Originofmeaning
Intelligenceisthegeneraltermforwisdomandability.AncientChinesethinkersgenerallyregardedwisdomandabilityastworelativelyindependentconcepts.
"Xunzi·ZhengmingPian":"Sowhoknowswhatisinothersiscalledknowledge,andknowswhatiscalledwisdom.Therefore,whatcanbeinothersiscalledenergy,andwhatcanbecalledcanbecalledenergy.".Amongthem,"intelligence"referstocertainpsychologicalcharacteristicsofcarryingoutcognitiveactivities,and"ability"referstocertainpsychologicalcharacteristicsofcarryingoutactualactivities.Therearealsomanythinkerswhocombinethetwoasawhole."LüShichunqiu·Examination":"Idon'tknowhowtotakecareofthings,butIamself-confident,robhimofhisintelligence,havemoreteachings,andbeself-contained...Thisisalsothewindofsubjugation."WangChongoftheEasternHanDynastyputforwardthe"IntelligenceofTheconceptof"Shi","LunHeng·ShiZhi":"Sointelligentpeoplecannotsucceediftheydonotlearn,donotaskordonotknow","Talentshavesuperiorsandinferior,knowthingsbylearning,learningisknowledge,donotaskbutdonotknow.Hecompared"talents"with"intelligentpeople",andbelievedthattalentsarepeoplewithacertainlevelofintelligence.Theessenceofthisistocombineintelligenceandabilityasasignforinvestigatingpeople.
Intelligenceclassification
AccordingtoHoward·Gardner’stheoryofmultipleintelligences,humanintelligencecanbedividedintosevencategories:1.Language(Verbal/Linguistic)2.Logic(Logical/Mathematical)3.Space(Visual/Spatial)4.BodyOperation(Bodily/Kinesthetic)5.Music(Musical/Rhythmic)6.Inter-personal/Social7.Introspection(Intra-personal/Introspective).
1.Linguisticintelligence(Linguisticintelligence)
Itreferstotheeffectiveuseofspokenlanguageorwordstoexpressone'sownthoughtsandunderstandothers,flexiblymastervoice,semantics,andgrammar,andpossessusefulfunctions.Verbalthinking,verbalexpressionandtheabilitytoappreciatethedeepconnotationoflanguagearecombinedandusedfreely.Theirsuitableprofessionsare:politicalactivists,presenters,lawyers,speakers,editors,writers,reporters,teachers,etc.
2.Logical-Mathematicalintelligence(Logical-Mathematicalintelligence)
referstotheabilitytoeffectivelycalculate,measure,reason,summarize,classify,andperformcomplexmathematicaloperations.Thisintelligenceincludessensitivitytologicalwaysandrelationships,statementsandclaims,functionsandotherrelatedabstractconcepts.Theirsuitableoccupationsare:scientists,accountants,statisticians,engineers,computersoftwaredevelopers,etc.
3.Spatialintelligence(Spatialintelligence)
referstotheabilitytoaccuratelyperceivevisualspaceandeverythingaroundit,andtoexpressthesensedimageintheformofpictures.Thisintelligenceincludesbeingsensitivetocolors,lines,shapes,forms,andspatialrelationships.Theirsuitableoccupationsare:interiordesigner,architect,photographer,painter,pilot,etc.
4.Bodily-Kinestheticintelligence(Bodily-Kinestheticintelligence)
referstotheabilitytousethewholebodytoexpressthoughtsandemotions,andtousebothhandsdexterouslytomakeormanipulateobjects.Thisintelligenceincludesspecialphysicalskillssuchasbalance,coordination,agility,strength,elasticityandspeed,andabilitiescausedbythesenseoftouch.Theirsuitableoccupationsare:athletes,actors,dancers,surgeons,jewelers,mechanics,etc.
5.Musicalintelligence(Musicalintelligence)
referstotheabilityofpeopletoperceivepitch,melody,rhythm,timbre,etc.keenly.Thisintelligenceishighlysensitivetorhythm,pitch,melodyortimbre,andhasanaturaltalentformusic,andhasahighabilitytoperform,createandthinkaboutmusic.Theirsuitableprofessionsare:singer,composer,conductor,musiccritic,tuner,etc.
6.Interpersonalintelligence(Interpersonalintelligence)
referstotheabilitytounderstandandinteractwithotherswell.Thisintelligenceisgoodatperceivingtheemotionsandemotionsofothers,experiencingthefeelingsandfeelingsofothers,distinguishingthecuesofdifferentinterpersonalrelationshipsandtheabilitytorespondappropriatelytothesecues.Theirsuitableprofessionsare:politician,diplomat,leader,psychologist,publicrelationsofficer,salesman,etc.
7.Intrapersonalintelligence(Intrapersonalintelligence)
referstotheabilitytoknowoneselfandbegoodatself-knowledgeandmakeappropriatebehaviorsaccordingly.Thisintelligencecanrecognizeone'sownstrengthsandweaknesses,beawareofone'sinnerhobbies,emotions,intentions,temperandself-esteem,andliketheabilitytothinkindependently.Theirsuitableprofessionsare:philosopher,politician,thinker,psychologist,etc.
8.Naturalistintelligence(Naturalistintelligence)
referstotheabilitytoobservevariousthingsinnature,debateandclassifyobjects.Thisintelligencehasastrongcuriosityandthirstforknowledge,hasakeenabilitytoobserve,andcanunderstandthenuancesofvariousthings.Theirsuitableoccupationsare:astronomers,biologists,geologists,archaeologists,environmentaldesigners,etc.
