Ivy League

DevelopmentHistory

ThetermTheIvyLeague(TheIvyLeague)comesfromthe1950s.Theabove-mentioneduniversitieshadsocialandsportscompetitionsasearlyastheendofthe19thcentury.Theideaof​​theallianceschoolwasbrewedin1956.Whentheschoolsformulatedtherulesofsportscompetitions,theythenformulatedtherulesoftheIvyLeagueschools.Thepresidents,sportsdirectorsandsomeadministrativedirectorsoftheleagueschoolswereselectedtomeetregularlytodiscusscommonschoolenrollment,financial,aid,andadministrativeissues.

IntheearlyIvyLeague,therewereonly4universities:Harvard,Yale,ColumbiaandPrinceton.TheRomannumeralof4is"IV",plusasuffixY,itbecomes"IVY",whichmeansIvyinEnglish,soitisalsocalledtheIvyLeagueschool.Later,thefederationofthese4universitiesexpandedto8.TheinstitutehasbecometheprestigiousIvyLeagueschooltoday.

Therearetwotheoriesabouttheoriginofthename"IvyLeague".

Accordingtothefirsttheory,theoriginalnameofthe"IvyLeague"shouldbetracedbackto1937.AsportsjournalistStanleyoftheNewYorkHeraldTribune(NewYorkHeraldTribune)Mr.StanleyWoodwardcoinedthistermbecausetheoldestandmosteliteschoolbuildingsintheUnitedStatesarecoveredbyivy.

Accordingtothesecondtheory,itcomesfromthesportsassociationcalledthe"FourLeague"earlier.ItsmembersincludeColumbiaUniversity,HarvardUniversity,PrincetonUniversityandYaleUniversity.Whilemaintainingtheacademictradition,the"FourLeague"waswrittenasthe"IVLeague"inRomannumerals.WhenreadingEnglishletters,"IV"hasthesamepronunciationas"Ivy".

Nomatterwhichtheoryiscorrect,by1954,theterm"IvyLeague"(alsoknownasTheCouncilofIvyGroupPresidents)wasformallyused.

TheIvyLeagueisanallianceofcollegesanduniversitiescomposedofsevenuniversitiesandonecollegeintheUnitedStates.

TheyaretheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPennsylvania,HarvardUniversityinMassachusetts,YaleUniversityinConnecticut,ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkState,PrincetonUniversityinNewJersey,BrownUniversityinRhodeIsland,NewYorkStateCornellUniversity,DartmouthCollege,NewHampshire.These8universitiesarethetopuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,withalonghistoryandrigorousacademicstudies.Manyfamousscientists,politicians,andbusinessgiantsallgraduatedhere.IntheUnitedStates,IvyLeaguecollegesaresynonymouswithtopschools.

ThetermIvyLeagueoriginallyreferstotheleagueofsportscollegesanduniversitiesformedbyeightuniversitiesinthenortheasternUnitedStates,including:Harvard(Harvard)wasfoundedin1636,Yale(Yale)wasfoundedin1701,Pennsylvania(Penn)wasestablishedin1740,Princetonwasestablishedin1746,Columbiawasestablishedin1754,Brownwasestablishedin1764,Dartmouthwasestablishedin1769,andCornell(Cornell)wasfoundedin1865.

Theseeightuniversitiesareallfirst-classuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Theyhavealonghistory,rigorousscholarship,highlevelofprofessors,andgoodqualityofstudents.Therefore,IvyLeagueuniversitieshaveanexcellentreputation.Amongthem,CornellUniversitywasestablishedaftertheAmericanWarofIndependence,andtheremainingsevenuniversitieswereestablishedbeforetheAmericanWarofIndependence.BeforetheWarofIndependence,therewereeightuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,andsevenofthemjoinedtheIvyLeague.OnlytheCollegeofWilliamandMaryrefusedtojointheallianceduetogeographicallocationandoperatingmode.

Organizationmembers

HarvardUniversity

HarvardUniversityisaprivateuniversitylocatedinCambridge,Boston,Massachusetts,USA,andamemberoftheIvyLeagueOnewasestablishedin1636bytheMassachusettscolonylegislature.TheinstitutionwasnamedHarvardCollegeonMarch13,1639afterapastorJohnHarvardwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityinEngland.In1780,HarvardCollegewasrenamedHarvardUniversity.Untilthe19thcentury,HarvardCollege,whichwasfoundedforacenturyandahalf,wasstillbasedonthetwouniversitiesofOxfordandCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,withthegoalofcultivatingpastors,lawyersandofficials,focusingonhumanities,andstudentscouldnotfreelychoosecourses.Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury,theclarioncallforhighereducationcurriculumreformwassoundedatHarvard,advocating"academicfreedom"and"freedomoflecture".Theoldframeof"fixedacademicyear"and"fixedcourses"hasbeenimpacted,andthesystemoffreeelectivecourseshasgraduallyemerged.

HarvardUniversityisaschoolthatenjoysthereputation,wealthandinfluenceoftopuniversitiesintheworld.ItisknownasthethinktankoftheUSgovernment,anditsbusinessschoolcaseteachingisalsowell-known.AsoneofthebestuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,itoftenranksfirstintherankingsofresearchinstitutionsintheworld.

