Summary
Dance is a unity. Because dance can be obvious to integrate individuals, even the whole society is tightly integrated. This ancient sacred features, especially through religious dance. Religious dance is in essence to discuss the teachings and popularization of the embarrassment. They have strict action, dress up, soundtrack and performance form, although developed and variabted in long-term inheritance, but always highlights the concept of religion.
Religion and religious dance are all carriers, religious forms, and religious dance forms that people express emotions. The specific behavior symbols of people feelings. What kind of religious dance form is there, and religious dance is a relatively uniform and relatively independent syndrome differentiation. There is a religious factor in the art. Religious factors are integrated. British anthropologists Taylor believe that dance is the main content of all religious ceremonies. The German ethnologist Witzgrand believes that "all dances are all religious".
Original
Religious dance has a witch in the primitive society. However, with the maturity of human religious awareness, the original witchcraft gradually derived into the original religion of a relatively fixed instrument, and the dance became the composition factor of religious rituals. This is a kind of traditional Chinese religion in China. common case. After that, with the emergence of Taoism, the incidence of Buddhism, the religious dance is integrated into the road, and the Buddha's law has developed and has become an important part of Chinese dance. Contemporary folk popular "Walk", "Flower Club" and other temple activities, that is, from Buddhism's "Path" ceremony - put the Buddha statue on the decorative float, everyone will pay tribute to the patrol, the film is coming, this is accompanied by Dance, performance of the show.
Development
Chinese religious dance
The ideology of ancient Chinese society is Confucian, Tao, interpretation, and traditional witchchers, with ancient Europe, Different in the Middle East, with the Southeast Asian Buddhism is national education, art must hang a religious color to exist, and the development is different. The Buddha, the two teachings are more replaced in history, but they cannot be over the Confucianism. The witch of Buddha, Taoism and a variety of worships, both of which need to affect the backward rural areas of the upper layer to lack of cultures, accounting for the vast world, and uses art propaganda to spread the teachings. Therefore, there are temples and views, and there are religious sculptures, murals, and religious dance, religious drama, religious music, and there is a strong religious art. The appearance of the mask is a relatively mature and complete manifestation.
Taoist dance
Taoist Taoist Taoist inheritance inherits the form and content of Wushan, and its evil ghosts have a strong witch Taoism dance is the title of yin and yang as the scales, the orientation of the gossip symbol is the title of the life of the body and the travel line, and then the witch speech, the dance, the witch, and the god is completely together. "Wus Tao Heyi", It can be described as "dancing one". Religion is to dance in the unreal of religion, introduce people into the religious world, control people's thoughts, and spread it extensively. Taoist dance has the utmost circulation in the Han folk, in the funeral funeral, the wishes, and all the temple fairs are everywhere. More meaning is that all kinds of temple fairs are not only the performance venues of Taoist dance, but also the stage of Han folk dance performances. At that time, songs, lion dances, stilts, Taiping drums, etc., two different attributes dance in the temple fair It is a task that acts as a entertainment god.
Buddhist dance
Buddhism in order to facilitate communication, draw a dance of all nations, and integrated with local folk customs,
< P> The dance of the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Dynasties of the Wei, Jin Dynasties, has a good reservation and inheritance of the Han Dynasty, and the ethnic groups and regions of the music culture have been widely exchanged. In particular, the ruling class advocated Buddhism, and Buddhist thought was rapidly developed. Since then, the religious dance is in the best, widely spread. Nowadays, the Kizil Grottoes, Dunhuang Mogao, and Yulin Grottoes, etc. are still retention in the exquisite music stone carving and murals, all of them are the remains of religious dance. The religious dance of the Yuan Dynasty is usually the most fully like to do Buddha. The Yuan Dynasty courts must hold a grand event of Buddhism "Tour Emperor City" every year on February 15th. At that time, it will form a huge guard with more than 30 miles. On the way, "幡 往 无 无, 凤 教 工 伎 伎 伎 伎 伎... The important part of the Buddha (AD 618 - AD 907) is also a ball. Like a dance "Bodhisattva Dance" is a typical representative. In the Tang Dynasty Yanle and its performance-sex dance, there are some dances with Buddhism or directly from Buddhism. For example, the famous palace Yanle "nine music" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (581 - AD 907) has a very strong Buddhist colors in the "Ten Le". The "Nikhang Dance" of the Tang Dynasty also has a strong Buddhist character.The "Wind Welcome Female Team" in the Song Dynasty (AD 960 - AD 1279), "Bodhisattva Dedication Team" also has a rich Buddhist color. The Mongol's tribute to Buddhism (Tibetan Buddhism), so the courtyard of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1279 - AD 1368) also had a strong Buddhist color, the most famous is "16th Day Dance". From many historical information, this dance is like a beautiful dance, is a very beautiful dance.
