems, alarm clocks/music players, and home theaters.

The new series of products integrate advanced connection-oriented peripherals, standard STM32 peripherals (including a PWM timer), high-performance 32-bit ARMCortex-M3CPU, these features allow developers to on the device (Such as home appliances, buildings, or industrial automation) integrate multiple functions, such as motor control, user interface control, and device interconnection functions. Other target applications include systems that require networking, data logging, or USB peripheral expansion, such as patient monitoring, point-of-sale, vending machines, and security systems.

STM32 series microcontrollers, including the new interconnected series, have a variety of supporting software and development tools, including free software libraries provided by STMicroelectronics and extensive support from third-party tool manufacturers. STMicroelectronics will also launch a new evaluation board and is currently providing samples of the STM32F105 and STM32F107 interconnected series to major customers.

New series

STM32 interconnection series products are divided into two models: STM32F105 and STM32F107. STM32F105 has USBOTG and CAN2.0B interfaces. STM32F107 adds Ethernet 10/100MAC module on the basis of USBOTG and CAN2.0B interface. The on-chip integrated Ethernet MAC supports MII and RMII, therefore, only one external PHY chip is required to implement a complete Ethernet transceiver. Only a 25MHz crystal oscillator can provide the clock frequency for the entire microcontroller, including Ethernet and USBOTG peripheral interfaces. The microcontroller can also generate a 25MHz or 50MHz clock output to drive the external Ethernet PHY layer chip, thus saving customers an additional crystal oscillator.

In terms of audio functions, the new series of microcontrollers provide two I2S audio interfaces, supporting two modes of master and slave, both for input and output, with a resolution of 16-bit or 32-bit . The audio sampling frequency ranges from 8kHz to 96kHz. Utilizing the powerful processing performance of the new series of microcontrollers, developers can implement audio codecs in software, thereby eliminating the need for external components.

Plug the U disk into the USBOTG interface of the microcontroller, you can upgrade the software on site; you can also download the code through the Ethernet to upgrade the software. This function can simplify the management and maintenance of large-scale system networks (such as remote controllers or point-of-sale equipment).

Architecture advantages

In addition to the newly-added function-enhanced peripheral interface, the STM32 interconnection series also provides the same standard interface as other STM32 microcontrollers. This peripheral is shared The flexibility improves the application flexibility of the entire product family, allowing developers to reuse the same software in multiple designs. The standard peripherals of the new STM32 include 10 timers, two 12-bit 1-Msample/s analog-to-digital converters (2-Msample/s in interleaved mode), two 12-bit digital-to-analog converters, two I2C interfaces, Five USART interfaces and three SPI ports. The new product peripheral has a total of 12 DMA channels and a CRC calculation unit. Like other STM32 microcontrollers, it supports a 96-bit unique identification code.

The new series of microcontrollers also continues the low voltage and energy-saving advantages of the STM32 product family. The operating voltage range of 2.0V to 3.6V is compatible with mainstream battery technologies, such as lithium batteries and Ni-MH batteries. The package also has a dedicated pin Vbat for battery operating mode. The code is executed from the flash memory at a frequency of 72MHz and only consumes 27mA of current. There are four low-power modes, which can reduce current consumption to two microamperes. Quick start from the low-power mode also saves power; the start-up circuit uses the 8MHz signal generated inside the STM32 to wake up the microcontroller from the stop mode in less than 6 microseconds.

Low-power performance

ST's EnergyLite™ ultra-low-power technology platform is the key to STM32L's industry-leading energy efficiency performance. This technology platform is also widely used in ST's 8-bit microcontroller STM8L series products. The EnergyLite™ ultra-low power technology platform is based on ST's unique 130nm manufacturing process. In order to achieve ultra-low leakage current characteristics, STMicroelectronics has deeply optimized the platform. In work and sleep modes, EnergyLite™ ultra-low power technology platform can maximize energy efficiency. In addition, the platform's embedded flash memory uses ST's unique low-power flash memory technology. This platform also integrates a direct memory access (DMA) support function. When the application system is running, the flash memory and CPU are turned off, and the peripherals are still working, which can save developers a lot of time.

In addition to the most prominent energy-saving features related to the process, the STM32L series also provides more other functions, allowing developers to optimize the power consumption characteristics of the application design. Through six ultra-low power consumption modes, STM32L series products can complete tasks with the lowest power consumption at any set time. These available modes include: (preliminary data in 1.8V/25°C environment)

·10.4μA low power operation mode, 32kHz operating frequency

·6.1μA low power consumption Sleep mode, a timer work

·1.3μA shutdown mode: real-time clock (RTC) running, save context, keep RAM content

·0.5μA shutdown mode: run without real-time clock , Save context, retain RAM content

·1.0μA standby mode: real-time clock operation, save backup register

·270nA standby mode: no real-time clock operation, save backup register

STM32L series newly added two low-power modes, low-power operation and low-power sleep. By using ultra-low power regulators and oscillators, the microcontroller can greatly reduce the work at low frequencies Power consumption. The voltage stabilizer does not rely on the supply voltage to meet the current requirements. STM32L also provides a dynamic voltage rise and fall function, which is an energy-saving technology that has been successfully applied for many years, which can further reduce the internal working voltage of the chip when it is operating at low and medium frequencies. In the normal operation mode, the current consumption of the flash memory is the lowest 230μA/MHz, and the power consumption/performance ratio of the STM32L is the lowest 185μA/DMIPS.

In addition, the STM32L circuit is designed to achieve high performance at low voltage and effectively extend the charging interval of battery-powered devices. The minimum operating power supply voltage for the on-chip analog function is 1.8V. The minimum operating power supply voltage for digital functions is 1.65V. When the battery voltage drops, the operating time of battery-powered devices can be extended.