YaleUniversity

YaleUniversityisaprivateuniversitylocatedinNewHaven,Connecticut.School).

YalewasoriginallyaCalvinMissionSchool.In1718,Mr.ElihuYale,aseniorofficialoftheBritishEastIndiaCompany,donated9bundlesofgoodsworth562poundsand12shillingstothismissionschool.The417books,aswellastheportraitandcoatofarmsofKingGeorgeI,werenothingshortofagifttotheinfantYaleatthetime.InordertothankMr.Yaleforhisdonation,theschoolofficiallychangeditsnameto"YaleCollege",whichisthepredecessorofYaleUniversitytoday.

Fromthe1830stothe1980s,YalegraduallydevelopedfromacollegetoauniversitywiththeunremittingeffortsoftheBishopofBerkeley,ReverendStyles,andPresidentPorter.Bythebeginningofthe20thcentury,withtherapiddevelopmentofAmericaneducation,YaleUniversityhasgrowntoanastonishingscaleanditsinfluenceintheworldhasalsoreachednewheights.YaleUniversityisthethirduniversityestablishedinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates(thefirstisHarvardUniversity,andthesecondistheCollegeofWilliamandMary).Theschool’sfacultylineup,academicinnovation,curriculum,andvenuefacilitiesareamongthefirst-class.,PrincetonUniversityisequallyfamous,andhasbeencompetingforthetopthreepositionsinAmericanuniversitiesandgraduateschoolsovertheyears.HarvardUniversityisfamousforitsgraduateeducation,theCollegeofWilliamandMaryisfamousforundergraduateeducation,andYaleisfamousforwalkingonbothfeet,anditranksamongthebestintheworlduniversityrankings.

UniversityofPennsylvania

TheUniversityofPennsylvaniaisaprivateuniversityestablishedin1740undertheinitiativeofthefoundingfatheroftheUnitedStatesBenjaminFranklin.ItisoneoftheIvyLeagueuniversitiesinthenortheasternUnitedStates.ItislocatedinPhiladelphia,thecradleoftheUnitedStates.The9signatoriesoftheDeclarationofIndependenceand11signatoriesoftheU.S.Constitutionarerelatedtothisschool.Itiswell-knownintheUnitedStatesandtheworldforitsexcellentundergraduateeducation,outstandingscientificresearchresultsandexcellentgraduateprograms.

TheUniversityofPennsylvaniawasoriginallynamedPhiladelphiaCollege,anditisthefourtholdesthighereducationinstitutioninNorthAmericaafterHarvard(NewCollege),theCollegeofWilliamandMary,andYale(CollegeSchool).TheschoolembodiesBenjaminFranklin’sideaof​​establishingahuman-orientedpracticaleducationcollege.ItisdifferentfromHarvardandYale,whichwereaimedatcultivatingclergyatthetime.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniawasthefirstuniversitytointegratescience,history,mathematics,agriculture,andEnglish.TheintroductionofknowledgecoursesandpracticalcoursesintotheschoolsyllabusmarkedthebirthofanewmodelofhighereducationinNorthAmerica.Whatisvaluableisthatundertheguidanceofthisphilosophy,theUniversityofPennsylvaniadidnotexcludereligiousteaching,butplacedreligiononanequalstatuswithothersubjectswhileteaching.Pennbecamethefirstreal"university"inNorthAmerica:itwasthefirstschoolinNorthAmericatosetupbothanundergraduatecollegeandaprofessionalcollege(medicalschool,1765),breakingtheprevioussinglecollegesystem;itwasalsoThefirstschoolinNorthAmericanamed"University"(UniversityoftheStateofPennsylvania,1779),laterrenamedtheUniversityofPennsylvania(UniversityofPennsylvania).

AccordingtoFranklin'sideas,theUniversityofPennsylvaniafocusesonpracticalsubjectsincurriculumsettings,suchasmodernlanguages,publiclaw,economics,scienceandengineering,socialsciences,andbusiness.BecausetheUniversityofPennsylvaniaiscommittedtothedevelopmentofpracticalsubjects,ithasalwaysfocusedonsubjectsthatareusefulforsocialdevelopmentandhumanprogress,unlikethoseschoolsthatfocusontheologicalresearch.Itisextremelycourageousinreligioustheory,anddaredtobethefirstintheschool-runningmodel,thusleavingmany"first"honorsinthehistoryofAmericanuniversityentrepreneurship:thefirstmodernliberalartscoursewasopenedin1756;thefirstin1765Oneestablishedamedicalschool;thefirsttousechemistrytextbooksin1770;thefirsttoendthecollegemodelin1779andreplaceitwithauniversitymodel;toestablishthefirstteachinghospitalin1874;tocreatethefirstin1881Abusinessschool;thefirstuniversitymuseumwasbuiltin1887;thefirstuniversitypsychologyclinicwasestablishedin1896,andtheworld’sfirstelectroniccomputer"ENIAC"wasdevelopedin1946;Auniversitycabletelevisionstationoperatedandmanagedbystudents;thefirsthumangenetherapyinstitutewasestablishedin1992;thefirstfemalepresidentofanIvyLeagueuniversitywaselectedin1994-thefirstinthisseriesof"UniversityofPennsylvania""Therecordhasearnedmethereputationof"DaretoInnovateandDaretoDevelop"inAmericancollegesanduniversities.ThetopacademicreputationandscientificresearchresultsmakeitoneofthebestschoolsintheUnitedStates.

