Overview
Scientificfactsareanexplanation.Thispropositionconfirmsthatscientificfactsarethedialecticalunityoffactualityandexplanatorynature:"factuality"representsthevalueandstatusofscientificfacts,and"explainableness"impliesthepossibilityconditionsofscientificfacts.Itdevelopsthe"theorypenetrationtheory"ofscientificfacts,andcanhaveapositivemeaningforpeopletounderstandtherelationshipbetweennaturalsciencesandhumanities,socialsciences,andphilosophyofscienceandphilosophicalhermeneutics.
isanexplanation
Intermsofextension,itismainlydividedintoobservationfactsandexperimentalfacts.Theempiricalfactsinscientificunderstandingarealsoscientificfacts.Inthepastphilosophyofscience,people'sviewsofscienceweretoalargeextentmanifestedintheirviewsandopinionsonscientificfacts.Logicalpositivismregardsscientificfactsasvalue-neutralandtheonly"Archimedespoint"thatremainsunchangedintheever-changingscientificlandscape;whilescientifichistoricismemphasizestheobservationalprocessandthetheoreticalloadofobservingexperimentalfacts,Tendstodenytheobjectivityofscientificfactsandthefundamentalstatusofscientifictheories.The"neutraltheory"ofscientificfactshasbeengraduallyrejectedduetoitsobvioustheoreticaldeviations,whilethe"theorypenetrationtheory",becauseitmainlyresortstotheprocessofobservationandbecauseoftherelativistictendencyofscientifichistoricism,failstorevealThedeepfoundationofscientificfacts.Fromthephilosophicalperspectiveofexistentialism,thatis,humanfinitudeorhistoricalphilosophicalpremises,theproductionofscientificfactsmustbebasedonacertainpre-understanding.Therefore,notonlycanscientificfactsbeneutral,butalsotherelationshipbetweenscientifictheoriesandscientificfacts.,Itisnotjusttheexplanatoryframeworkofconceptsandthepenetrationofscientifictheories,butfirstlytheformerconstitutesthepossibleconditionsforthelatter.Fromthisperspective,theauthorbelievesthatscientificfactsareanexplanation,ormoreaccurately,scientificfactsarethedialecticalunityoffactualityandexplanatorycharacter.
Scientificfactsarebasedonobservationrecords,anexplanationofobservedphenomenainacertainscientificconceptualframework.Thisviewofscientificfactsrevealsthatscientificfactsareempiricalfacts.Ontheonehand,theyhavetheattributesoffactsandcanbebasedonthings.Ontheotherhand,theyshowthatscientificfactsarenotsimpleretellingsofobservedevents.,Itisessentiallyatheoreticalexplanationthatcannotbeseparatedfromthespecificconceptualframework.Inthesetwomeanings,theattributesofscientificfactsasfactsarecontainedintheattributesoftheirinterpretations.Justbecausescientificfactsareanexplanationbasedonaspecificconceptualframeworkortheoreticalbackground,itcanbecomeakindofnotonlyobjectiveMeaning,andcanberegardedastheempiricalbasisofscience."Factuality"revealsthevalueandstatusofscientificfacts,while"explainability"impliesthepossibilityconditionsofscientificfacts.
Therefore,theviewofscientificfactsthatadvocatesthat"scientificfactsareanexplanation"isnotconcernedwiththeobjectivityorsubjectivityofscientificfacts,butonthepossibleconditionsforthegenerationofscientificfacts.IttriestoanswerScientificfactsaretheprerequisitequestionof"howisitpossible"aboutscientificfacts.Inthissense,therevelationoftheexplanatorypropertiesofscientificfactsnotonlydeepenstheunderstandingofscientificfacts,butalsohelpspeopletodeeplyunderstandscientificphilosophicalpropositionsrelatedtoscientificfactssuchas"observationandpenetrationtheory".
