Overview
Inourdailylives,wearedealingwithinformationallthetime.Newspapers,news,grades,ringtonesforgetoutofclass,windandrain,changesinsolarterms...Thesecontentsrepresentedbywords,images,sounds,numbers,phenomena,scenes,etc.,arecalledinformation.
Theproductionandlifeofhumanbeingsdependtoalargeextentonthecollection,processingandtransmissionofinformation.Theprocessofacquiringinformationandprocessingittomakeitusefulinformationandpublishingitiscalledinformationprocessing.Theprocessofinformationprocessingmainlyincludestheacquisition,storage,processing,releaseandpresentationofinformation.
Acquisitionofinformation
TheInternet,whichconnectscomputersdistributedallovertheworld,hasbecomethebasisforthenormaloperationofmodernsociety.Ifyouwanttogetmoreinformationatafasterspeed,browsingtheInternetisanidealmethod.
Informationstorage
Usinglarge-capacitycomputerstoragedevicestostoredata,itsreliabilityandpermanenceexceedanyinformationstoragemediuminhistory.
Informationprocessing
Computersthatcanperformhundredsofbillionsoreventrillionsofoperationspersecondprovidepeoplewiththeabilitytoprocessinformationquicklyandaccurately.Itcananalyzeusefulinformationatthefastestspeedfromtheever-changingandplethoraofinformationfordecision-making.
Informationrelease
PublishinginformationontheInternetorsendinge-mailisthefastestandcheapestwaytoreleaseinformation.SendingaletterontheInternet,eveniftherecipientisasfarawayastheUnitedStatesorAustralia,thelettercanarriveintheshortesttime,andsoundandimagescanbesentalongwiththeletter.
Representationofinformation
Multimediacomputersorganicallycombinevarioustraditionalinformationdisplaymethods(suchastext,images,sound,etc.)tomakeinformationmorecolorfulandpresentInfrontofpeople.
Itispreciselybecauseoftheabove-mentionedreasonsthattheinformationindustryhasbecometheworld'sfirstindustry.
Informationacquisition
Analysisofinformationneeds
1.Differencesininformationobjects
DifferencesininformationobjectsrefertothesameinformationpairDifferentpeoplehavedifferentvaluesandmeanings.Peopleoftenneedtoobtaininformationaccordingtotheirownneeds.
2.Timerequirementsforinformation
Intheprocessofobtaininginformation,weneedtoconsiderwithinwhichtimerangetheinformationisvalid.Forexample,thedailynewspaperwillbeuselessthenextday.
3.Thegeographicscopeofinformation
Thegeographicscopeofinformationreferstotheplacewheretheinformationoccursandthescopeofapplication.Forexample,ifwearegoingtotraveltoaforeigncountry,thenweneedtounderstandthecustomsofthatcountry.
4.Thecontentandformoftheinformation
Inabroadsense,informationincludesthecontentoftheinformationitselfandthemanifestationoftheinformation.Forexample,weatherforecastsareexpressedintheformofclouddiagrams,whichwillbemorespecific,vividandintuitive.
Sourceofinformation
Type | Example | Features |
Documentaryinformationsources | Newspapers,encyclopedias,Dictionariesandvariouspublications,etc. | Storedintextformonavarietyofdifferentcarriers,itiscurrentlythemostabundantandmostfrequentlyusedinformationsource |
Datatypeinformationsource | Statisticgraph,numbertable,measurementdata,etc. | Storedonvariouscarriersinnumericalform |
Audio-visualinformationsource | CD,telephone,movie,TV,etc. | Informationsourceintheformofsoundorimage,itismoreintuitiveandeasiertounderstandthantext. p> |
Multimediainformationsource | Internet,digitalcamera,CD-ROM,etc. | Integratemultiplecommunicationmediasuchassound,text,image,data,etc. |
Confirmationmethod
Duetothedifferenttechnicalcharacteristicsoftheinformationsources,themethodsforobtaininginformationarealsodiverse.Forexample,toconducton-siteinvestigationsofrelevantissues,observationmethods,questionnairesurveymethods,interviewmethods,etc.canbeused;themostconvenientmethodisnaturallycomputerretrieval.Therefore,wecanadoptappropriatemethodsaccordingtoinformationneedsandexistingconditions.
Forexample,getinformationaboutthe2008OlympicGames.Therearemanywaystoobtainsuchas:relevantdepartmentsofsportscommissionsatalllevels,newspapers,relatedTVprograms,fansoftheOlympicGames,andbooksonrelatedwebsites(theofficialwebsiteoftheOlympicOrganizingCommittee,theOlympiccolumnoflargenewswebsites,etc.).Accordingtotheactualsituation,itisnotrealistictogototheSportsCommissiontoobtainOlympicmaterials;watchingTVprogramsandnewspapersrequiresalotoftimetobrowse,andlackssystemicity;andaskingOlympicfanscannotbethemainway.Therefore,onlinequeryisamoreeffectivemethod.