CornellUniversity

CornellUniversity(CornellUniversity)wasfoundedin1865byAzraCornell.Amongall"IvyLeagueschools",Cornellistheshortestinhistory,andatthesametimeitisthelargest.Ithasmorethan13,000undergraduates,whichisfaraheadofother"IvyLeagueschools".CornellUniversityhasthebestengineeringcolleges,agriculturallifecolleges,hotelmanagementandveterinarycollegesintheIvyLeagueschools.CornellUniversityisinasmalltowninUpperNewYorkState,wherethesceneryisbeautifulandtheatmosphereisopen.Cornell’scampusislocatedonthetopofahill.Lookingoutfromthewindowofthelibrary,Icanseeavastexpanse.Thecampuscoversanareaof​​morethan3,000acres,whichisgrandiosecomparedtothemorecrowdeduniversitiesinthenortheasternUnitedStates.

Comparedwithothercompletelyprivate"IvyLeagueschools",thesystemofCornellUniversityisalsounique.Itisa"public-privatepartnership"university.Amongthesevencolleges,theCollegeofAgricultureandBiology,theCollegeofHumanEnvironment,andtheCollegeofIndustrialandLaborRelationsarepubliccollegesunderthejurisdictionoftheNewYorkStateGovernment.Theotherfourcolleges:theSchoolofArtsandSciences,theSchoolofArchitecture,ArtandPlanning,theSchoolofEngineering,andtheSchoolofHotelManagementareprivate.CornellUniversitybringstogethertheadvantagesofpublicandprivatecollegesandwelcomesstudentsfromalldirectionswithopenarms.Cornell’sHotelManagementCollegeissecondtononeintheUnitedStates.Fortrainingandlearning,Cornellsetupitsownhotel.TheCollegeofAgricultureisalsooneofthebestamongsimilaruniversitiesinthecountry.ManyofthestudentsfromherehaveenteredtheCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineforfurtherstudies,pursuingmaster'sanddoctoraldegrees.Inaddition,CornellhastheCornellNationalSupercomputerCenter,whichcosts35millionUSdollars.TheschoolcolorofCornellUniversityisbrightred,brightandenthusiastic,andunrestrained.ThepurposeoftheestablishmentofthisuniversitybyCornellSr.was"toallowanyonetolearnthesubjectstheywanttolearn".Itseemsthatanyone'syouthcanburnhereatCornell.Sinceitsbirth,CornellUniversityhasinfluencedtheentireU.S.highereducationwithitsinnovativespirit.Ithasalsocultivatedmanyinfluentialfiguresforcountriesaroundtheworld,suchasChina’sHuShi,MaoYisheng,ZhaoYuanren,RenHongjun,andYangXingfo.CelebritiessuchasDaiFanglan,TangYue,ZouBingwen,ZhangXinyi,JinShanbao,ZengWei,TangZhenxu,ZhaoZukang,TanGaosheng,etc.haveallstudiedatCornellUniversity.

41alumnioftheschoolhavewontheNobelPrize.Asof1983,18oftheschool’sgraduateshavewontheNobelPrize,includingonewinneroftheliteratureprizeandonewinnerofthepeaceprize.Thereare6physicsprizewinners,5chemistryprizewinners,and5medicineandbiologyprizewinners.WellsBiddle,whograduatedfromCornellUniversity(Ph.D.)in1931,isawell-knowngeneticistwhowontheNobelPrizeandwasalsothepresidentoftheUniversityofChicago.ThealumniofCornellUniversityundertookthecreationofStanfordUniversity.ThefirstpresidentandmorethanhalfoftheprofessorscamefromCornell,sothemaincolorofStanfordSchoolisalsosimilartoCornell's"BigRed".

ColumbiaUniversity

ColumbiaUniversity(ColumbiaUniversity)islocatedinthecenterofNewYorkCity.Itwasfoundedin1754andcelebratedits250thanniversaryin2004.Atthebeginningofitsestablishment,therewasonlyoneclassroom,oneprofessorandeightstudents.Today,sheisoneoftheeightprestigiousIvyLeagueschoolswith23,650students.BecauseitoccupiestherightplaceinNewYorkCity,thestudentscomehereadmiringly.Today,ColumbiaUniversityhas16colleges,anditscomprehensiveacademicrankinghasalwaysenjoyedaworldreputation.Itsmedicine,lawandMBAarealsooutstanding,andenjoyinternationalreputationinnaturalsciencedisciplinessuchasphysics,mathematics,chemistry,biology,andgeography.ColumbiaisthebirthplaceofthefamousManhattanProject,thefirstnuclearfissioninNorthAmerica.