Itisworthpointingoutthat"scientificfactsareanexplanation"isnotanewproposition.FrenchphysicistandphilosopherPierre?Diengoncesaid:"Anexperimentinphysicsisnotpurelyanobservationofaphenomenon,butalsoatheoreticalexplanationofthisphenomenon"[1].Thisviewofhispredatesthehistoricisttheoryinthephilosophyofsciencebyabout50years.ButwhetheritisPierre?Dieng,orHansen,thehistorianofscience,onlypaidattentiontotheissueofscientificviews.Theydidnotexpoundthemaspropositionscontainingthepossiblepositiveconditionsofscientificfactsfromtheperspectiveofphilosophicalontology.Ontheonehand,theyexposedthelimitationsandtheoreticaldeviationsofthelogicalpositivismviewofscience,especiallytheviewofscientificfacts.Ontheotherhand,itpreventedthemfromfurthertouchingthephilosophicalviewoflogicalpositivism.Theircriticismofthescientificviewoflogicalpositivismandtheviewofscientificfactsisnotthorough.
Reasonsforexplanatorynature
Scientificfactsareanexplanation.Thisunderstandingofscientificfactsisessentiallyanunderstandingandgraspofthelinguisticnaturethatisalreadypossessedbytheempiricalfactsindailylife,butonlyclearlymanifestedinscientificobservationsandexperiments.Perceptualperception"isarealisticrelationshipbetweenpeoplebelongingtothesameworldandotherbeings"[3].Peopleunderstandtheworldthroughthisrelationship,andtheoperationofobservationandexperimentalequipmentisalsorealizedthroughtheworldofperception.Underappropriateconditions,peopleperceivevariouscolor,sound,tasteandothersensationalproperties,andregardthemasacertainobject,situation,relationshiporstateofaffairs,acertainkindofsomething.Theinherentstructureofempiricalfactsthatregardswhatisperceivedas"something"isthe"asstructure"ofthecomprehensibleinterpretationinHeidegger'sexistentialism.Theuniversalityofdailyexperienceandthepublicityofperceptualperceptiontendtomakepeopleignoretheoriginalexplanatorycharacteristicsofitsessence.Thekeyhereislanguage.Vatowski,afamouscontemporaryAmericanphilosopherofscience,said:"Ourperceptionandtheframeworkoflanguagearesocloselyrelatedthatweusethislanguagetoconfirmthatvariousthingsandtheirattributesactuallyaffectwhatweseeandfailto.Whattosee.Languagecanthereforebesaidtoteachustomakeperceptualdiscrimination(otherwisewemaynotbeabletomakesuchdiscrimination),andalsotoguideustoignoreotherdifferences."[4]Asaconditionofhumanperceptionandexperiencefacts""Languageframework"originatesfromhumanhistory,anditistheontologicalsourceofthe"interpretation"ofempiricalfacts.Weusuallysaythatpeople’sperceptualperceptionisaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchaspeople’sknowledge,experience,needs,interests,emotions,desires,attention,etc.,butweoftentalkaboutthisinfluenceinasubjectivesenseinsteadoflookingatit.Workisanobjectiveprerequisiteforhumanperceptionsothatitcanbeperceived.Humanperceptionisnotonlyakindofknowledge,akindoffactualjudgment,butalsoakindofevaluation.Experiencefactsareessentiallymanifestedaspeople'sinterpretationoftherealworldinwhichtheyhavearelationshipwithpeople.
Inscientificactivities,theexplanatorynatureofempiricalfactshasbeenmoreclearlydemonstrated.First,scientificfactstakemeasurementlanguageastheframeworkofmeaning.Atypicalexperimentistoproduceoneorasetofmeasurements.Measurementlanguageisanimportantcontrolfactoroftheexperiment.Ontheonehand,itputspeople’sobservations,measurementsandtheirresultsinanorderlystructure,allowingtheexperimentertomeasurewithoutthinking.Physicalquantitiessuchas"length","weight","time","temperature","speed","force"andsoon,andcommunicatethemeasurementresultsunambiguously.Ontheotherhand,themeasurementlanguagelimitstherelevanceoftheexperiment.Anyspecificexperimentisanabstractionofsomeandonlycertaincharacteristicsoftheobservable.Differentdisciplineschoosedifferenttypesof"values"asitscharacteristicparameterstoplanandorganizeitsexperiments.