Evaluatinginformation
Evaluatinginformationisaveryimportantstepforeffectiveinformationacquisition,anditdirectlyinvolvesthebenefitsofinformationacquisition.Theevaluationisbasedonthepreviouslydeterminedinformationrequirements,suchastheamountofinformation,theapplicabilityoftheinformation,theformoftheinformationcarrier,thecredibilityoftheinformation,andthetimelinessoftheinformation.
Iftheselectedinformationcannotmeetpeople'sinformationneeds,itisnecessarytofurtherclarifytheinformationneeds,reselecttheinformationsource,andadjusttheinformationacquisitionmethodintimetoobtaininformationagain.
Informationprocessing
Overview
Informationprocessingreferstoaseriesofprocessessuchasdiscrimination,screening,classification,sorting,analysis,andreconstructiontomakethecollectedinformationBecometheinformationthatcanmeetourneeds,thatis,thepurposeofinformationprocessingistodiscoverthevalueofinformationandfacilitatetheuseofusers.Informationprocessingisthebasisofinformationutilizationandanimportantconditionforinformationtobecomeusefulresources.
Importance
1.Inalargeamountoforiginalinformation,thereareinevitablysomefalseinformation.Onlycarefulscreeninganddiscriminationcanavoidthemixingoftrueandfalse.
2.Theinitiallycollectedinformationisakindofinitial,messy,andisolatedinformation.Onlybycategorizingandsortingthisinformationcanitbeusedeffectively.
3.Throughtheprocessingofinformation,newinformationcanbecreated,makingtheinformationmorevaluable.
Generalprocess
1Establishinformationprocessinggoals
2Discriminate,filter,classify,sort,analyzeandrecreatethecollectedinformation
3Modifyandreprocessaccordingtothetarget
Example:
Theprocessofwritingaspeech
①Determinethetopicofthespeech----------------------------------Process1
②TothedataDiscriminationandscreening-------╗
③Classifyandsorttheselectedmaterials╣——————Process2
④Writeaspeech-------------------╝
⑤Revisionofthespeech————————————Process3
Computer
Processofprocessinginformation
Computerhasfastcalculationspeedandlargestoragecapacity,sothecomputercanprocesslargequantitiesofinformationwithhighquality
⒈AccordingtothetypeofinformationAndprocessingrequirementschooseappropriatecomputersoftwareorself-programming,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofcomputertechnology,peoplecanconvenientlyusetheseapplicationsoftwareforinformationprocessing.Forsomedataprocessingwithspecialrequirements,self-programmingisrequired.
⒉Informationentry.Entertheinformationtobeprocessedintothecomputer.Informationentryisnotcomplicated,butitispronetoerrors.Therefore,theenteredinformationmustbestrictlychecked.
⒊Informationprocessing.Aftertheinformationisentered,thesoftwarecanbeselectedtoprocesstheinformation.
⒋Informationoutput.Afterinformationprocessingiscompleted,theprocessingresultscanbedisplayedonthescreenorprintedoutaccordingtotheformatspecifiedbythesoftware
⒌informationstorage.Iftheprocessedinformationisnotusedimmediately,itcanbestoredinthecomputer'sharddiskormobilestorage,andcalledoutwhenitistobeused
Typeofinformationprocessing
①AutomaticinformationbasedonprogramdesignProcessingreferstothepreparationofspecialprogramsforspecificproblemstorealizetheautomationofinformationprocessing,whichwecallinformationprogrammingprocessing.Theoriginalintentionofprogrammingprocessingistousethecomputer'shigh-speedcomputingpowertoimprovetheefficiencyofinformationprocessing,beyondthelimitationsofmanualinformationprocessing.
②Humanizedinformationprocessingbasedonpopularinformationtechnologytools,includingtheuseofwordprocessingsoftwaretoprocesstextinformation,spreadsheetsoftwaretoprocessforminformation,andmultimediasoftwaretoprocessmultimediainformationsuchasimages,sounds,videos,andanimations.
③Intelligentinformationprocessingbasedonartificialintelligencetechnology.Referstotheuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytoprocessinformation.Theproblemofintelligentprocessingtheoryishowtomakecomputersprocessinformationmoreautonomously,reducehumanparticipation,andfurtherimprovetheefficiencyandhumanityofinformationprocessing.