TheColumbiaUniversityMBAprogramismoreflexible,andstudentscanstudyinanysemesterstartinginJanuary,May,andSeptember.ColumbiaUniversityGraduateSchoolofEducationistheworld'slargestcomprehensivegraduateschoolinpedagogy,appliedpsychology,andmentalhealth.ItwasoncerankedfirstintheUSGraduateSchoolofEducation.Ithasnumerousresearchcentersandisoneofthebestgraduateschoolsintheabove-mentioneddisciplinesintheUnitedStates.Columbiahasaflexibletransfersystem.Overthepast250yearssincethefoundingofColumbiaUniversity,nearly254,000studentsofvarioustypeshavebeentrainedin180countriesandregions,includingtheUnitedStates.ManycelebritiesinmodernChina,suchasHuShi,MaYinchu,FengYoulan,WuWenzao,SongZiwen,JinYuelin,TangAoqing,GuWeijun,LiZhengdao,WuJianxiong,etc.allgraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity.

ColumbiaUniversity’salumnialsoincludefivefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStates,Mundell,thefatheroftheEuro,WarrenBuffett,Dewey,themasterofpragmatismphilosophy,andCartel,Thorndike,andWuDevos.

TwoChiefJusticesoftheU.S.SupremeCourtHarlan.F.Stone(HarlanF.Stone)andCharles.EHughes(CharlesE.Hughes),andUSPresidentTheodore.RooseveltandFranklin.D.Roosevelt,fourteenmayorsofNewYorkCity,andtengovernorsofNewYorkStateareColumbiaUniversityalumni.Inaddition,the34thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesDwight.Eisenhowerwasoncethe13thpresidentofColumbiaUniversity.Alumnihave101NobelPrizewinners,rankingsecondintheworld,143academiciansoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,and28MacArthurPrizewinnersofthe"GeniusAward".

ThePulitzerPrize,thehighestjournalismawardintheUnitedStates,isawardedbytheColumbiaJournalismSchool.ThePulitzerPrizehasbecomethehighesthonorrecognizedintheUnitedStatesforjournalismpractitioners.143ofColumbiaalumnihavewontheaward.

PrincetonUniversity

PrincetonUniversity(NJ)islocatedinPrinceton,NewJersey,USA.ItisthefourthhighereducationcollegeestablishedduringtheAmericancolonialperiod.ItisthefourthuniversityestablishedintheBritishNorthAmericanpart.Althoughitwasoriginallyaneducationalinstitutionofelders,ithasnowbecomeanon-religiousuniversityanddoesnothaveanyreligiousrequirementsforstudents.Thisuniversityofferstwomainstreamundergraduatedegrees:BachelorofArtsandBachelorofEngineering.

JustlikeotherEnglishschoolsintheNorthAmericancolonies,PrincetonmaintainsastrongEuropeanstyleofeducation.Thefoundingpurposeemphasizestrainingstudentstohavecomprehensiveliteracyinhumanitiesandscience.Theultimategoalistocultivatescholarsthatthestateandthechurchareproudofthroughitsuniqueeducationalmethods.Thistraditionandtodayisstillthefocusoftheschool'semphasisandthesignificanceofshowingreligionisnolongerseen.Graduatealumniupholdthistraditionandhavemadetheirmarkinallwalksoflife,makingPrincetonfamous.Forexample,amonggraduatealumni,therearegovernorsandHollywoodstars.ThemostworthmentioningisthattwoofthealumnihaveservedasPresidentoftheUnitedStates:theyarePresidentMadison(JamesMadison,1771)andPresidentWilson(WoodrowWilson,1879).Intheacademicaspect,itisalsoduetothemutualbenefitofteaching.AmongthepreviousNobelPrizewinnersinPhysics,eightareprofessorsatUPU.ThefamousrelativitymasterAlbertEinsteinalsotaughthereandengagedinadvancedresearch.

AlthoughtheEuropeanstyleofstudyhadaprofoundinfluenceonUniversalUniversity,theWarofIndependenceignitedontheEnglishcoloniesoncemadePrincetonamajorbattlefield.Forexample,NassauHall(NassauHall),currentlyservingasanadministrativebuildingonthecampus,wasusedasabaseformilitarycampsandhospitalsbytheIndependentAlliedForcesortheBritishArmyseveraltimesduringtheWarofIndependence.In1783,theContinentalCongressoftheThirteenStateswasheldinNashaHall.AlliedleaderWashingtoncameheretopresentfiftygoldcoinstoPrincetonUniversityinrecognitionofhiscontributioninthewar.ThishistoricalimpactofEuropeancolonialismandtheWarofIndependencehasmadethestyleofstudyoftheUniversitymoreinheritedandinnovative.

