Chinese Vocabulary
Vocabulary Pinyin
fēnliè
Explanation
1, [split;pide;breakup;fission ;pision] To separate the whole thing, but also to separate the whole.
Example 1: Split the country, split emotions.
Example 2: Each pair of chromosomes split longitudinally into two groups.
Example 3: A quarrel that split the party.
Example 4: Slaughter the world, split mountains and rivers. ——Han Jiayi's "On the Passage of Qin"
2, [disperse;decentralize] is scattered and not unified.
The world is divided, and the Tang room is solid. ——Song Sushi's "Teaching Battles and Shou"
Source
1. Cracked.
"Book of Rites·Yueling": (Jiqiuzhiyue) If the winter decree is carried out, the country will be full of thieves, but the sides will be restless, and the land will be divided. Zheng Xuan's Note: When the cold is severe, the earth is too long.
2. Divide; split; separate the whole thing.
"Historical Records · Xiang Yu Ben Ji Lun": In three years, the five princes destroyed Qin, split the world, and named princes.
"Historical Records·Volume VI·Benji of the First Emperor of Qin": For facilitating convenience, slaughter the world and split rivers and mountains.
"Selected Works·Ban Biao·Wang Ming Lun": When the soldiers moisten the wok, the cooking and the cooking are divided.
"Sui Shu·Bei Di Chuan·West Turks": When you are not in the Luo Dynasty, you have a strong ear. The minister asks the weak to split the country, which is easy to control.
Tang Liu Zhiji's "Shitong·Suspicious Ancient": The society is overthrown, the family and the country are ruined; the father's head hangs, and the mother's body is split.
Ming Wang Shouren's "Biography of Xilu" volume: later generations of Confucian scholars have to be a sage, split and distorted, flow to memorize words and chapters, utilitarian exegesis, and inevitably become heresy.
Lu Chaojun, "Journey Through Stormy Seas": Because of your kindness, you have caused discord among the crew, and you are still creating divisions!
Biological terms
Cell division
There are only 10 to the 14th power of human cells, so you can’t count them. The daughter cells obtained by the division of embryonic mother cells can divide 50 times, but most of the cells stop dividing after differentiation. The main part that retains the ability to divide is that some stem cells have higher telomerase activity and divide to generate corresponding tissue cells to supplement the loss of cells, including blood cells and epidermal cells. If most of the cells do not differentiate but maintain the ability to divide, it will cause poor individual development, loss of function, loss of coordination of organs and tissues, excessive cell proliferation, and sarcoma. Most cells will die after 50 divisions. Because of the loss of telomeres due to division, the genetic material of the cell is unstable and cell apoptosis. Human death is not simply due to the death of cells, and cell immortality does not mean individual human immortality. The telomerase activity of cancer cells is very high and loses contact inhibition, proliferates wildly, and causes the death of the individual without mitosis.
Return to flatness and division
Return to flatness and division refers to that the newly formed cell wall is parallel to the surface of the organ during cell division. The newly formed cell wall is flat. thick. Periperitoneal division means that the newly formed cell wall is perpendicular to the surface of the organ during cell division, and the newly formed cell wall is the peripheral wall. The result of division makes the organ thicker.
The vertical division in the narrow sense generally refers to the radial division. The new wall is the radial wall. The result of the division makes the organ thicker. The generalized vertical division also includes horizontal division. The new wall produced by the horizontal division is the horizontal wall, and the result of the division causes the organ to elongate. You can combine the growth of plant rhizomes and image understanding. The root growth on the second edition of Botany by Lu Shiwan is described in detail in this section with a schematic diagram.
Amitotic cycle
There have been different views on the issue of amitosis for a long time. Some people think that amitosis is not a way of normal cell proliferation, but a phenomenon of abnormal division; others argue that amitosis is one of the ways of normal cell proliferation, which is mainly seen in highly differentiated cells, such as liver cells and kidneys. Tubular epithelial cells, adrenal cortex cells, etc.
Amitosis is the earliest method of cell division discovered in the blood cells of chicken embryos as early as 1841. Because no spindle filaments appear during division, it is called amitosis. And because this way of division is the direct division of the nucleus and cytoplasm, it is also called direct division.
In the early stage of amitosis, the spherical nuclei and nucleoli are elongated. Then the nucleus further elongated into a dumbbell shape with a narrow central part. Finally, the cell nucleus divides, and the cytoplasm also divides at this time, and the cell membrane is formed with the participation of the slippery endoplasmic reticulum. In amitosis, neither the nuclear membrane nor the nucleolus disappears, without the appearance of chromosomes, of course, no regular changes in chromosome replication can be seen. However, this does not mean that the chromatin has not undergone profound changes. In fact, the chromatin has to be replicated and the cells have to be enlarged. When the volume of the nucleus doubles, the nucleus divides, and the genetic material in the nucleus is distributed to the daughter cells. As for how the genetic material DNA in the nucleus is distributed, further research is needed.
Divided reproduction
The most primitive way of asexual reproduction, where an individual is divided equally into two individuals. For example, Paramecium and certain coelenterates reproduce in this way .