translated
"Ostracism", Greek original is "ὀστρακισμός" from "ὄστρακον".
my country's philosophy, law, and historical community generally translates it as a "pottery plate exhibiting method" or "shell exhibiting method". This is because the original "ὄστρακον" is primarily referring to both shells, and can also be translated as a pottery. In modern times, Western historians have a big argument for the "ὄστρακον" used in the exterior system of Athens Pottery. However, as of the 1990s, Athens archaeological excavation of "ὄστρακον" is pottery, without a shell. In order to make the translated name more in line with the actual situation of the exiled system implemented by Athens, the word OSTRACISM (ὀστρακισμός) is generally translated into "Pottery Explain".
related system
system implementation
ceramic flakes is a unique political legal system implemented by several ancient Greek City, Athens, the 5th century BC . Every year, the 6th executive committee (also known as the Bureau, the Standing Institution, which is also known as the Bureau of Five hundred people of the Civil Conference), and the Standing Committee will ask the Civil Congress whether it needs to be drained. A person who has enabled the city-state from the richness (the initial purpose of the system is to exhibit the President of the Lord of the Lord, if the conference vote passed the proposal, the exhibition will be implemented in February or March of the following year, the place is Municipal Square (Agora). But the convening of the exiled voting meeting does not mean that some people have been exiled, because the Athens law requires the number of legal number of 6,000 people. On the same day, the central government has raised a circular venue with a wooden board and left 10 entrances, and corresponds to 10 tribes in Athens so that the same tribe will enter the same entrance. The voter is in the ballot - the slurry of the pottery. He is thinking that he thinks should be presented by the name, and put into the voting box of this part. If the total number of votes does not reach 6000, this vote is invalid; if more than 6000, then according to the name of the ticket, the ticket is classified, the number of tickets is the person selected for the present year, the exiled period is 10 years (one said for 5 years However, it can be recalled for the needs of the city state. The expropries have no right to defend themselves, and they must be processed within 10 days.
System Advantages
Each citizen can express its political opinions and wishes through the pottery, reflect the extensiveness of ancient Athens democratic politics; it is conducive to eliminating the interests of civilians Officials, opposed the behavior of the interests of the citizens, and at the same time, they can constrain the act of officials, eliminate instability, which is conducive to the national stability and the maintenance of normal democratic order.
System Phase
Historical facts show that "Pottery Plastic Explain Law" also has its difficult to overcome the disadvantage, this illusion is the judgment made by this law, depending on the judgment of this law, depending on the judgment of this law. The emotions, and citizens are often unpreposed because of some politicians. Therefore, citizens' judgment on officials and disadvantage may not be well thought out, and the judgment of voting with pottery will not be accurate. In the late Athens democracy, the party struggle frequently, some politicians often use democracy to call the people to put "Pottery Plate Explain" as a weapon against political enemies. The disadvantage of "Pottery Explain Law" is more severely revealed, increasingly losing the role of maintaining democracy, but opposite, exacerbating anarchism.
System storage
According to the ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle in the "Athens Political system", Athens Governor Cristin is in the leaders of the people of the Athens DIST was established in the process of establishing democratic politics (approximately 509 - 508) founded a pottery flats. The initial purpose of the pottery exiled system was to deal with politically grasp the power of the right to establish an Athens politician who established the main politics. It is worth noting that the real start implementation of the system is far apart from its settling time. Until the Marathon Battle in the Holbo War after two years after the two years of MARATHON, Athens civilians have achieved greater political power, the ceramic flakes will be implemented for the first time (about 487 BC). The first subsequent person is the relatives of PEISistratus for the former Athens, the Peisistratus, HipParchus.
Pottery is not very frequent in politics in Athens, and there is no more additional punishment for the exiled person.
Aristeides AristEs, who was in the deposit, and was written by a citizen who was written on his own name to the ticket cabinet. Aristide asked what people To be released, the man replied: "Not what, I don't even know this person; but I have called him to the 'justice', I am still ago."
Spring 417 BC, Athens civilian leader Hayber Polas is exhibited by the pottery. He was forced to walk away from Samos Island, and the result was killed by a radical molecule that supported oligarchy. This incident caused great influence in Athens civilians, the people have been dedicated to a farce, and there will be no longer aid, and the pottery will be used in Athens.
Take the character
Aristide is generated by
Aristide is an exemplary power that is exiled by the "Pottery Explain". Aristide conducted a famous marathon battle, and there was a Herch war in the war against Persian aggression, and he served as the highest administrative position of the chief executive of Athens. But Aristide is a stubborn representative of a noble interest in politics. After the Marathon Battle, he used powers and departed from the principles of democracy, manipulating the aristocratic meeting, opposing the raising of civilians, and attempted to build a government of a few aristocrats in Athens. Out of the interests of the aristocratics, he opposes the development of industrial and commercial trade, but also opposes the new navy to deal with Persian aggression. In the abundance of democracy, Aristide's behavior has made him sharp opposition with the democratics. So, an irritated people regarded him as the most dangerous enemy of democratic politics. At the chairman of the civic meeting, Athens citizens used Aristide to manipulate the national government, and the martial arts established the monarchic authorization, he used the "Pottery Explain Law" to play him. After he stepped down, the democratic parties were consolidated and developed by the democratic politics of Athens.