BrownUniversity

BrownUniversity(BrownUniversity),knownforits"mostfree"styleofstudy,wasfoundedin1764.ItisanestablishedprivateuniversityintheUnitedStatesandanIvyLeagueschool."(IvyIeague)oneofthemembers.SheislocatedinthecapitalofRhodeIsland,asmallstateintheUnitedStates.In1998,"U.S.NewsandWorldReport"announcedtheNationalUniversityRankings,BrownUniversityranked9th,isaworld-famoustopuniversity.ThespiritoftheBrownsyllabusis:atBrownUniversity,noonewilltellyouwhatclasstotakeorhowtodo;theBrownsyllabusonlyrequiresstudentstogetagradehigherthanCinatleast30coursesbeforegraduation,andhaveacertaindegreeYoucangraduatewithwritingability.Brown’sstudentshavenorequiredcourses,noplusorminussignsforgrades,andfailinggradeswillnotshowuponthetranscript.Onlyfourcoursesarerequiredinasemester.

Incontrast,otherIvyLeagueschoolshavestricterregulations.StudentsatYaleUniversitymusttakeatleast36creditsincoursesandchoosethreecoursesineachofthefouracademicfields;Columbia’s"coresyllabus"hasverystrictrequirementsforstudentsincompulsorysubjects.Otherprestigiousuniversitiesmayhavecompulsorycoursesorcurriculumdistributionregulationstoallowstudentstodevelopascomprehensivelyaspossible.Brown'slackofrulesandregulationshasearnedittheloveandloyalsupportofatleasttwogenerationsofundergraduates.

BrownUniversity’sacademicstrengthsincludehistory,geology,religion,comparativeliterature,classicalliterature,modernlanguages​​andEnglishwriting.Themorepopularfieldsofsciencesubjectsincludeengineeringandpre-medicine.However,Brown’ssociology,psychology,andphilosophyarestillsubjecttoalotofcriticism.Manypeoplealsocomplainthathispowerfuleconomicdepartmentistooconservativeandbackwardtokeepupwiththepaceofthetimes.BrownUniversityattachesgreatimportancetoundergraduates.IfBrownUniversity’sexistingdepartmentdoesnothavewhattheywant,studentscandesigntheirowninterdisciplinaryprofessionalcourses;Brownalsohassomerareundergraduatemajors,suchasmarinebiology,medicalethics,Egyptianlanguage,moderncultureandmedia,AndevenBrazilianstudies,etc.,canbecalledavarietyofcategories;whethertoawardaprofessorfortenuredependsnotonlyonhisacademicachievements,butalsoonhisundergraduateteachinglevel.

BrownUniversityalsoprovidesstudentswithgoodandthoughtfulconsultingservices.Thissystemcombinesthefirststudentwithaprofessoranda"counselorofthesameage".The"housingconsultant"inthestudentdormitorywillalsohelpthestudentwhenheneedsit.AnAsianstudentsaid:"IhaveanAsianconsultant,afemalepeerconsultant,aresidentialconsultant,anethnicminorityconsultantandaconsultantteamleaderwholivesonthesamefloorofmydormitory."

ComparedwithotherIvyLeagueschools,BrownUniversityisapoorsister.Althoughitsannualalumnidonationrateisamongthemiddleofthealliedschools,theamountisthesmallest,whichisnothingcomparedtothewealthyHarvardandYale.Thealumnidonationsarebasicallyusedfortheexpenditureoftheyear.Probablybecauseofthis,whenBrownenrolled,95%ofthestudentswereadmittedwithoutregardtoincome,whilefortheremaining5%,prioritywasgiventothestrongonesbasedontheirfinancialability.Theresultsofa12-yearstudyshowthatBrown’sstudentsarequitesatisfiedwithBrown’scollegeeducationexperience.MostpeoplebelievethatBrown'scareerhasmadethebestpreparationsforhisfuture,andtheythinkthatthe"Brownsyllabus",Brown'sacademicfreedomandeducationalphilosophyareexcellent.MoreBrownpeopleevensaythatiftheyhaveachoice,theyarewillingtogotoBrowntogotocollegeagain,and92%willencouragetheirchildrentoreadBrown.

BrownUniversity’stuitionfeesarerelativelyhigh,generallyaroundUS$20,000peryear(excludingroomandboard).However,sinceitiseasytofindajobaftergraduation,withanannualsalaryofmorethantensofthousandsofyuan,thereisnodifficultyinenrollment.

DartmouthCollege

DartmouthCollegeislocatedinHanover,NewHampshire,inthenortheasternUnitedStates.ItisanIvyLeaguewiththesameTheschool’sColumbiaUniversityisjusttheopposite:ColumbiaUniversityislocatedinthedowntownareaof​​NewYork,themostprosperousmetropolisintheworld,whileDartmouthCollegeislocatedinaremotebutbeautifulnortherntown.Thegeographicaldifferencedeterminestheobviousdifferenceinthepersonalityofthestudentsattractedbythetwoschools.

ThestudentsofDartmouthCollegeareunrestrainedandcheerful.Forty-onepercentofboysand28%ofgirlsparticipatedintheschool’sShisiSistersAssociation,thehighestpercentageamongIvyLeagueschools.Itsundergraduateadmissionscompetitionisfierce,andtheundergraduateadmissionrateisonly10.9%.LikeBrownUniversity,whichisalsooneoftheIvyLeagues,oneoftheschool'sbiggestcharacteristicsisitssmallsizeandprecision.