Secondly,theexplanatorynatureofscientificfactsismanifestedinitsabstractcharacteristics.Scientificfactslackthedirectness,intuitionandrealityoffactsindailyexperience.Indailylife,foraloyalandhealthynormalperson(thatis,hecanbeloyaltohisperception,canproficientlyusehisownlanguageandcanclearlyexpresshisthoughts,etc.),whenhereportsthathehasobservedafactForexample,ifyouseeagallopingwhitehorseonastreetatsometimeoneday,unlessyouhavesufficientreasontothinkthatheislyingordeceivedbyanillusion,youhavetobelievethatthefacthesaidexists.However,factsinscientificexperimentshavelostthisdirectrealityofdailyfacts.Whatscientistsobtainfromexperimentsaresomemeaningsexpressedbydata,photos,shadows,curves,etc.Thesemeaningful"quantities"and"shapes"inexperimentalreportsorpapersareoftenexpressedasabstractpropositions.Ifyoudon'tunderstandtheconceptsandconceptualframeworksonwhichthesedataarebased,youwon'tbeabletogiveitanymeaningatall.Forexample,beforethebirthofquantummechanics,theComptoneffectwasoneoftheexperimentsthatconvincinglyconfirmedthequantumnatureoflight.Itrevealedthataftershort-wavelengthelectromagneticwavesareincidentonmatterandarescattered,inthescatteredwaves,exceptfortheoriginalwavelengthInadditiontothewaves,thereisalsothefactthatwaveswithincreasingwavelengthsappear.ComptonalsowontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1927withWilson.Inthetitled"QuantumTheoryofX-rayScatteringbyLightElements"publishedin"PhysicsReview"(Volume21)inMay1923,ComptonestablishedanX-rayscatteringtheorybasedonquantumhypothesis,whichwasderivedthroughmathematics,Themathematicalformulaofthecorrespondingincreaseinthewavelengthofthex-raycausedbythescatteringisobtained:λ-λ0=δ(1-cosθ)(whereλ0isthewavelengthoftheoriginalray,andλisthescatteringalongtheangleθwiththeoriginalrayThewavelengthoftheoutgoingray,δ=h/mc).Inthepaper"SpectrumofScatteredX-rays"publishedin"PhysicsReview"Volume23(November1923),theComptonsystem"proposedmoreaccurateexperimentaldataaboutthewavelengthchangeofX-rayscatteringthanbefore.".Afterenumeratingandanalyzingthe"X-rayscatteringspectrum"(curve)whenthescatteringangleθis450,900,and1350,Comptonsaid:"Theagreementbetweentheexperimentandthetheoryissatisfactory.Thequantizationformulaforchangingthescatteringwavelengthgeneratesconfidence."[5]ThetwopaperscitedaboveareallabouttheComptoneffect,thatis,thefactthatphotonsarescatteredbyelectrons.Fromthis,wecanclearlysee:(1)Scientificfactsareabstract.Theyarenotdirectlyrelatedtotherelationshipbetweenspecificthingslikedailyexperiencefacts.Thestatementsofscientificfactsarecarriedoutinabstractsymboliclanguage.Somecomplexintermediarytheoriescanbeconnectedwithconcreterealthings.InCompton’sexperiment,thedirectobservationresultisthespectrumofx-raysafterpassingthroughasubstance(suchasgraphite);afterx-rayspassthroughgraphite,theemittedraysaredividedinto"invariantrayswiththesamewavelengthastheoriginalrays.""Andanother"changedray"withalargerwavelength(Compton'stermatthetime)isalreadyajudgmentaboutthechangeinthewavelengthofx-rays,aninterpretationofthespectrumofx-raysafterpassingthroughgraphite.Asforthefurtherdescriptionofthechangeinthespectrumofx-raysafterpassingthroughgraphiteasphotonsbeingscatteredbyelectrons,confirmingthisphenomenonconfirmstheparticlenatureoflight,whichisatheoreticalexplanationoftheoriginalfacts.However,eventhespectrumofX-rayspassingthroughthesubstance,whichisregardedasthe“original”experimentalresultthathasreachedthe“saturationpoint”ofverification,italsolacksthedirectnessandintuitionofdailyfacts:theexperimentalresultsshowsomeData,photos,curves(suchasCompton'sx-rayspectrum,wavelengthcurve),theexperimentalobjectsareobjectswhoseexistencecanonlybe"perceived"withtheaidofinstruments,andsoon.Iftherearenotenoughintermediarytheories,suchastheoreticalknowledgeaboutx-rays,atoms,quantumhypotheses,classicaltheories,spectroscopy,relativity,thelawofconservationofenergyandmomentum,andknowledgeofx-raytubes,detectorsandotherinstruments,notonlythosedata,Thecurveandspectrum(shadow)aremeaningless,andtheexistenceoftheresearchobjectishardtoperceive.Therefore,(2)Scientificfactsareessentiallyanexplanation,andonlyafteranexplanationcanexperimentalrecordstrulyexistasscientificfacts.IntheComptonexperiment,onlytheexperimentalrecordofthechangesinthespectrumofx-raysisabstractedasphotonscattering,sothatlighthastheparticlenatureofthisexplanation,andtheComptoneffectcanunderstandthenatureoflight,thatis,thenatureoflight.Theknowledgeofwave-particledualityhasproducedmeaning.Therefore,wesaythatscientificfacts“magnify”thetheoreticalfactorsandtheireffectsindailyempiricalfacts.Fromtheplanningofexperiments,therecordingofexperimentalresultstothedescriptionofscientificfacts,allmustbebasedonthepriormeaningframework,explanatoryItisabasicformofscientificfacts.
Explanatory
Scientificfactsareexplanatory,and"explainability"revealsthepossibilityconditionsofscientificfacts.Thisistheconclusionthatweshouldgetwhenweunderstandscientificfactsbasednotonthephilosophicalpremiseof"abstractman",butonthepremiseofconcreteman'sphilosophyofscienceinreality.Marxoncesaid:"Human,asaregularprerequisiteofhumanhistory,isalsoaregularproductandresultofhumanhistory,andmanonlybecomesaprerequisiteasaproductandresultofhisown."[6]Logicalpositivismunderstandsscientificfacts.Thephilosophicalpremiseof"abstractman"losesitslegitimacyinMarx'sconceptofpractice.Inthephilosophyofscience,the"pre-understandingandinterpretationofscientificfactsfromthereality,finitudeandhistoryofman"appears.Survivalturn".Heideggerspecificallypointedoutin"BeingandTime"that"theinterpretationofsomethingassomething,inessence,worksthroughpriorpossession,priorvision,andpriormastery.InterpretationisneveraprioriTheunconditionalgraspofagiventhing"[7].Allcomprehensionandinterpretationbeginwiththe"pre-understanding"constitutedbytheinterpreter's"priority","prioritygrasp"and"priorityvision".Itnotonlyincludestheoreticalpresuppositionscomposedofvariousbeliefs,rulesandgoalsthatcanbeexpressedinvariouslanguages,butalsoincludespracticalbackgroundssuchasnon-sentenceexperimentalskillsandinstrumentalelements.Astheessentialspiritualpowerofthesubject,pre-understanding,togetherwithexperimentalinstrumentsandothermaterialtools,constitutethepossibleconditionsforscientificactivities.IntheWesternphilosophyofscience,thelogicofthe"neutraltheory"ofscientificfacts,animportantphilosophicalpremiseistheignoranceoftheactualsubjectofscientificactivities,thatis,humanissues.Incontrast,scientifichistoricismoveremphasizestheconstructiveroleofscientificsubjectsinscientificactivities,andregardsthegenerationofscientificfactsasapurelanguageproblem,apurelanguagegame.Marxsaid:"Anythingthatturnstheoryintomysticismcanbereasonablysolvedinhumanpracticeandunderstandingofpractice."[8]Whenwelookatscientificfactsfromtheconceptofpractice"Objectivereality"providesanobjectivepossibilityspaceforthegenerationofscientificfacts,andthesubject'stheoreticalforesight,valueorientation,andpracticalbackgroundarethemainconditionsfortheformationofthecognitiveprocessofrealityandthegenerationofscientificfacts.Inthissense,scientificfactsarethecognitionofobjectiverealityattheperceptuallevel,theobjectiveobjectisthebasisofitsfacts,andthehistoricalandlinguisticnatureofhumancognitionarethesourceofitsinterpretability.