Intelligentmanufacturing
Itisgenerallybelievedthatintelligenceisthesumofknowledgeandintelligence.Theformeristhefoundationofintelligence,andthelatterreferstotheabilitytoacquireanduseknowledgetosolveproblems.Intelligentmanufacturingshouldincludeintelligentmanufacturingtechnologyandintelligentmanufacturingsystem.Theintelligentmanufacturingsystemcannotonlycontinuouslyenrichtheknowledgebaseinpractice,haveself-learningfunctions,butalsocollectandunderstandenvironmentalinformationanditsowninformation,andperformanalysis,judgment,andplanning.Abilitytoact.
IntelligentManufacturing(IntelligentManufacturing,IM)isahuman-machineintegratedintelligentsystemcomposedofintelligentmachinesandhumanexperts.Itcanperformintelligentactivitiesduringthemanufacturingprocess,suchasanalysis,reasoning,andjudgment.,Conceptionanddecision-making,etc.Throughthecooperationofhumansandintelligentmachines,toexpand,extendandpartiallyreplacethementalworkofhumanexpertsinthemanufacturingprocess.Itupdatestheconceptofmanufacturingautomationandextendsittoflexibility,intelligenceandhighintegration.
Startingfromtheessentialcharacteristicsoftheintelligentmanufacturingsystem,inthedistributedmanufacturingnetworkenvironment,accordingtothebasicideaofdistributedintegration,thetheoryandmethodofthemulti-agentsysteminthedistributedartificialintelligenceareappliedtorealizethemanufacturingunitFlexibleandintelligentintegrationofflexibleandintelligentnetwork-basedmanufacturingsystems.Accordingtotheisomorphiccharacteristicsofthedistributedsystem,onthebasisofalocalrealizationformoftheintelligentmanufacturingsystem,itactuallyreflectstherealizationmodeoftheintelligentmanufacturingsystemintheglobalmanufacturingnetworkenvironmentbasedontheInternet.
Theso-calledintelligentmachineisalsoanintelligentrobot.Themostimpressivethingitgivespeopleisaunique"livingcreature"thatcontrolsitself.Infact,themainorganofthisself-control"livingthing"isnotassubtleandcomplicatedasarealperson.Intelligentrobotshavevariousinternalinformationsensorsandexternalinformationsensors,suchasvision,hearing,touch,andsmell.Inadditiontosusceptors,italsohaseffectorsasameanstoactonthesurroundingenvironment.Thisisthemuscles,orself-regulatingmotors,whichmakethehands,feet,longnose,tentacles,etc.move.Itcanalsobeseenthatintelligentrobotsmusthaveatleastthreeelements:sensoryelements,movementelementsandthinkingelements.Intelligentrobotisanintegratedbodyofavarietyofhigh-techtechnologies.Itcombinestheknowledgeofmanydisciplinessuchasmechanics,electronics,sensors,computerhardware,software,artificialintelligence,andinvolvestechnologiesinmanycutting-edgefieldstoday.Robotshaveenteredtheeraofintelligence,andmanydevelopedcountriesregardintelligentrobotsasthecommandingheightsoffuturetechnologicaldevelopment.TheUnitedStates,Japan,andGermanycurrentlyhaveobviousadvantagesinthefieldofintelligentrobotresearch.Inrecentyears,Chinahasvigorouslydevelopedintelligentrobotsandhasachievedgratifyingachievements.
Scienceandtechnologyhavealwaysbeena"double-edgedsword".Intelligentrobottechnologywillbringsocialandethicalissuestopeoplewhileplayingitsactiverole.Therefore,somepeopleareworried:Willintelligentrobotssurpasshumansinintelligenceinthefuture,andevenaffectemployment,oreventhreatenhumanlifeandproperty?Infact,thisconcerniscompletelyunnecessary.Intelligentrobotsarenotomnipotent.ItsIQiscurrentlyonlyequivalenttothatofa4-year-oldchild,andits"commonsense"isfarworsethannormaladults.ProfessorZhouHaizhong,awell-knownChinesescholar,pointedoutinhisarticle"OnRobots"publishedin1990:Robotscansurpasshumansintermsofworkintensity,computingspeedandmemoryfunction,buttheycannotsurpasshumansintermsofconsciousnessandreasoning.JapaneseroboticsexpertProfessorShigeoHiroserecentlypointedoutthatevenifintelligentrobotshavecommonsenseinthefutureandcanreplicatethemselves,theywillnotbeabletobringaboutwidespreadunemployment,letalonethreatenhumans.Onlybycorrectlyviewingandusingintelligentrobotscantheybetterserveandbenefitmankind.
Atthe2016ChinaSmartManufacturingAnnualConference,the21stCenturyBusinessHeraldreleasedthe"2016ChinaManufacturingCompetitivenessSurveyReport."Thereportshowsthatmycountry'ssmartmanufacturinghasalreadytraveledlessthan30%,andby2025,mycountry'ssmartmanufacturingwillbeabletotravelmorethan50%.InthefaceofMadeinChina2025andIndustry4.0,thetransformationoftraditionalmanufacturinghascometoacrossroads.Howtolocatetheindustryaccuratelyandacceleratethetransformationoftraditionalindustriesintheinformationageisacommonissuefacingthegovernmentandenterprises.Itisunderstoodthatatpresent,mycountry'sintelligentmanufacturinghasbeguntoshowatrendofmulti-linedevelopment,andprojectshavecovered23industries.Equipmentmanufacturingisakeysupportindustryformycountry'sintelligentmanufacturing.Comparedwiththetraditionalmanufacturingarea,thenewsmartmanufacturingindustryismainlythePearlRiverDelta,theYangtzeRiverDelta,andtheBohaiRim.