Intoday'senvironmentofincreasingnumberofuniversities,DartmouthCollegemaintainsastrictenrollmentsystemandaveryhighentrancethreshold.Theteacher-studentratioisabout1:7,whichisasmall,high-qualityprivateinstitution.ResearchUniversities.Thereareabout4,200undergraduates,about2,000postgraduates,and1081professors.

FamousgraduatesofthiscollegeincludeAmericanpolitician,DanielWebster,whoservedtwiceasSecretaryofStateoftheUnitedStates,Dr.Seuss,authorofthefamouschildren'sbookseries"Dr.Suss",andformerVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesNelsonRockefellerandseveralfederalministers,severalU.S.TreasurysecretariesincludingPaulsonandGeithner,theCEOofGeneralElectric,andtheformerCEOofGoldmanSachs.ChinesealumniincludePhoenixTVhostZengZimo,BentleyGroupChinaGeneralManagerZhangLichen,LenovoGroupChiefStrategyOfficerCuongDo,LinXinhe,etc.

Schoolapplication

Admissionstatus

Ingeneral,thosewhocanattendtheseschoolsarestudentswhoaregoodatlearning,independent,andtalented.Generallyspeaking,studentswhoapplytoIvyLeagueuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshaveexcellentSATscores(commonlyknownastheAmericanCollegeEntranceExamination,whichisintherangeof2100-2300).Atthesametime,manyhavewonnationalandeveninternationalawardsforoutstandingstudents.Theintensityofhighschoolcoursesisamongthetopintheschool,andtheyhavevariousexpertiseandleadershipskills.However,academicperformanceisnottheonlyfactorinadmittingstudentstotheseschools.Whetherstudentshaveanindependentspiritandwhethertheycanadapttothestressfulandstressfullifeoffreshmenintheschoolisalsoanimportantfactorforthemtoconsider.Theseschoolsalladoptaprincipleof"onlymeritadmission,regardlessoffamilyincome".Theadmissionsofficecanadmitcandidatesbasedontheirowncircumstances,withoutconsideringthestudent'sfamily'sabilitytopaytuition.Theschoolhasstrongfinancialresourcesandwillnaturallyfillintheshortfall,benefitingmanyoutstandingchildrenfrompoorfamilies.Itissuchstrictadmissionprinciplesandperfectfundingpoliciesthathaveensuredtheprosperityoftheseprestigiousschoolsforhundredsofyears.However,eachyeartheeightIvyLeagueschoolsenrollnomorethan80studentsofChinesenationality,includingstudentsstudyinginhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesandSingapore.

TheIvyLeagueschoolhasplayedanimportantroleintheacademichistoryofthecontemporaryworld.ItisalsoaleaderinthescientificresearchandeducationsystemoftheentireWesternworld.Ithasbecomeaculturalsymbol.InthedevelopmentofcontemporaryWesternscienceandtechnologycivilization,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionsthatnoothereducationgroupcanreplace.FromthepointofviewofthenumberofNobelPrizewinnersithascultivated,itisenoughtodominatetheentireworld.

Applicationrequirements

1.Studentsandgraduatesoffamousdomestichighschoolsanduniversities.

2.Thedomesticaveragescoreis90-95orabove,ortheGPAisabove3.55,TOP10studentsintheschoolandtheregion.

3.Englishscore,TOEFL100pointsormore,SAT1200pointsormore.

4.Domesticarts,sports,andmathematicsarepreferred.

5.Prioritywillbegiventoawardsinrelatedcompetitionsandinternationalcompetitions.

HarvardUniversityApplicationRequirements

TOEFL(InternetTest)GPA

GREGMAT

SAT:math750,verbal750

TotalSATscore:1500act30-34

Admissionratio11.38%

PrincetonUniversityapplicationrequirements

TOEFL(InternetTest)GPA3.83

GREGMAT

SAT:math740,verbal730

SATtotalscore:1470act33

Acceptanceratioof12.65%

YaleUniversityApplicationRequirements

TOEFL(InternetTest)GPA

GREGMAT

SAT:math740,verbal740

TotalSATscore:1500act32

Acceptanceratio9.94%

UniversityofPennsylvaniaApplicationRequirements

TOEFL(InternetTest)GPA

GREGMAT

SAT:math670,verbal670

SATtotalscore:1340act29

Acceptanceratio20.78%

CornellUniversityapplicationrequirements

TOEFL(Internettest)GPA

GREGMAT

SAT:math690,verbal660

TotalSATscore:1350act

BrownUniversityApplicationrequirements

TOEFL(Internettest)GPA3.00

GREGMAT

SAT:math700,verbal690

SATtotalscore:1390act28-32

Admissionratio16.43%

Relatedreports

August11,2021,regardlessofthevaccinationofeachstudentWhat'sthesituation,theschoolwillrequireallstudentstobetestedforthenewcoronaviruseveryweek.

PublicIvy

Originofthename

ThiswordwasfirstusedbyProfessorRichardMolloftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruzinhisbook"CreatedinPublicIvy:AGuidetoAmerica’sBestPublicUndergraduateUniversities(1985).MollisthedirectoroftheadmissionscommitteeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Hehastraveledacrossthecountrytoexaminethequalityofhighereducation.Hefeelsthatmanypublicuniversities"provideIvyLeagueeducationatthepriceofpublicschools",butmanypeopledonotknowthis.alittle.