Explanatorysignificance
So,scientificfactsareanexplanation.Thisisaviewofscientificfactsthatemergedfromtheactualdevelopmentofscience,anditisalsoaviewofscientificfactsthatisreasonablyexplainedbytheMarxistconceptofpractice.Itisofgreatsignificancefordeepeningpeople'sunderstandingofscientificfactsandforthedevelopmentofphilosophyofscience.
1.Thedialecticalunityofinterpretabilityandfactualityofscientificfactscanreasonablyexplainthedevelopmentandchangesofscientificfacts
Inthepropositionof","interpretation"meansthedependenceofthemeaningandreferenceofscientificfactsontheconceptualframework,while"factuality"determinesandcharacterizestheobjectivityandimmutabilityofscientificfacts.Thisobjectivityandimmutabilitycharacterizeobjectivefactors,objectfactors,andshowthepowerofnature.Wecannotagreewiththeprinciplethat"scienceisweaklydetermined"insistedbycontemporaryconstructivists.Intheirview,theroleoftheempiricalworldorthenaturalworldintermsoflaboratoryandfactualevidenceistooweak.Scientistshaveenoughfreedomtoconstructscientificknowledgeindifferentways;therefore,"itisnotnaturalexistencethatdeterminesthecontentofscientifictheories,butratherThebehaviorofscientistsengagedinscientificactivitiesdetermineswhatnatureis"([2]P48).Infact,thisprogramismanifestedinthedenialofthe"factuality"ofscientificfacts,andthechangesinthemeaningandreferencesofscientificfactsthathaveappearedrepeatedlyinthehistoryofscienceareattributedtothedisappearanceofscientificfacts.Indeed,inthehistoryofscience,certaintheoriesandconceptualsystemsthatleadtothediscoveryanddeterminationofscientificfactsareoftendenied,whichcauseschangesinthedesignationandmeaningofscientificfacts.Forexample,thefactthat"airassistscombustion"changesfrom"phlogiston"to"oxygen"inthechangefromphlogistontheorytooxidationtheory;thegeocentrictheorydevelopstoheliocentrictheory."Thesunrevolvesaroundtheearth"becomes"theearthrevolvesaroundthesun";incontemporaryphysicsrevolutions,thefactthatMercury'sperihelionprecessionchangesfrom"anewplanet"(Vulcan)toageneralrelativityeffect;Thechangeinthedesignationofelectromagneticwavesfrom"ether"to"light";etc.However,thesefactsthatthemeaningsandreferencesofscientificfactschangewithchangesintheinterpretationframeworknotonlyfailtoexplainthedisappearanceofscientificfacts,butonthecontrary,theyclearlyreflecttherelativeindependenceandinvarianceofscientificfacts.Engelsonceanalyzedthechangesinthescientificfactsaboutelectriccurrentinthetransitionfromthe"contacttheory"tothe"chemicaltheory".Hesaid:"Factsarefactsafterall,eventhoughourconceptofitiswrong.IfwehaveabandonedtheoldThecontactsaid,then,thecertainfactstobeexplainedbythistheorystillexist."[9]Thisishowscientificfactsareinthechangesintheinterpretationframeworkandinterpretationlanguage,fromthesuperficialreferencetothedeepreference,inthenewinterpretationToachieveanewunityoffactualityandexplanatorynature.Thisisthebasicformofprogressinscientificfacts.