Southeast Asian religious dance
originated in India's Buddhism in Southeast Asia, the country is honored as national education, and its combination of dance is more close. The Buddhist scriptures, in the ten kinds of support for the Buddha, there must be "Songical Support", so the dance of the Buddhist scriptures and the "Jin Gang", "Flying" and the "Flying" and other dances are naturally a part of the Buddha's ceremony. Indian classical dances enjoying the world reputation, also close contact with Hindu. Hindu teaches one of the three major primary gods, being honored as the god of dance.
European religious dance
European medieval religious dance has Catholic dance and "Dance of Death". The Catholicism is the title of early Christianity. Early Christian dance is closely connected to the traditional dance of the previous generation, because early Christians believe that God's gods are found in traditional dance, so, bring traditional dance as a performance of God as admire God. form. There are about four kinds of early Christian dance: First, the sacrificial dance in the festival; the second is to sacrifice St. John's dance; the third is to pray God's holy team dance; four is the dance of baptism. Early Christianity did not reject dance, and the speles believed that only dancing can be close to God.
"The Dance of the Death" is the most representative dance in the European Middle Ages. It is in the oppressed slave, and the middle and upper people feel on the basis of uneasiness and disappointment. It is people to avoid Disaster and painful religious prayer dance.
Evolution
China is a multi-ethnic country, and various religious dances have been circulated in many ethnic groups. These dances have directly promoted religious doctrines, and some have strong religious colors, and some are for religious services, including the dance of Buddhist content "骠国 乐", and even have a major impact on the style of dance in southwestern regions. Dance Buddha has become traditionally passed on behalf of them. Modern, in areas where European and American Christian areas, every carnival and the Holy Spirit Festival must hold grand dance activities, dance the dance or dance in the Moral drama. In Islam, Turks have jumped to dance.
With the development of society, the improvement of people's living standards, and the growing growth of entertainment needs, the religious dance has gradually dilutes religious colors, and strengthens the function of self-entertainment and entertainment. In fact, in the contest of the gods, the folk dance of the development of God, although in the form of God Buddha accounts an important position, it is essentially more beliefs, but the religious meaning, enhance the secular tone, people no longer abide by the traditional sacrifice The activities and etiquette norms are no longer visible to the sacred inviolability in the performance. People break the traditional framework, create new performance forms with new aesthetics.
Effects
Religious dance has played a very important role in the development of dance culture, but also an important part of the Chinese ancient dance culture, has certain religious, political. At the same time, there is also a special aesthetic, but it not only reflects the side of the nation, regional social life, but also the rigorous structure, rich movements and beautiful shapes, but also directly affects dance art, especially contemporary dance. develop. Religious Sacrifice as a custom of folk beliefs. Its role and excitement of folk dance has always had a history of positive and negative two. On the one hand, the penetration of religious customs stimulates the improvement of the dance level. Such as the expansion of folk dance content, the performance site is more popular, the performance skills are improved, as well as the deception of the inner spirit; on the other hand, the rebound of folk customs has landed the taste of dance, namely recreational and functional atrophy, The degradation of ornamental and aesthetic degradation plus various reasons for history and geographies, this positive, negative two sides are often equal, renovated, and prolonged. Therefore, religious dance provides and delivers conditions in the formation of ancient dance norms and aesthetic tradition. Religious dance is a side of ancient dance culture and a special type of Chinese classical dance.