Mollnamedthesetoppublicuniversities"PublicIvies"andpublishedamonographin1985.Inparticular,hepointedouteightpublicschools(thesameasthenumberofIvyLeagueschools)thatheconsiderstobethesamepublicschoolsastheIvyLeagueschoolsfromtheoutsidetotheconnotation.

Itmustbenotedthattheuniversitiesandtheshortlistofcandidatesthatwereselectedthatyearwereallfirst-classuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesaccreditedbytheAssociationofAmericanUniversities(AAU).

Listofmembers

RichardMoore’spublicivylist:

1. UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley

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2. UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor:AprestigiouspublicschoolintheGreatLakesregion,withalong-standingdegreeinscience,business,engineeringandliterature,andoneofthetopthreepublicuniversities.

3. TheCollegeofWilliamandMary:ThesecondoldestschoolintheUnitedStatesafterHarvardUniversity.ItisknownasthefirstschoolintheSouth.Itisnotverylargebutsmallandsophisticated.Onceaprivateuniversity,itwastakenoverbytheVirginiastategovernmentintheearlytwentiethcentury.PrincetonUniversityisregardedasasubsidiaryoftheCollegeofWilliamandMary.

4. UniversityofVirginia

5. UniversityofTexasatAustin

6. NorthCarolinaUniversityofChapelHill

7. UniversityofVermont

8. UniversityofMiami(Oxford)

Waitinglist

RichardMoorealsolistedasecond-tierpublicIvyLeaguelistinthebook,including9schools:

1. UniversityofColoradoatBoulder

2. GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology

3. UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign:MiddleTheprestigiousnorthernuniversity,goodatcomputer,engineeringandbusiness,isthecoreuniversityofthestateuniversitysysteminthestate.

4. UniversityofMissouri-Columbia:aprestigiousschoolintheMidwest,thealmamaterofthefamousAmericanPresidentTruman,hastheworld'sfirstschoolofjournalism.Itistheonly"doctoralresearch/horizontalresearchuniversity"inthestatethatisalsoamemberoftheAmericanAssociationofUniversitiesandtheCarnegieCouncilforHigherEducation.Therearenomorethan30universitiesinthecountrywiththesamedualtitles.

5. PennsylvaniaStateUniversity

6. UniversityofPittsburgh:astate-linkedpublicuniversityfamousforphilosophyandmedicine,withalonghistoryandagreatreputationWell,itformsalargeuniversitycampusinPittsburghwithCarnegieMellonUniversityinthesamecity.

7. StateUniversityofNewYorkatBinghamton

8. UniversityofWashington,Seattle

9. UniversityofWisconsin-Madison:AnestablishedschoolintheGreatLakesregion,goodinnaturalsciencesandsocialsciences.Oneofthetopfourpublicuniversities.

Collegedistrict

LittleIvy

LittleIviesisaseriesoftopliberalartscollegesontheEastCoastoftheUnitedStates.ThetitleoriginatedfromtheNewEnglandSmallCollegeAthleticConference(NESCAC)establishedin1971.

SimilartotheeightIvyLeagueschools,NESCACmemberschoolshavealonghistory,topacademicreputation,elitebackgroundandstrongfinancialstrength,sotheyarecalled"littleivy."The11schoolsintheallianceinclude:

(TuftsUniversityin1955Fromaliberalartscollegetoacomprehensiveuniversity)

ThefoundingmembersoftheallianceareWilliamsCollege,AmherstCollege,WeissUniversityandBowdoinCollege.Thefirstthreearecollectivelycalled"LittleThree"(LittleThree),echoingthe"BigThree":Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton.

Latertherewasapublication"HiddenIvies"introducingalargenumberofliberalartscolleges,andthe"littleivy"wasofficiallyexpandedintoacollectionof14EastCoastliberalartscolleges:

• WilliamsCollege

• AmherstCollege

• SwarthmoreCollege

• WesleyanUniversity

• MingdeCollege

• BaoCollege

• ColbyCollege

• BatesCollege

• HaverfordCollege

• VasaCollege

• HamiltonCollege

• ColgateUniversity

• TrinityCollege

• ConnecticutCollege

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HiddenIvy

In"Thehiddenivies:thirtycollegesofexcellence"publishedin2000,educationexpertsMatthewGreenandHowardGreen(theyaretheexpansionoftheMoorePublicIvyThetwopeopleonthelist)proposedtheideaof​​"hidingtheivy."Later,in2009and2016,theypublishedthesecondeditionofGreenes'GuidestoEducationalPlanning:TheHiddenIvies:50TopColleges-fromAmherstToWilliams-thatRivaltheIvyLeagueandthethirdedition.EditionTheHiddenIvies,3rdEdition:63ofAmerica'sTopLiberalArtsCollegesandUniversities.The63schoolsinthethirdeditionprovidefirst-classliberalartseducation.