Domostok is a more prominent person than the Aristotel status by
Limith, he is the first half of the 5th century BC. Famous politicians and military homes. He has served as the chief executive of Athens, the chief general, and master the highest power in Athens countries. The contribution of Limitock's contribution to Athens is prominent. He formed a navy, so that Athens became the head and other strong countries in the Greek world; he cut the aristocratics, raising the status of civilians, accelerating the democratization of national political life, in the Salami Battle, directed the Athens Navy, and achieved the invades of Persian The decisive victory of the person, in order to prevent Sparta's intrusion, he leaders to build the defense wall of Athens. These achievements in Domostok have enabled him to get the highest power and lofty honors of Athens, and the state of Greek. However, after gaining power and honor, but made a smart, becoming greedy and loved. He uses his reputation and power, constantly igniting private, but not only Lesson State, but also knocking the compatriots, with this gathering a lot of money, his family has increased by 33 times in a short period of time. At the same time, he also uses a variety of ways to show off his own achievements, often borrowed from the citizenship conference, trying to build personal prestige. These behaviors in Domantok have increasing the dissatisfaction of the people. Athens citizens believe that his quality is corrupted, become a democratic locust, should not continue to lead a democratic city state. In 472 BC, the Athens citizen is like the enemy of other democratic politics, and he uses "Pottery Explain Law" to the Athens. The old Athens leader, during the exile, and finally went to the enemy Persian. In an ancient Greek literature, in detail, it records the exiled things in Mistok, and the pottery of the prior years will be released in Athens in Athens.
Simon is enriching the famous political leader in Athens after Dimitock. His contribution to Athens is also huge. He as a military commander, commanding the Athens several times to defeat the Persian aggressor, and completely eliminates the birthplace of the Persi Navy, and obtain the final victory of the Greece anti-Pis; Simon also serves as the chief general of Athens, high-level weight; he ruling, Make Athens wealth, the strong national strength, the cultural undertakings and municipal construction have been unprecedented development. These achievements of Simon have made him a warm support of Athens people, and thus in Greece, the names of famous. But because Simon itself is a nobles who have huge households, in politics and economic interests, it is incompatible with the vast people, so after the end of the Wave War, they will hold national government, reject civilians, suppress democracy, abuse, and even accept Macedonia. King's bribe. These behaviors have led him to their support. More serious is that he has colluded with the hostile city of Pentama, and promotes the policy of Padarta in Athens, fighting with democratic. When Sparta's people's uprising, Simon did not care about the people's opposition, ignoring national interests, personally brought to Sparta to suppress the arms. The Spartan believes that the Athenians who entered the country have been tested, and they drive them out of Sparta. This matter has greatly insulted the national dignity of Athens, which leads to public confrontation of Spartan and Athens. Simon's reputation is therefore a more than a thousand feet. Other people are incorrect
Hipparchos, born in Collytus district, Camos (Charmus), former Athens 僭 西西 ((PiStratos) A relative, who served as the Athens, 496-495, was held in BC.
BC 487-488 (?) was released
Megacles, from the Athens AlopeKe area.
486 BC is exiled
Kallias, unknown.
Exemplified
Sanzbas (xanthippos), from the Cholargos District of Athens, from 479 - 478 BC, served as Athens.
is exiled 484 BC (AριστείΔης) is the Preschool, military home, nickname "justice" in the 5th century BC. He may be appointed as the army (στρατηγγ] command to command the army (στρατηγγ) in the Marathon before 490, and is selected as the ruling officer (αρχων) due to the war and the war merits 489-488. Soon, as the advocacy of the land warfare expert, the integrity and "nobility", the advocacy of the sea battle, "Democrat", has a hostile relationship (according to Puttak).
Their struggle did not last long: he was exhibited by Athens in the first 483 to 482. On the residual pottery, people accuse him of "MEDISM) and the crude people to ask for him. But some people think this is a natural prevention of a democratic system to a human rights over the collective. There is a famous story telling the day of the voting, there is a non-literary public to come to him, asking him to write "Aristide" on the potter. He photographed, and then asked why the public would extends this person. He has something wrong. That public replied: "He didn't do something wrong, I didn't even know him. But I hate people everywhere to praise him 'justice'.
5 years later, he was recalled when Xue Xis was invaded; and later recalled in the Sarami Harmony, command the Hoplite to the Fleet of Mistokley. Fight, and achieved the deterministic victory of Hippass War. He was elected as the chief general (στρατηωρ) in the first 479 (πλατωωρ) to guard Prai (πλατι). After the end of the Wave War, he was founded by the Ionian Bang, and founded the Tilo League, and established the share of the fundraising funds, laying the foundation for the development of the alliance. He and Domantokley have also successfully teased Sparta, built a city wall for Athens City.
serves as the first political figure in Athens, but it is said that the cost of burial in the death is weak, and it is the cost of the city and fund him until the latter to the 4th century. His poverty may be derived from the long-term war of Persia; but Falles's de Temtrib (Δη ήήήριςςφααληρε ??, the first 3th century, Athens politicians), the evidence is that he does actually have a lot of wealth.
● Kallixenos is from the Athens XYpete area.
Exemption
BC, Aristeides (Archon489 / 8), from the Athens Alopeke area, held in Athens 489-488 BC Volume.
Exemplified
BC, DomantoCles, from the Phrearrhioi area of Athens, was served at Athens, 493-492.
BC 471 (?) was exiled
● Guest Mongolian (Kimon), from the Lakiadai District of Athens, once a general of Athens.
461 BC is exiled
● Alcibiades, born in the Skambonidai area of Athens, distinguishing between the Athens political home in the late 5th century, history Calling "Old Asian Comparison".
BC 460 (?) was exiled
● Menon, unknown.
Exemption
BC, the son of Thucydides, Milesias (Milesias) is born in Athens Alopeke District (with ancient Greek historians Xiki Dece is the same name, for two two people).
443 BC is exiled
● Hyperbolos, born in Athens Pherthoidai District.
Exemplified
Samouous, Samouous, Greece, Samura,
(Note: Figure is written with Aristide) ARIST