2."Scientificfactsareanexplanation"isadeepeningofthepropositionof"observationpenetrationtheory"
"observationpenetrationtheory"isscientifichistoricismOneofthebasicpropositionsof,itshakesthetheoreticalbasisoflogicalpositivismscientificviewfromtheactualprocessofscience.Hansenproposedthispropositiontoexpresstheideathat"theobservationofXisconstitutedbypriorknowledgeaboutX".Butif,ashearguedforthisproposition,itisonlysuitableforsituationssuchas"takingthesamepaintingasagirloranoldwoman"or"whetherKeplerandTychosawthesamethingintheeastofdawn",thenIt'sasimplification.Theauthorbelievesthatinordertofullyunderstandthepropositionofthe"observationpenetrationtheory",itisnecessarytostartfromthethreelevelsofphilosophy,scienceanddailyobservation.Dailyobservationisthe"seeing"ofHansen'sinvestigation.Itfocusesonthemeaningof"advancedinformation"inthetransformationofpeople'sperspective;theobservationalpenetrationtheoryinscientificactivitiesisaquestionofthetransformationoftheconceptualframeworkofscience,andthephilosophicalinvestigationWhatistheconditionalnatureofthesubject’s"previouspossession","previousgrasp"and"previousview"andotherspiritualessentialforcesforthecognitiveactivitiesofreality.Obviously,scientificfactsaretheresultofscientific“observation”.Whileconfirmingthe“factuality”ofscientificfacts,weemphasizeits“interpretation”andproposethat“scientificfactsareanexplanation”.Aspectcontent.Itnotonlycharacterizesthefactthatobservationsandtheirresultspermeatetheoriesfromtheperspectiveofscientificactivities,butalsoexpressesanddemonstratesthepossibilityofscientificobservationandscientificfactsthatthepriorstateoftheactualsubjectisexpressedanddemonstratedfromthephilosophicalontologyandthehistoricalphilosophicalpremisesofhumanbeings.Theconceptofcondition;itnotonlydescribesthegenerationofscientificfacts,butalsoillustratesthedialecticaldevelopmentofscientificfactsintheunityoffactualityandinterpretability.Wehaveeveryreasontosaythat"scientificfactsareanexplanation"deepensthepropositionof"observationandpenetrationtheory".
3.Itcanhelpusunderstandtherelationshipbetweenphilosophyofscienceandphilosophicalhermeneuticsatadeeperlevel
Incontemporarytimes,therelationshipbetweenphilosophyofscienceandphilosophicalhermeneuticsTherelationshiphasattractedpeople'sattention.Popperpublishedafamouslectureon"TheoryofObjectiveSpirit"inthelate1960s.Hetookhis"ThreeWorlds"theoryashisontology,andproposedacriticalreconstructionbasedon"World3".Understanding"theory.Kuhncarriedouthermeneuticalinterpretationofhisphilosophyofscienceinhislaterperiod,thinkingthathishistoricistphilosophyofscienceisessentiallyakindofhermeneutics.InthedialoguebetweenEuropeanContinentalPhilosophyandAnglo-AmericanAnalyticalPhilosophy,somephilosophers,suchasP,whostudyphilosophyofscienceandunderstandsciencefromtheperspectiveofphilosophicalhermeneutics,haveemerged.A.Heelan,R.P.Chris(Crease),J.J.Kokelmans(JosephJ.Kokelmans),Bernstein,etc.Clarifyingtheexplanatorynatureofscientificfactsenablesustoregardscientificfactsas"texts"ofhermeneuticsignificance,andtounderstandthedialoguebetweenphilosophyofscienceandphilosophicalhermeneuticsinthedialecticalmovementtounderstandandexplainscientificfacts.