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Hiddenivylist

AmherstCollege	BarnardCollege	BatesCollege	BostonCollege
BowdenCollege	BrandeisUniversity	BrynmoreCollege	BucknellUniversity
CarletonCollege	CaseWesternReserveUniversity	ClaremontMcKennaCollege	ColbyCollege
ColgateSpecialUniversity	HolyCrossCollege	ColoradoCollege	DavidsonCollege
DenisonUniversity	DickinsonCollege	DukeUniversity	EmoryUniversity
FordhamUniversity	FranklinandMarshallCollege	GeorgetownUniversity	GrinellCollege
HamiltonCollege	HaverfordCollege	JohnsHopkinsUniversity	KenyangCollege
LafayetteCollege	LehighUniversity	MacalesterCollege	MiddleburyCollege
MontHolyokeCollege	NorthwesternUniversity	OberlinCollege	PomonaCollege
ReedCollege	RiceUniversity	SkidmoreCollege	SmithCollege
SouthernMethodistUniversity	StanfordUniversity	SwarthMoreCollege	TrinityCollege
TuftsUniversity	TulaneUniversity	UnionCollege	UniversityofChicago
UniversityofNotreDame	UniversityofRichmond	UniversityofRochester	UniversityofSouthernCalifornia
SivonSouthernUniversity	VanderbiltUniversity	VasaCollege	VillanovaUniversity
WakeForestUniversity	WashingtonandLeeUniversity	WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis	WellesleyCollege
WaysitUniversity	WilliamsCollege	ConnecticutCollege

IvyPlus

Manypeopleusetheterm"IvyPlus"(IvyPlus)torefertoIvyandafewequallyprestigiousschools(mainlyStanfordUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,UniversityofChicagoandDukeUniversity).However,somelistsalsoincludeNorthwesternUniversity,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,andCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

Theseschools,likeIvyLeagueschools,usuallyhaveanadmissionrateoflessthan10%andhightuitionfees.

ListofIvyPlus

BrownUniversity	ColumbiaUniversity	CornellUniversity
DartmouthCollege	DukeUniversity	HarvardUniversity
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology	PrincetonUniversity	StanfordUniversity
UniversityofChicago	UniversityofPennsylvania	YaleUniversity

NewIvy

NewIvy,orpan-ivy,referstoItisatopuniversityorliberalartscollegeintheUnitedStatesinadditiontotheeightschoolsmentionedabove.TheyhavethesameorevenbetterresearchandteachingcapabilitiesthantheeightIvyLeagueschools.TheirstudentsandprofessorsarenotinferiortotheIvyLeagueuniversities,andtheyareevenbetterthantheIvyLeagueintermsofNobelawardsandthequalityofalumni.Therefore,theseuniversitiesarecalledtheNewIvyLeagueandenjoythesameinternationalreputationastheabove-mentionedeightuniversities.

In2006,Newsweekcoinedtheterm"NewIvy."Theseschoolsareamongthebestinacademicandfaculty,eveniftheydonotreachthesizeofIvyLeaguedonationsorelitestatus.Newsweek’slistincludespublicandprivateschools.Unlikeivy,newivyisspreadalloverthecountry.

ThelistofnewIvyLeaguesisasfollows:

Privateuniversities:BostonCollege,CarnegieMellonUniversity,EmoryUniversity,NewYorkUniversity,UniversityofNotreDame,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,University,UniversityofRochester,TuftsUniversity,VanderbiltUniversity,WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis

Publicuniversities:UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,NorthCarolinaUniversityChapelHill

CollegeofArtsandSciences:BowdoinCollege,HarveyMuddCollege,PomonaCollege,ColbyCollege,ColgateUniversity,DavidsonCollege,KenyonCollege,MaiCallisterCollege,FranklinOlinSchoolofEngineering,ReedCollege,SkidmoreCollege

BlackIvy

ThemosteliteblackcollegesanduniversitiesinhistoryarealsoItiscomparedwithivy,andisoftencalled"BlackIvies"(BlackIvies).Theseschoolsfirstappearedinthebook(BlacksinColleges)publishedbyBarnardCollegepsychologyprofessorJacquelineFlemingin1984.

BlackIvyincludes:

• DillardUniversity

• FiskeUniversity

• HamptonUniversity

• HowardUniversity

• MorehouseCollege

• SpellmanCollege

• TuskegeeUniversity

SouthernIvy

In1954,wheneightnortheasterneliteuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesjoinedtheIvyLeagueathleticconference,SouthernUniversitytriedtobuildarivalleagueagainstit:MagnoliaConference.MagnoliaConferenceaimstocompetewiththeIvyLeagueformorethanjustsports.

Althoughtheleaguewasneverheldlater,thesefamoussouthernschoolsaresometimesstillcalled"SouthernIvies".

ListofSouthernIvy

DavidsonCollege	DukeUniversity	EmoryUniversity
RiceUniversity	SouthernMethodistUniversity	TulaneUniversity
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill	UniversityofTexasatAustin	UniversityofVirginia
VanderbiltUniversity	WakeForestUniversity	TheCollegeofWilliamandMary