Theso-called"text"is"anydiscoursefixedbywriting."Inhistextualhermeneutics,Ricoeurputsforwardthefourconditionsofthetext,thatis,thesolidificationofmeaningandtheseparationoftheauthor'sintention.Theopennessofmultiplereadabilityandthepossibilityofmultiplelayersofreference.Webelievethatthedialecticalunityofthefactualityandexplanatorynatureofscientificfactsessentiallycontainstheattributesandmeaningsofscientificfactsastexts.(1)Thesolidificationofthemeaningofscientificfacts.Thedescriptionofscientificfactsisgenerallydisclosedintheformofexperimentalreportsorpapers,soithastheattributesofwrittentext.Formallyspeaking,thelanguageofscientificfactsincludesnaturallanguagedescribingexperimentalinstrumentsandexperimentaldevicescomposedofexperimentalinstruments,mathematicalanddisciplinarysymboliclanguageforrecordingexperimentalresults,andtherecordingofexperimentalresultsandactualthings.Connectionandtheoreticalderivationrequiredtoobtainexperimentalresults.Thesewordsformalogicalstructuralunity,whichtogethercontainacertainscientificfact.(2)Separationfromtheauthor'ssubjectiveintentions.Intheviewofscientificfactsoflogicalpositivism,theseparationofscientificfactsfromthesubjectiveintentionsoftheirpresentersisamatterofcourse,andintheeyesoflogicalpositivists,itispreciselybecausethetwoareinadistinctstatethatscientificfactsbecomescience.fact.Fromtheperspectiveofscientifichistoricismandconstructivism,scientificfactsareinseparablefromthesubjectiveintentionsoftheirproponents.Asouranalysisaboveshows,thesetwoviewsareone-sided.Scientificfactscannotbeseparatedfromtheoreticalexplanationsandexplanations,andthefactualnatureofscientificfactsresidesintheoreticalexplanations.Thistheoreticalexplanation,althoughreflectingandimplyingtheintentionsandtheoreticalviewsoftheproponent,afterbeingfixedinwrittenform,itbreaksawayfromtheauthor'sintentionandbecomesanautonomousentity(suchasapaper).Theexperimentalresults(records),dataanalysis,mediationtheory,etc.describedbytheauthorareallincludedinthetextstructurethatheintendstoillustratetheobservationfacts.Inintentionalreading,peopleunderstandthetextthatcontainsobservationalfactsfromanewperspectiveandanewconceptualframework,andunfoldtheworldoffactscontainedinthetextstructure.Scientificfactsdonotlosetheirfactualityduetothemistakesoftheproponent’sinterpretation.Inreading,intheinterpretationofthenewconceptualframework,scientificfactsaregivennewmeaningsandmeaningstogainnewlife.Therefore,(3)Scientificfactsarebothclosedandopen,andtheyunfoldtheirlivesintheclosedandopenmovementofthefactworld.(4)Multiplereferencesofscientificfacts.Intheopenreadingofscientificfacts,thereader'stheoreticalhorizoninfluencesanddeterminesthemeaningofscientificfacts.Thedialecticaldevelopmentofscientificfactsistotranscendthesuperficialreferencesofscientificfactsandexploretheobjectiveworldprojectedbytheobjectsofdeepreferences.ThisisjustasRicoeursaid:"Thetextisnotwithoutreference;thetaskofreading,asanexplanation,willaccuratelyrealizeitsreference."Inshort,scientificfactscanberegardedastextsinhermeneuticsense.Fromtheempiricalbasisofscience,itreflectsthatnaturalscienceand"spiritualscience"arenotdirectlyopposedtoeachotherasDiltheyetal.think.Thispointhasimportantepistemologicalsignificancefortheapplicationofphilosophicalhermeneuticstounderstandnaturalsciences.